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Artificial Intelligence Applied to Neuroscience. A Review of Research Methodology
No full textTreball Final de Màster Universitari en Investigació en Cervell i Conducta (Pla de 2021). SBT024. Curs: 2024/2025Neuroscience research using artificial intelligence (AI) has experienced a considerable
increase worldwide since 2015. The use of this technology is revolutionizing both the way
research is conducted and the performance of the results reported by the studies. Standard
systematic reviews identify and briefly describe research trends based on an implicit and
subjective assessment of factors such as the most widely used AI technologies or the disciplines
currently leading the research. This paper aims to go further and provide an analysis of trends
from a new perspective, focusing on the methodological fit of the technological tool in
experimental design. Furthermore, this analysis will use quantified descriptors within the
bibliographic sources to try to compensate for the subjectivity of the observed trends.
To achieve this goal, a sample of recent research using artificial intelligence is analyzed,
applying a set of methodological categories as a descriptive lens: the "utility" of the research,
the "role" played by AI in experimental design, and the categories that distinguish whether the
improvement in results was the result of sophisticated AI technology or its application, for the
first time, to a classic research paradigm. The objective is for this new approach —instrumentally
aligned with the subject of the master's degree— to be especially useful for neuroscientists who,
for the first time, are interested in the scientific potential offered by AI but are unfamiliar with
the variable casuistry of how it is implemented within an experiment
Operando evidence on the chirality-enhanced oxygen evolution reaction in intrinsically chiral electrocatalysts
No full textElectrolytic hydrogen is identified as a crucial component in the desired decarbonisation of the chemical industry, utilizing renewable energy to split water into hydrogen and oxygen. Water electrolysis still requires important scientific advances to improve its performance and lower its costs. One of the bottlenecks in this direction is related to the sluggish anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Producing anodes with competitive performance remains challenging due to the high energy losses and the harsh working conditions typically required by this complex oxidation process. Recent advancements point to spin polarization as an opportunity to enhance the kinetics of this spin-restricted reaction, yielding the paramagnetic O2 molecule. One powerful strategy deals with the generation of chiral catalytic surfaces, typically by surface functionalisation with chiral organic molecules, to promote the chiral-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect during electron transfer. However, the relationship between optical activity and enhanced electrocatalysis has been established only from indirect experimental evidence. In this work, we have exploited operando electrochemical and spectroscopic tools to confirm the direct relationship between the faster OER kinetics and the optical activity of enantiopure Fe–Ni metal oxides when compared with that of achiral catalysts in alkaline conditions. Our results show the participation of chiral species as reactive intermediates during the electrocatalytic reaction, supporting the appearance of a mechanistic CISS enhancement. Furthermore, these intrinsically chiral transition-metal oxides maintain their enhanced activity in full cell electrolyser architectures at industrially relevant current densities
Estudio descriptivo sobre el diagnóstico, manejo y evolución de los casos de Enfermedad Hepática Crónica por el virus de la Hepatitis Delta en el Servicio de Medicina Digestiva del Hospital Universitario General de Castellón.
No full textTreball Final de Grau en Medicina (Pla de 2017). Codi: MD1758. Curs acadèmic: 2024/2025Introducción: La hepatitis Delta representa la forma más agresiva de hepatitis
crónica vírica. El virus de la hepatitis Delta (VHD) solo puede infectar a individuos
con una infección previa o concurrente del virus de la hepatitis B (VHB). El objetivo
de este estudio es determinar la prevalencia de VHD entre los pacientes con VHB
en el Hospital General Universitario de Castellón durante 2023-2024 y describir su
perfil clínico y epidemiológico.
Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, longitudinal y retrospectivo. Se estimó
la prevalencia del VHD y se describieron las variables epidemiológicas de estos
pacientes mediante análisis descriptivos y tablas de frecuencia. Se estudió el efecto
de confusión de las comorbilidades y la asociación del número de copias y las
manifestaciones clínicas.
Resultados: Entre los 370 pacientes con VHB, la prevalencia de VHD es del 10%
(IC 95%: 6,5%-14,4%), superior a la media mundial, pero similar a otros hospitales
españoles.
En los 37 pacientes con VHD, la mediana de edad es de 59 años y el 56,8% son
hombres, siendo un 54% de ellos extranjeros. Un 36% presenta fibrosis avanzada
o cirrosis y el 13% ha desarrollado complicaciones. La mayoría no recibe tratamiento
específico, aunque un 13,4% lleva Bulevirtide, el primer fármaco aprobado para el
VHD.
Discusión: Las principales limitaciones fueron el reducido tamaño muestral de
pacientes con VHD y el carácter retrospectivo. Estos hallazgos refuerzan la
importancia del cribado sistemático de VHD en todos los pacientes con VHB y la
necesidad de ampliar el estudio, especialmente ante la aparición de nuevas
terapias.Introduction: Delta hepatitis represents the most aggressive form of chronic viral
hepatitis. HDV can only infect individuals with a previous or concurrent infection by
hepatitis B virus. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of HDV
between patients with HBV at the Hospital General Universitario de Castellón during
2023 and 2024, and to describe the clinical and epidemiological profile of patients
with HDV.
Methods: A descriptive, longitudinal, and retrospective study was conducted. The
prevalence of HDV was estimated, and the epidemiological variables of these
patients were described using descriptive analyses and frequency tables. The
confounding effect of comorbidities and the association between the number of
copies and clinical manifestations were studied.
Results: Among the 370 patients with HBV, the prevalence of HDV was 10% (95%
CI: 6.5%-14.4%), higher than the global average but similar to the one reported in
other Spanish hospitals.
