University of Valencia
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Experiencias y necesidades de los hermanos de niños en situación paliativa: estudio cualitativo desde la perspectiva de los profesionales
No full textIntroducción: Los cuidados paliativos pediátricos consisten en los cuidados activos e integrales que se realizan al cuerpo, mente y espíritu del niño y su familia, desde que es diagnosticado de una enfermedad amenazante para la vida. Las investigaciones se centran sobre los efectos que esto causa en los padres y los niños, sin centrarse en las repercusiones que esto tiene en los hermanos. Objetivo: Conocer y analizar las experiencias y necesidades de los hermanos de niños en situación paliativa desde la perspectiva de los profesionales más cercanos a ellos. Materiales y método: Estudio cualitativo exploratorio, que se centró en la provincia de Valencia. Participaron cinco profesionales que trabajan en la Asociación de Padres de Niños con Cáncer de la Comunidad Valenciana (ASPANION), y la obtención de datos se realizó mediante entrevistas individuales semiestructuradas. Resultados: Aspectos referidos a la adaptación de la familia, los cambios de comportamiento de los hermanos durante el proceso, la comunicación entre ambos, la importancia de la información y la participación del hermano durante la enfermedad, así como las dificultades que encuentran los profesionales para tratar con estos hermanos, son algunos de los resultados obtenidos. Conclusiones: Los hermanos viven los procesos paliativos con gran capacidad de adaptación, aunque, en momentos de estrés o cuando aparecen sentimientos de abandono o culpa, los hermanos lo expresan a través de cambios en el comportamiento. Es importante que los padres expresen sus miedos y mantengan el vínculo con el hermano, haciéndoles partícipes de la situación e informándoles de todo, teniendo muy en cuenta el factor de la edad. La gran demanda de los profesionales es la de poder trabajar con los hermanos directamente, de manera que puedan tener una atención más cercana
Colloidal nano-MOFs nucleate and stabilize ultra-small quantum dots of lead bromide perovskites
No full textThe development of synthetic routes to access stable, ultra-small (i.e. <5 nm) lead halide perovskite (LHP) quantum dots (QDs) is of fundamental and technological interest. The considerable challenges include the high solubility of the ionic LHPs in polar solvents and aggregation to form larger particles. Here, we demonstrate a simple and effective host-guest strategy for preparing ultra-small lead bromide perovskite QDs through the use of nano-sized MOFs that function as nucleating and host sites. Cr3O(OH)(H2O)2(terephthalate)3 (Cr-MIL-101), made of large mesopore-sized pseudo-spherical cages, allows fast and efficient diffusion of perovskite precursors within its pores, and promotes the formation of stable, ∼3 nm-wide lead bromide perovskite QDs. CsPbBr3, MAPbBr3 (MA+ = methylammonium), and (FA)PbBr3 (FA+ = formamidinium) QDs exhibit significantly blue-shifted emission maxima at 440 nm, 446 nm, and 450 nm, respectively, as expected for strongly confined perovskite QDs. Optical characterization and composite modelling confirm that the APbBr3 (A = Cs, MA, FA) QDs owe their stability within the MIL-101 nanocrystals to both short- and long-range interfacial interactions with the MOF pore walls
Sensibilidad a la ansiedad y adicción a los videojuegos en deportistas. El rol protector de la dureza mental
No full textEl uso excesivo de los videojuegos y la adicción a los mismos entre los deportistas es una preocupación reciente que va en aumento. La sensibilidad a la ansiedad es un factor de riesgo para las conductas adictivas, del mismo modo que la dureza mental, ampliamente asociada a los deportistas, es un elemento protector. El presente trabajo examina las relaciones entre la sensibilidad a la ansiedad, la dureza mental y la adicción a videojuegos en este contexto. La muestra estuvo compuesta por deportistas (n = 98) de entre 19 -51 años (M edad = 23.94; DT = 7.72) de los cuales 64 fueron hombres y 34 mujeres. Aplicando instrumentos descriptivos sobre sensibilidad a la ansiedad, dureza mental y adicción y dependencia a los videojuegos los resultados indicaron que un aumento de la sensibilidad a la ansiedad física o social correlacionó con una disminución de la dureza mental y la reducción de ésta se asoció con un aumento de la tolerancia a los video juegos. La sensibilidad a la ansiedad social y física tuvo efectos indirectos en el abuso y tolerancia a los videojuegos mediante la dureza mental de los deportistas. Los resultados se discuten entorno al papel de la dureza mental en la comprensión de los problemas de adicción a los videojuegos en deportistas
Bupropion induced changes in exploratory and anxiety-like behaviour in NMRI male mice depends on the age.
