University of Valencia
Repositori d'Objectes Digitals per a l'Ensenyament la Recerca i la CulturaNot a member yet
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La revalorización de la edad del saber
No full textVivimos en la era de la desinformación, del culto a la ignorancia, del desprecio al esfuerzo, de la fascinación por lo estético. Un escenario en el que se ha alimentado la exclusión de la sabiduría, el tesón y el sacrificio, la invisibilidad de lo distinto y en el que no hay cabida para la arruga, estética y mentalmente. Sin demonizar el momento actual, que tiene fantásticos registros y ofrece muchas oportunidades a quienes las buscan, y saca en momentos de penuria y desgracias lo mejor de los jóvenes, es importante fomentar las fuerzas generacionales, diversas, pero integrables, asimétricas, pero efectivas, y saber volver a lo que algunas culturas no occidentales nunca olvidaron, que la experiencia y la sabiduría no se improvisa, sino que se alcanza y ofrece una riqueza incalculable para las generaciones venideras. Revalorizar la edad del saber requiere cambio de valores, lucha contra el edadismo e integración generacional
Three decades of research on social economy public policies. Further insights for government policies on cooperatives, nonprofit entities and social enterprises
Full text linkThe aim of this article is to provide an overview of the scientific literature focused on the government policies fostering the social economy, including cooperatives and non-profit organizations, published in recent decades. For this analysis, a research matrix with heuristic capacity is used to capture the key dimensions that characterize these policies. The concept of social economy policy is addressed, along with the rationale behind the deployment of these policies and the main policy models that have been implemented. It investigates who the actors responsible for their activation and implementation are, what the main instruments of these policies are, what governance and management models they use, what organizational and institutional adaptation of social economy policies is required, how these policies should be evaluated, what factors contribute to the success or reduce the effectiveness of these social economy policies, and the continuity of these policies over time, in particular their political and financial sustainability. Finally, in light of the research already carried out, new lines of future research are proposed
The new generation of public policies for the social economy, a new policy straddling social, labour, industrial, and territorial policies. An overview
No full textA new generation of public policies to promote the social economy has been promoted over the last fifteen years by governments on different continents. These policies have been deployed in a context of changes in the way government action is carried out towards more participatory models and a revaluation of the social economy as a sustainable and inclusive economic alternative. These policies are characterised by their cross-cutting approach, overcoming the traditional fragmentation of the social economy sector, by pursuing multiple objectives and systemic transition, by emphasising public-private collaboration both in the way policies are formulated and in their implementation, and by using specific instruments such as support strategies, spaces for concertation and legislative advances. This paper shows how numerous European countries have implemented multi-year plans to promote the social economy and have passed specific legislation for its development. However, these policies face challenges such as institutional rigidity and resistance, as well as the challenge of their survival, overcoming issues linked to political cycles and the stability of alliance
Broadband photoluminescent quantum yield optimisation of Er3+-doped β-NaYF4 for upconversion in silicon solar cells
No full textUpconversion is a promising technique for harvesting sub-band-gap photons in photovoltaic devices. In this work, the optimum erbium (Er3+) doping within the efficient upconverting host material hexagonal sodium yttrium fluoride (β-NaYF4) is investigated for a wide range of irradiance values and under broadband excitation (80±1 nm). Measurements of the internal photoluminescent quantum yield (iPLQY) have been conducted over two orders of magnitude in irradiance, the corresponding solar concentrations characterised, and the external photoluminescent quantum yield (ePLQY) determined. The iPLQY measurements required calibration due to overlap of absorption and re-emission in the range of 1450-1600 nm. The highest iPLQY was for 20% Er3+ with a value of 10.7±1.2% and a normalised efficiency of (5.43±0.90)×10−4 cm2 W−1 at an irradiance of 1.97±0.24 MW m−2 ((108±13)×103 Suns). More importantly for application to silicon solar cells, the highest ePLQY was for 25% Er3+ and was measured to be 6.6±0.7% ((3.35±0.56)×10−4 cm2 W−1), which agrees well with monochromatic investigations. The 25% Er3+ sample was shown to be more efficient due to an anomalous increase and broadening of the absorption in comparison to lower concentrations. Furthermore, energy transfer mechanisms are proposed for the reduced efficiency of higher concentrations and depletion of the upconversion luminescence
El (re)descubrimiento del sujeto y el análisis de las experiencias. Nuevos enfoques transdisciplinares al estudio de la guerra civil y la posguerra
No full textEl argumento central que desarrolla el presente artículo es que algunos de los principales avances que se han producido en la historiografía focalizada en el estudio de la guerra civil y la dictadura franquista han venido propiciados por el diálogo interdisciplinar mantenido con las vecinas ciencias sociales. En concreto, el interés recae en lo que parece estar siendo un (re)descubrimiento del sujeto y una atención renovada por las experiencias y la agencia de los individuos dentro de los análisis del periodo de guerra y franquismo. En consecuencia, el artículo propone la hipótesis de que es, precisamente, en este interés por los sujetos donde puede seguir produciéndose un fructífero diálogo entre disciplinas, ilustrándolo con algunos ejemplos destacados de perspectivas y giros recientes que, desde terrenos interdisciplinares y a partir de los sujetos, están proponiendo nuevas formas de comprender la guerra y la dictadura
The role of generativity in later life in the case of productive activities: Does the type of active aging activity matter?