Among the 37 patients with HDV analysed, the median age was 59 years, and 56.8%
were men. 54% were not from Spain. Advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis was described
in 36% and 13% developed severe complications. Most didn´t receive antiviral
treatment, and only 13.4% were treated with Bulevirtide, the first treatment approved
for HD
La Mediación Familiar como Instrumento Adecuado para la protección del Interés Superior del Niño, Niña y Adolescente. Desafíos y beneficios en el Sistema legislativo Español
No full textTreball final de Màster Universitari en Intervenció i Mediació Familiar (Pla de 2014). Codi: SBD016. Curs acadèmic: 2024/2025La mediación familiar adquiere cada vez más importancia como “cultura de la paz”, con sus
principios y ventajas, se alza como un punto de inflexión ante los distintos conflictos que se
generan producto de rupturas familiares mal gestionadas. Las herramientas de la mediación,
contribuirán a que se respete el interés superior de niños, niñas y adolescentes (NNA),
quienes muchas veces son los más perjudicados frente a los conflictos familiares. El presente
estudio se basa en una revisión sistemática de la normativa española aplicable a la mediación
familiar, con énfasis en cómo esta normativa conceptualiza el “interés superior del niño, niña
y adolescente”. Asimismo, se analizan las ventajas de la mediación frente a la judicialización
de los conflictos familiares, como favorecer la comunicación entre las partes y la escucha de
los NNA, dándoles herramientas para gestionar de mejor forma esta crisis y enseñándoles a
gestionar en el futuro sus propios conflictos, lo que se realizará a través del estudio de las
técnicas aplicables en mediaciones familiares con NNA. Finalmente, revisaremos cuáles son
los desafíos en esta materia y cómo la ley podría propender el uso de la mediación familiar
como instrumento para la protección de los derechos de los NNA.Family mediation is gaining increasing importance as a "culture of peace." With its principles
and advantages, it emerges as a turning point in the face of various conflicts resulting from
poorly managed family breakups. Mediation tools contribute to ensuring respect for the best
interests of children and adolescents (NNA), who are often the most affected by family
disputes. This study is based on a systematic review of the Spanish legal framework
applicable to family mediation, with an emphasis on how the law conceptualizes the "best
interests of the child and adolescent." Furthermore, the advantages of mediation over
judicialization in family conflicts are analyzed, such as fostering communication between
parties and ensuring that children are heard. These aspects provide NNA with tools to better
manage the crisis and to learn how to resolve their own conflicts in the future. This will be
addressed through the study of mediation techniques applicable in family mediation
involving children. Finally, the study examines the main legal challenges and explores how
the law could promote family mediation as an effective instrument to protect the rights of
children and adolescents
Influencia de la calidad de reducción sobre complicaciones y funcionalidad en pacientes de edad avanzada con fractura subtrocantérea de cadera
No full textHand kinematics requirements in feeding and cooking tasks: ergonomic implications
No full textHand kinematics plays a crucial role in the performance of activities of daily living (ADLs).
However, very few works have studied postural- and velocity-related requirements altogether.
This work analyses quantifiable kinematic parameters for both hands of 18 right-handed participants while performing a wide variety of feeding and cooking ADLs (178 different tasks using
66 products). The selected tasks are those presented in the KINE-ADL BE-UJI Dataset, a publicly
available dataset tailored to be representative of tasks and products of feeding and cooking ADLs.
In the analysis, tasks were classified according to different aspects, such as force type and
intended motion. Kinematic parameters analysed for each joint included median and extreme
postures (5th and 95th percentiles), as well as median and peak (95th percentile) of opening and
closing velocities. Additionally, a manipulability index is proposed as an indicator of the dexterity
required to perform a task. The results for each task group are discussed, identifying the task
groups with extreme kinematic requirements, hardly achievable for people with affected hand
function. In view of the observed kinematic requirements, the tasks that could benefit from the
development of assistive devices or more ergonomic solutions are listed, as well as the pathologies
that may face difficulties during the performance of each task group. All this information can be
useful when prescribing or designing assistive devices, and may have an impact on helping the
autonomy and quality of life of elders and people with hand function impairments
An enquiry approach to rediscovering sundials as a didactic tool for teaching time
No full textThe ability to measure quantities is a fundamental component of primary mathematics education due to its relevance in both real-world applications and mathematical horizontality. However, the concept of time measurement remains one of the most challenging topics for students to grasp due to its abstract nature. Despite the recognized difficulties, there is a lack of effective instructional strategies that integrate constructivist approaches to enhance students' conceptual understanding of time. Addressing this gap, this study presents the design and implementation of a constructivist didactic sequence based on active learning within an Inquiry-Based Learning (IBL) framework. The study involved 31 pre-service teachers in their final year of training, aiming to enhance their pedagogical competence in teaching time measurement through the use of sundials. The research explores how these future educators conceptualize time and how they interpret sundials as a means to represent its passage. To evaluate their assimilation and comprehension of the topic, a phenomenographic analysis was conducted, comparing their depth of knowledge before and after the intervention. The findings indicate a significant improvement in both conceptual understanding and didactic application. The results underscore the effectiveness of sundials as instructional tools, not only for illustrating the passage of time and calendar cycles but also for highlighting the social and historical contexts associated with timekeeping. This study contributes to the field of mathematics education by providing empirical evidence supporting the integration of inquiry-based, constructivist methods in the teaching of time measurement, ultimately enhancing pre-service teachers’ instructional competencies and students’ conceptual grasp of temporal concepts
Los efectos de la percepción cínica
No full textTreball Final de Grau en Psicologia. Codi: PS1048. Curs: 2024/202
Organizaciones de empresas turísticas [dataset]; Organizaciones de empresas quimicas [dataset]; Organizaciones_24Octfinal [dataset]
No full textOrganizaciones de empresas turísticas, químicas y creativa