No full textThe aim of this study was to assess the effects of the antidepressant bupropion on anxiety and novelty-seeking in adolescent mice of different ages and adults. Behavioural differences between early adolescent, late adolescent and adult NMRI mice were measured both in the elevated plus-maze and the hole-board tasks following acute administration of bupropion (5, 10, 15, 20 mg/kg) or saline. In the plus maze test, early and late adolescent mice treated with bupropion (10, 15 mg/kg, respectively) had lower percentages of entries in the open-arms compared to their vehicle controls. Adult mice treated with bupropion did not differ from their vehicle controls. These results suggest that the effect of this drug on anxiety-like behaviour in mice depends on the age, showing adolescents an anxiogenic-like profile. In the hole-board, adolescents showed more elevated levels of novelty-seeking than adults, exhibiting shorter latency to the first head-dip (HD) and a higher number of HD's. Bupropion increases the latency to the first HD and decreases the number of HD's in all age-groups, indicating a decline in exploratory tendency. Findings reveal that the age can modulate the behaviour displayed by mice in both animal models, and that adolescents are more sensitive to bupropion's anxiogenic effects
Phosphorylated-insulin growth factor I receptor (p-IGF1R) and metalloproteinase-3 (MMP3) expression in advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). A GEIS 19 study.
No full textBackground: Most GISTs have mutations in KIT or PDGFRA. Patients with advanced GIST with KIT exon 9, PDGFRA mutation or WT for KIT and PDGFRA have a worse progression-free survival (PFS) compared to patients with KIT exon 11 mutated tumors. We evaluated the immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of p-IGF1R (Y1316) and MMP3 as predictors of PFS or overall survival (OS). Methods: Ninety-two advanced GIST patients included in GEIS-16 study with KIT and PDGFRA mutational information were examined for p-IGF1R (Y1316) and MMP3 expression in a tissue micro-array. To study activation of the IGF1R system, we have used an antibody (anti-pY1316) that specifically recognizes the active phosphorylated form of the IGF1R. DNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded tissues and intronic PCR primers were used to amplify exons 9, 11, 13 and 17 of KIT, 12 and 18 of PDGFRA. Bidirectional sequencing with specific primers was performed on a ABI3100 sequencer using the Big Dye Terminator v3.1 kit. Multivariate model was built using a stepwise automated variable selection approach with criterion to enter the variable in the model of p 1 organ (HR 1.89; 95 % CI 1.03-3.4) and genotype analysis (HR 0.57, 95 % CI 0.37-0.97) but not immunophenotype analysis (HR 1.53; 95 % CI 0.76-3.06) were the strongest prognostic factors for PFS in the multivariate analysis. Conclusions: Our results do not support p-IGF-1R and MMP3 evaluation in non-selected GIST patients but evaluation of this immunophenotype in WT and mutant PDGFR mutation in larger group of GIST patients, deserve merits
Optimal use of the Prede POM sky radiometer for aerosol, water vapor, and ozone retrievals
No full textThe Prede POM sky radiometer is a filter radiometer deployed worldwide in the SKYNET international network. A new method, called Skyrad pack MRI version 2 (MRI v2), is presented here to retrieve aerosol properties (size distribution, real and imaginary parts of the refractive index, single-scattering albedo, asymmetry factor, lidar ratio, and linear depolarization ratio), water vapor, and ozone column concentrations from the sky radiometer measurements. MRI v2 overcomes two limitations of previous methods (Skyrad pack versions 4.2 and 5, MRI version 1). One is the use of all the wavelengths of 315, 340, 380, 400, 500, 675, 870, 940, 1020, 1627, and 2200 nm if available from the sky radiometers, for example, in POM-02 models. The previous methods cannot use the wavelengths of 315, 940, 1627, and 2200 nm. This enables us to provide improved estimates of the aerosol optical properties, covering almost all the wavelengths of solar radiation. The other is the use of measurements in the principal plane geometry in addition to the solar almucantar plane geometry that is used in the previous versions. Measurements in the principal plane are regularly performed; however, they are currently not exploited despite being useful in the case of small solar zenith angles when the scattering angle distribution for almucantars becomes too small to yield useful