University of Valencia
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The role of host glycobiology and gut microbiota in rotavirus and norovirus infection, an update
No full textRotavirus (RV) and norovirus (NoV) are the leading causes of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) worldwide. Several studies have demonstrated that histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) have a role in NoV and RV infections since their presence on the gut epithelial surfaces is essential for the susceptibility to many NoV and RV genotypes. Polymorphisms in genes that code for enzymes required for HBGAs synthesis lead to secretor or non-secretor and Lewis positive or Lewis negative individuals. While secretor individuals appear to be more susceptible to RV infections, regarding NoVs infections, there are too many discrepancies that prevent the ability to draw conclusions. A second factor that influences enteric viral infections is the gut microbiota of the host. In vitro and animal studies have determined that the gut microbiota limits, but in some cases enhances enteric viral infection. The ways that microbiota can enhance NoV or RV infection include virion stabilization and promotion of virus attachment to host cells, whereas experiments with microbiota-depleted and germ-free animals point to immunoregulation as the mechanism by which the microbiota restrict infection. Human trials with live, attenuated RV vaccines and analysis of the microbiota in responder and non-responder individuals also allowed the identification of bacterial taxa linked to vaccine efficacy. As more information is gained on the complex relationships that are established between the host (glycobiology and immune system), the gut microbiota and intestinal viruses, new avenues will open for the development of novel anti-NoV and anti-RV therapie
Acute headache attributed to whiplash in arcuate foramen and non-arcuate foramen subjects
No full textPurpose To test the association between arcuate foramen (AF) in the first cervical vertebra with acute headache attributed to whiplash. Methods Retrospective study of 128 patients that suffered a whiplash. The presence or absence of AF was recorded after a radiographic study, as well as the presence or absence of acute headache after the whiplash. Results The frequency of AF was 17.2%. Patients with bilateral AF presented a significant (p = 0.000, Fisher's test) increase in the frequency of acute headache (90.9%) in comparison with the non-AF group (5.7%). The ratio between the presence and absence of acute headache was 166.6 times higher (IC 95% 18.2-1526.22) in subjects with bilateral AF in comparison with non-AF subjects. Conclusions The presence of bilateral AF is associated to an increased frequency of acute headache after suffering a whiplash, information of interest for the attention to these patients
Una nación moderna. Masculinidades españolas postimperiales frente a Guinea Ecuatorial
No full textEste artículo analiza una serie de discursos sobre la nación española que, en las últimas dos décadas, representan España como una nación moderna en contraposición con su antigua colonia, Guinea Ecuatorial. Aborda, para ello, la interrelación entre los discursos nacionales y la categoría de género, que atraviesa una serie de obras ensayísticas y literarias ambientadas en la antigua colonia. Estudia los diferentes modelos de masculinidad que se han identificado con la nación española con el objetivo de defender su papel positivo y civilizador para el país africano, concebido como atrasado, cuyas gentes necesitarían de la tutela de la antigua metrópolis para avanzar en la senda del progreso. Identifica y analiza dos modelos de masculinidad: el arquetipo del explorador, que reactualiza un modelo de masculinidad colonial, y el del hombre cosmopolita homosexual
Viñetaria: una cartografía necesaria en pro del género
No full textReseña del ensayo Viñetaria. Historia universal de las autoras de cómic (Cátedra, 2024), de Elisa McCausland y Diego Salgado. / Review of the essay Viñetaria. Historia universal de las autoras de cómic (Cátedra, 2024), by Elisa McCausland and Diego Salgado
Insights into the early transcriptomic response against watermelon mosaic virus in melon
No full textBackground Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) is one of the most prevalent viruses affecting melon worldwide. Recessive resistance to WMV in melon has previously been reported in the African accession TGR-1551. Moreover, the genomic regions associated to the resistance have also been described. Nevertheless, the transcriptomic response that might infer the resistance to this potyvirus has not been explored. Results We have performed a comparative transcriptomic analysis using mock and WMV-inoculated plants of the susceptible cultivar 'Bola de oro' (BO) and a resistant RIL (Recombinant inbred line) derived from the initial cross between 'TGR-1551' and BO. In total, 616 genes were identified as differentially expressed and the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) detected 19 gene clusters (GCs), of which 7 were differentially expressed for the genotype x treatment interaction term. SNPs with a predicted high impact on the protein function were detected within the coding regions of most of the detected DEGs. Moreover, 3 and 16 DEGs were detected within the QTL regions previously described in chromosomes 11 and 5, respectively. In addition to these two specific genomic regions, we also observde large transcriptomic changes from genes spread across the genome in the resistant plants in response to the virus infection. This early response against WMV implied genes involved in plant-pathogen interaction, plant hormone signal transduction, the MAPK signaling pathway or ubiquitin mediated proteolysis, in detriment to the photosynthetic and basal metabolites pathways. Moreover, the gene MELO3C021395, which coded a mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 33A (MED33A), has been proposed as the candidate gene located on chromosome 11 conferring resistance to WMV. Conclusions The comparative transcriptomic analysis presented here showed that, even though the resistance to WMV in TGR-1551 has a recessive nature, it triggers an active defense response at a transcriptomic level, which involves broad-spectrum resistance mechanisms. Thus, this study represents a step forward on our understanding of the mechanisms underlaying WMV resistance in melon. In addition, it sheds light into a broader topic on the mechanisms of recessive resistances
