University of Valencia
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Increased Salivary IL-1 Beta Level Is Associated with Poor Sleep Quality in University Students
No full textPoor sleep quality is a major public health concern for all ages. In particular, university students often face stress levels and changes in social life habits that negatively influence their quality of sleep. This could be associated with psychological well-being in terms of anxiety and depressive symptoms, stress levels, and a poor self-perceived health status. The increases in the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-1 beta (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), in blood have been linked to poor sleep quality in many diseases, but data on salivary cytokine levels in students are missing or are seldom analyzed. In this study we determined the quality of sleep in a sample of university students and the role of psychological assessment and factors affecting sleep (alcohol intake, tobacco, consumption of stimulant drinks, exercise, and body mass index). We also aimed to shed new light on the associations between sleep quality and salivary inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα). Sleep quality was measured with the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Perceived stress was assessed using Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and the Goldberg Anxiety and Depression Scale (GADS) was used to assess the level of anxiety or depression. Perceived health status was measured with a visual analogue. Saliva samples was taken in the morning and the inflammatory cytokines was measured via enzyme-linked immunoassay. There was a direct and significant association between the salivary IL-1β concentration and AIS score (r = 0.248; p = 0.038, Pearson correlation) and Pittsburgh scale score (r = 0.274; p = 0.022, Pearson correlation). The relationship between IL-1β and AIS controlling for sex, age, and chronic disease, is still significant (r = 0.260; p = 0.033). The relationship between IL-1β and PSQI controlling for the influence of these variables is also significant (r = 0.279; p = 0.022). Salivary IL-1β concentrations were not significantly associated with any of the scores of the other psychological assessments (PSS, anxiety, depression symptoms, or self-perceived health). Salivary TNFα was significantly and inversely associated with self-perceived health (r = −0.259; p = 0.033, Pearson correlation), but the salivary IL-6 concentration was not associated with any of the sleep quality scale or psychological assessment scores. Our results provide a novel relationship between pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β in saliva and poor sleep quality. However, the role of inflammation in poor sleep quality requires further study to identify strategies that could lower inflammation and thus, likely improve sleep quality
Determination of energy level alignment at metal/molecule interfaces by in-device electrical spectroscopy
No full textThe energetics of metal/molecular semiconductor interfaces plays a fundamental role in organic electronics, determining the performance of very diverse devices. So far, information about the energy level alignment has been most commonly gained by spectroscopy techniques that typically require experimental conditions far from the real device operation. Here we demonstrate that a simple three-terminal device allows the acquisition of spectroscopic information about the metal/molecule energy alignment in real operative condition. As a proof of principle, we employ the proposed device to measure the energy barrier height between different clean metals and C60 molecules and we recover typical results from photoemission spectroscopy. The device is designed to inject a hot electron current directly into the molecular level devoted to charge transport, disentangling the contributions of both the interface and the bulk to the device total resistance, with important implications for spintronics and low-temperature physics
Percepción de las clases virtuales durante el COVID-19 en el alumnado panameño con necesidades educativas especiales
No full textLa utilización de la tecnología en los entornos educativos se incrementó en los procesos de enseñanza y de aprendizaje. Este estudio planea conocer la percepción de las clases virtuales en el alumnado especial panameño del nivel primario durante el COVID-19, para lo cual se diseñó y validó un cuestionario aplicado a un total de 38 personas que ejercen roles de dirección en las 19 sedes del Instituto Panameño de Habilitación Especial de la República de Panamá y de liderazgo en los Comité de Padres/Madres de Familia. Los resultados ponen en evidencian que el uso de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación para el aprendizaje de la población con necesidades educativas especiales, es bien aceptado, dado que brinda la oportunidad de reducir distancias y la utilización de técnicas pedagógicas lúdicas, adaptables y flexibles.--- The use of technology in educational environments increased in the teaching and learning processes. This study plans to know the perception of virtual classes in Panamanian special students at the primary level during COVID-19, for which a questionnaire was designed and validated and applied to a total of 38 people who exercise leadership roles in the 19 headquarters of the Panamanian Institute for Special Education of the Republic of Panama and leadership in the Parents' Committees. The results show that the use of information and communication technologies for learning by the population with special educational needs is well accepted, since it provides the opportunity to reduce distances and the use of playful, adaptable and flexible pedagogical techniques
Reconstruction of pile‑up events using a one‑dimensional convolutional autoencoder for the NEDA detector array