information. Moreover, in the inversion algorithm, MRI v2 optimizes the smoothness constraints of the spectral dependencies of the refractive index and size distribution, and it changes the contribution of the diffuse radiances to the cost function according to the aerosol optical depth. This overcomes issues with the estimation of the size distribution and single-scattering albedo in the Skyrad pack version 4.2. The scattering model used here allows for non-spherical particles, improving results for mineral dust and permitting evaluation of the depolarization ratio. An assessment of the retrieval uncertainties using synthetic measurements shows that the best performance is obtained when the aerosol optical depth is larger than 0.2 at 500 nm. Improvements over the Skyrad pack versions 4.2 and 5 are obtained for the retrieved size distribution, imaginary part of the refractive index, single-scattering albedo, and lidar ratio at Tsukuba, Japan, while yielding comparable retrievals of the aerosol optical depth, real part of the refractive index, and asymmetry factor. A radiative closure study using surface solar irradiances from the Baseline Surface Radiation Network and the parameters retrieved from MRI v2 showed consistency, with a positive bias of the simulated global irradiance of about C1 %. Furthermore, the MRI v2 retrievals of the refractive index, single-scattering albedo, asymmetry factor, and size distribution have been found to be in agreement with integrated profiles of aircraft in situ measurements of two Saharan dust events at the Cape Verde archipelago during the Sunphotometer Airborne Validation Experiment in Dust (SAVEX-D) 2015 field campaign
An Antibacterial-Loaded PLA 3D-Printed Model for Temporary Prosthesis in Arthroplasty Infections: Evaluation of the Impact of Layer Thickness on the Mechanical Strength of a Construct and Drug Release
No full textInfections are one of the main complications in arthroplasties. These infections are difficult to treat because the bacteria responsible for them settle in the prosthesis and form a biofilm that does not allow antimicrobials to reach the infected area. This study is part of a research project aimed at developing 3D-printed spacers (temporary prostheses) capable of incorporating antibacterials for the personalized treatment of arthroplasty infections. The main objective of this research was to analyze the impact of the layer thickness of 3D-printed constructs based on polylactic acid (PLA) for improved treatment of infections in arthroplasty. The focus is on the following parameters: resistance, morphology, drug release, and the effect of antibacterials incorporated in the printed temporary prostheses. The resistance studies revealed that the design and layer thickness of a printed spacer have an influence on its resistance properties. The thickness of the layer used in printing affects the amount of methylene blue (used as a model drug) that is released. Increasing layer thickness leads to a greater release of the drug from the spacer, probably as a result of higher porosity. To evaluate antibacterial release, cloxacillin and vancomycin were incorporated into the constructs. When incorporated into the 3D construct, both antibacterials were released, as evidenced by the growth inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus. In conclusion, preliminary results indicate that the layer thickness during the three-dimensional (3D) printing process of the spacer plays a significant role in drug release
Actitud del profesorado hacia la atención al alumnado de alta capacidad. Estudio en la Comunidad Valenciana
No full textLas investigaciones que han examinado las actitudes y las creencias del profesorado hacia la educación del alumnado con alta capacidad corroboran que el profesorado que tiene una acti-tud positiva apoya a este alumnado e intenta satisfacer sus necesidades emocionales, sociales y académicas, mientras que el profesorado que presenta actitudes negativas puede provocar la pérdida de motivación, el bajo rendimiento e, incluso, en ocasiones, el deterioro de su capacidad. El presente estudio se plantea investigar, por un lado, cuáles son las actitudes del profesorado valenciano hacia el alumnado de alta capacidad y sus necesidades a partir del análisis de sus creencias y, por otro, conocer el impacto de la formación recibida sobre estas actitudes. En esta investigación han participado un total de 1176 docentes de la Comunidad Valenciana. El instrumento utilizado para llevar a cabo esta investigación ha sido un cuestionario elaborado ad hoc. Los resultados indican que la actitud del profesorado hacia la alta capacidad resulta más positiva entre el profesorado de menor edad y con menor tiempo trabajado. También el profesorado de infantil y primaria en comparación con el de niveles superiores. En cambio, la formación recibida no parece tener un gran impacto en sus creencias. Por lo tanto, la concre-ción de la formación no debería subestimar los factores ambientales, y muy especialmente las representaciones sociales, vinculadas con las diferentes generaciones.