Environmental tax convergence and interdependence in the European Union
No full textThis paper empirically analyzes the convergence and interdependence of environmental taxes in EU-28 from 1998 to 2018. Our results evidence a lack of European integration and reveal a group of converging countries characterized by a lowering tax burden. Moreover, a subsequent spatial regression analysis supports that the converging countries exhibit a significantly greater sensibility to the neighbouring environmental tax policies, compatible with some degree of cross-country tax competition. Este artículo analiza la convergencia e interdependencia de los impuestos ambientales en EU-28 desde 1998 hasta 2018. Nuestros resultados evidencian una falta de integración europea y revelan la presencia de un grupo de países convergentes caracterizados por una carga tributaria decreciente. Además, un análisis de regresión espacial posterior sugiere que los países convergentes muestran una sensibilidad significativamente mayor hacia las políticas fiscales ambientales vecinas, lo cual sería compatible con cierto grado de competencia fiscal interestatal
An approximate Lax-Wendroff-type procedure for high order accurate schemes for hyperbolic conservation laws
No full textA high order time stepping applied to spatial discretizations provided by the method of lines for hyperbolic conservations laws is presented. This procedure is related to the one proposed in Qiu and Shu (SIAM J Sci Comput 24(6):2185-2198, 2003) for numerically solving hyperbolic conservation laws. Both methods are based on the conversion of time derivatives to spatial derivatives through a Lax-Wendroff-type procedure, also known as Cauchy-Kovalevskaya process. The original approach in Qiu and Shu (2003) uses the exact expressions of the fluxes and their derivatives whereas the new procedure computes suitable finite difference approximations of them ensuring arbitrarily high order accuracy both in space and time as the original technique does, with a much simpler implementation and generically better performance, since only flux evaluations are required and no symbolic computations of flux derivatives are needed
Un Paisatge amb figures: a propòsit del patronímic ioannes en la nissaga dels macip
No full textJoan Vicent Macip, més conegut com Joan de Joanes, fou el més destacat de les tres generacions dels Macip dedicades a menesters pictòrics. Fins a tal punt que el seu nom derivà en patronímic llatinitzat (Ioannes), de què es beneficiaren la seua dona, els seus fills i la seua neta. Un àlies que, amb posterioritat, s'utilitzà en versió valenciana i castellana amb la formula Joanes/ Joan de Joanes o Juanes/Juan de Juanes fins l'actualitat. El present treball indaga en les vicissituds d'aquesta evolució i, alhora, en el lloc on va nàixer el nostre protagonista, dada imprecisa que ara perfilem d'acord amb la documentació consultada
Nilotinib counteracts P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance and synergizes the antitumoral effect of doxorubicin in soft tissue sarcomas
No full textThe therapeutic effect of doxorubicin (DXR) in the treatment of soft tissue sarcomas (STS) is limited by its toxicity and the development of multidrug resistance (MDR), the latter mainly induced by high expression of efflux pumps (e.g., P-glycoprotein [P-gp]). Therefore, the search for alternative therapies, which sensitize these tumors to chemotherapy while maintaining a low toxicity profile, is a rational approach. We assessed efficacy and molecular mechanisms involved in the antiproliferative effects of the tyrosine kinase inhibitors, nilotinib and imatinib, as single agents or in combination with DXR, in human synovial sarcoma SW982 and leiomyosarcoma SK-UT-1 cells. As single compound nilotinib (1-10 µM) was more potent than imatinib inhibiting the growth of SK-UT-1 and SW982 cells by 33.5-59.6%, respectively. Importantly, only nilotinib synergized the antitumoral effect of DXR (0.05-0.5 µM) by at least 2-fold, which clearly surpassed the mere sum of effects according to isobolographic analysis. Moreover, nilotinib in combination with DXR had a sustained effect on cell number (-70.3±5.8%) even 12 days after withdrawal of drugs compared to DXR alone. On the molecular level, only nilotinib fully blocked FBS-induced ERK1 and p38 MAPK activation, hence, reducing basal and DXR-induced up-regulation of P-gp levels. Moreover, efflux activity of the MDR-related proteins P-gp and MRP-1 was inhibited, altogether resulting in intracellular DXR retention. In high-risk STS tumors 53.8% and 15.4% were positive for P-gp and MRP-1 expression, respectively, with high incidence of P-gp in synovial sarcoma (72.7%). In summary, nilotinib exhibits antiproliferative effects on cellular models of STS and sensitizes them to DXR by reverting DXR-induced P-gp-mediated MDR and inhibiting MRP-1 activity, leading to a synergistic effect with potential for clinical treatment
Validity of brief scales for assessing transdiagnostic cognitive emotion regulation strategies in primary care patients with emotional disorders
No full textCognitive emotion regulation strategies have been proposed as an explanation for transdiagnostic vulnerability to emotional disorders, which are highly prevalent in the primary care setting. The use of brief psychological instruments to detect cognitive-emotional factors - such as worry, rumination, interpretative and attentional distortions, and metacognitions - could provide valuable clinical data to better guide treatment in primary care. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of four brief scales derived from the full versions of four assessment instruments (PSWQ, RRS, IACTA, and MCQ-30). The brief scales were completed by 1,250 primary care patients with an emotional disorder diagnosed by a general practitioner. The following characteristics of the scales were assessed: (a) internal structure (assessed by confirmatory factor analysis), (b) internal consistency, (c) convergent validity, (d) metric invariance across gender and age, and (e) predictive validity. The results showed a unifactorial structure for all of the tested scales, with an acceptable internal consistency and convergent validity, and invariance across gender and age. The brief scales presented predictive validity using the PHQ-4, a 4-item scale used to detect depression and generalized anxiety disorders, suggesting that these brief scales are optimal for use in the primary care setting