No full textPulse pile-up is a problem in nuclear spectroscopy and nuclear reaction studies that occurs when two pulses overlap and distort each other, degrading the quality of energy and timing information. Different methods have been used for pile-up rejection, both digital and analogue, but some pile-up events may contain pulses of interest and need to be reconstructed. The paper proposes a new method for reconstructing pile-up events acquired with a neutron detector array (NEDA) using an one-dimensional convolutional autoencoder (1D-CAE). The datasets for training and testing the 1D-CAE are created from data acquired from the NEDA. The new pile-up signal reconstruction method is evaluated from the point of view of how similar the reconstructed signals are to the original ones. Furthermore, it is analysed considering the result of the neutrongamma discrimination based on charge comparison, comparing the result obtained from original and reconstructed signals
Prevalencia y factores asociados al uso problemático del smartphone en estudiantes universitarios de Honduras
Full text linkEl uso de las Tecnologías de la Información y de la Comunicación (TIC) se ha incrementado exponencialmente provocando cambios vertiginosos en la sociedad, ha cambiado nuestra manera de comunicarnos, socializarnos, buscar información o incluso divertirnos, sin embargo, su utilización incontrolada, conocida como uso problemático del smartphone (UPS) se ha asociado a numerosas consecuencias negativas. Por ello, el objetivo general de este trabajo es calcular la prevalencia del UPS en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios hondureños y examinar los potenciales correlatos sociodemográficos y de personalidad. La muestra del presente estudio tiene un total de 791 estudiantes de la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional Francisco Morazán de Honduras (77.2% de mujeres) con una edad media de 26.29 años. Se llevaron a cabo análisis descriptivos, correlacionales y comparativos con el programa SPSS 28.0. Los resultados muestran una prevalencia del UPS del 19.97% y que tanto los factores de personalidad de los Cinco Grandes como la autoestima se asocian con esta conducta. En conclusión, el presente estudio es el primero en establecer la prevalencia del UPS en estudiantes universitarios hondureños. Estos resultados pueden tener implicaciones significativas a la hora de desarrollar políticas para reducir el uso excesivo de nuevas tecnologías en este grupo de riesgo
Hacia una historia del Cooperativismo y Economía Social en España y Latinoamérica
No full textEl monográfico que ahora presentamos, sobre "Historia del Cooperativismo y de la Economía Social en España y Latinoamérica", forma parte de un proyecto muy especial y más amplio. Este es el primer número, de la revista CIRIEC-jurídica, que bajo la dirección de Felipe Palau se publica. Por otra parte, la propuesta de un grupo de trabajo de historia ha sido recibida con gran entusiasmo por investigadoras e investigadores de diversos sectores y disciplinas. El equipo que hace posible este proyecto está compuesto por cerca de 30 personas, que aportan sus experiencias y conocimientos en el campo del cooperativismo y la economía social
COVID-19 and Soccer Teams on Instagram: The Case of Corporate Social Responsibility
No full textCOVID-19 has given greater importance to the role of social media in sport, making it an essential way for fans to stay "in touch" with their teams. At the same time, the pandemic triggered additional actions from sport entities with the view to prove their commitment to society in an unprecedented moment of crisis. Professional team sport organizations have indeed initiated corporate social responsibility actions to collaborate in the fight against COVID-19. To explore these actions, the authors analyzed 3,906 posts on the official Instagram profiles of professional team sport organizations of La Liga (soccer, Spain), from March 11 to May 11, 2020, classifying them as philanthropic, sponsorship, or personnel engagement actions. The role of corporate social responsibility in a time of crisis and the potential of social media as a corporate social responsibility communication channel was also discusse
Resiliencia cognitiva en acción: evaluación y aplicación de protocolos mentales en el método BRICPOL para la defensa policial
Full text linkEn el presente artículo se analiza la importancia de las conductas automatizadas en la defensa policial y su impacto en la eficacia operativa de los agentes. Partiendo del modelo de intervención Bricpol, se destaca cómo la automatización de ciertas respuestas conductuales puede potenciar las habilidades cognitivas de los policías al minimizar el ruido en la toma de decisiones. El modelo Bricpol, conocido por su enfoque estructurado y sistemático en la formación de agentes, enfatiza la repetición y la práctica constante de técnicas específicas hasta que estas se vuelven automáticas. Este proceso permite a los agentes responder de manera eficiente y efectiva en situaciones de alta presión, mejorando la precisión y la rapidez de sus acciones. Además, se aborda cómo la reducción del esfuerzo cognitivo en la ejecución de movimientos automatizados libera recursos mentales, lo que facilita una mejor evaluación de la situación y una toma de decisiones más acertada. Los resultados sugieren que la implementación de conductas automatizadas no solo optimiza la defensafísica sino que, también, mejora la capacidad global de los agentes para gestionar incidentes críticos, contribuyendo así a una labor policial más eficaz y segura
Writing a report - B2 level
No full textThis document outlines the essential functional language and structure for writing a B2-level report
Due protection of people on vulnerable situations in the Spanish strategy of humanitarian diplomacy
Full text linkThe Spanish Strategy of Humanitarian Diplomacy, approved in 2023, could be a turning point for the Kingdom of Spain. One of the reasons for this statement is that it has been given a human face. By human face we mean starting from the consideration that we are different and that this diversity must be addressed from all perspectives, including, of course, the law and at the same time, give it visibility. Otherwise, as in other cases, equal treatment could lead to indirect discrimination. In this regard, it is a novelty in this area to recognize that persons with disabilities, children, adolescents and women, among other persons in vulnerability situations, require specific attention. In other words, due attention and protection so as not to leave anyone behind