--- Research examining teacher attitudes while serving learners in gifted education corroborates that teachers who have a positive attitude are more likely to support their students, attempting to meet their emotional, social, and academic needs. On the contrary, teachers who respond negatively can hamper the development of key competences, resulting in loss of motivation and a poor academic performance. In this line, the present study aims to investigate the attitudes of Valencian teachers towards highly capable students and their needs through an analysis of their beliefs, while also determining the impact of the training received on the development of said attitudes. To achieve this, an ad-hoc questionnaire was designed and administered to a total of 1176 teachers from the Valencian Community. Results indicate that the attitude of teachers towards gifted students is more positive among younger instructors with fewer teaching experience, as well as among early years and primary school teachers in comparison with those teaching at higher levels. Furthermore, the results obtained prove that the training received does not significantly impact teacher attitudes and beliefs, thus emphasizing the need to consider environmental factors and, especially, the social representations associated to the different generations
Viajando sobre hojas volanderas: representaciones del viaje en pliegos sueltos del siglo XVIII
No full textEl tema que aborda este trabajo son las representaciones del viaje y de los viajeros en los romances del siglo XVIII. Los objetivos son, en primer lugar, dar a conocer una fuente 'popular' en relación a un tema, el viaje, que para el siglo XVIII ha sido generalmente estudiado desde la perspectiva de la alta cultura, como ingrediente clave para la formación e instrucción de cualquier espíritu ilustrado. Rastreando los aspectos asociados al viaje que, numerosos, asoman en los pliegos sueltos, se muestran otras representaciones de viajes y viajeros, que contribuyan a enriquecer nuestra comprensión sobre la diversidad de concepciones que el tema pudo suscitar en la época. En segundo lugar, a partir de una muestra representativa de romances publicados en el siglo XVIII, se analizan distintos rasgos de los relatos de viajes: periplos, lugares de destino, tipos de viajes, identidad de los viajeros, causas para emprender el itinerario, descripción de espacios, éxito o fracaso de la empresa, etc. Finalmente, se seleccionan algunos textos representativos para indagar los valores asociados al viaje y al encuentro con 'el otro', con el fin de explorar los miedos e ilusiones que, según los relatos, llevaba aparejado aventurarse hacia lo desconocido
Innovative Alignment-Based Method for Antiviral Peptide Prediction
No full textAntiviral peptides (AVPs) represent a promising strategy for addressing the global chal- lenges of viral infections and their growing resistances to traditional drugs. Lab-based AVP discovery methods are resource-intensive, highlighting the need for efficient computational alternatives. In this study, we developed five non-trained but supervised multi-query similarity search models (MQSSMs) integrated into the StarPep toolbox. Rigorous testing and validation across diverse AVP datasets confirmed the models' robustness and reliability. The top-performing model, M13+, demonstrated impressive results, with an accuracy of 0.969 and a Matthew's correlation coefficient of 0.71. To assess their competitiveness, the top five models were benchmarked against 14 publicly available machine-learning and deep-learning AVP predictors. The MQSSMs outperformed these predic- tors, highlighting their efficiency in terms of resource demand and public accessibility. Another significant achievement of this study is the creation of the most comprehensive dataset of antiviral sequences to date. In general, these results suggest that MQSSMs are promissory tools to develop good alignment-based models that can be successfully applied in the screening of large datasets for new AVP discovery