No full textActive aging has been associated with both personal and social benefits. However, active aging encompasses a broad range of activities, including self-oriented and community- oriented ones. The aim of this study was to explore to what extent generativity is a key factor in differentiating between both types of activity, and to contribute to the theoretical and methodological literature on generativity as a multidimensional concept relevant to later life participation in certain activities related to an active style of living. A sample of 549 older adults who engaged in two types of self-oriented activity (leisure activities and students of University of the Third Age programs) and two types of community-oriented activity (formal volunteering and political activism) participated in this study. Following a mixed-method strategy, we administered several qualitative and quantitative measures of generativity, including generative concern, generative goals, and perceived cultural demand. Our results showed that participants who engaged in self-oriented and community-oriented activities differed on all dimensions of generativity. Differences in generativity were particularly high regarding cultural demand and future generative goals, which were far more frequently mentioned by political activists and volunteers than by university of the third age students and those pursuing leisure activities. Overall, our findings suggest that generativity plays a role in older adults' participation in some (but not all) active aging activities in later life, and that our understanding of generativity in later life gains from a multidimensional assessment of the concept
Comparación de un programa de ejercicio intradiálisis frente a ejercicio domiciliario sobre capacidad física funcional y nivel de actividad física
No full textIntroducción: El ejercicio durante la hemodiálisis es beneficioso, aunque son pocas las unidades de hemodiálisis que ofrecen un programa de ejercicio adaptado a estos pacientes. Por ello es necesario encontrar alternativas más económicas para realizar ejercicio. El objetivo es comparar los efectos de un programa de ejercicio intradiálisis frente a ejercicio domiciliario, sobre la adherencia al programa, la capacidad física funcional y el nivel de actividad física. Métodos: 17 pacientes en hemodiálisis de un centro de Valencia fueron aleatorizados dividiéndoles en un grupo de ejercicio intradiálisis (n=9) y un grupo domiciliario (n=8). Ambos programas incluían ejercicio aeróbico y de fuerza durante 4 meses. Se valoró una amplia batería de pruebas funcionales (Short Physical Performance Battery, equilibrio monopodal, Timed Up and Go, Sit To Stand to sit test 10 y 60, dinamometría de mano, fuerza de tríceps, 6 minutos marcha) y dos cuestionarios de nivel de actividad física (Human Activity Profile y Physical Activity Scale for Elderly). Resultados: 2 pacientes del grupo intradiálisis y 5 pacientes de ejercicio domiciliario finalizaron el programa y fueron analizados. Se observó un efecto significativo del factor tiempo en el caso del Human Activity Profile (P<.017). En las pruebas funcionales no se encontró ninguna diferencia significativa. En cuanto a la adherencia al ejercicio los pacientes del grupo intradiálisis cumplieron el 92.7% y el grupo domiciliario el 68.7% del total de las sesiones. Conclusiones: En ambos grupos se observa un aumento del nivel de actividad física. Sin embargo, es necesario modificar factores, tanto en el personal sanitario como en los propios pacientes, para conseguir mayor adherencia a los programas de ejercicio
A Theoretical analysis of the intrinsic light-harvesting properties of xanthopterin
No full textBelonging to the family of pterins, which are common chromophores in several bio-organisms, xanthopterin has been shown experimentally (Plotkin et al., 2010) to have the ability of acting as a light-harvesting molecule. In the present study, multiconfigurational second-order perturbation theory is used to determine the stability of distinct amino/imino and lactam/lactim tautomers and the absorption and emission spectroscopic characteristics, electron donor and acceptor properties and the electron and charge transfer efficiencies via π-stacking. The lactam-lactam form 3H5H (and in a lesser extent 1H5H) is predicted to have the most appropriate intrinsic characteristics for the light-harvesting properties of xanthopterin, since it is the most stable isomer predicted for the gas phase and estimated for polar environments, absorbs solar light at longer wave lengths, has relatively low donor properties and the presence of the keto groups, instead of enol, increases the efficiency for energy transfer through excimer-like interactions
Circadian Variations and Associated Factors in Patients with Ischaemic Heart Disease
No full textCircadian rhythms have been identified in cardiovascular diseases, and cardiovascular risk factors can modify the circadian rhythm. The purpose of this study was to describe the onset of ischaemic heart disease symptomatology in relation to the date and time, the day of the week of presentation, the season, AMI location and severity and the level of influence of individual patient characteristics in a retrospective cross-sectional study involving 244 ischaemic heart disease patients from the intensive care unit of La Ribera Hospital (Spain). The onset of pain was more frequent in the morning, the season with the highest frequency of ischaemic events was winter, and the lowest incidence was during weekends. Regarding the severity of ischaemic heart disease, the circadian rhythm variables of weekdays vs. weekends and seasons did not show a significant association. The length of hospital stay was associated with the onset of pain in the afternoon. The onset of pain at night was associated with the subendocardial location of the infarction. In conclusion, living in a Mediterranean country, the Spanish population showed a circadian pattern of AMI, where the onset of pain has an influence on AMI location and on the length of hospital stay and is the same in patients with different individual risk factors
Endothelial toxicity of Ceftazidime in anterior chamber irrigation solution
No full textDue to the high toxicity of aminoglycoside antibiotics, many authors prefer to use third generation cephalosporines in the prophylaxis and treatment of intraocular infections. The aim of the present study was to determine safe ceftazidime levels in anterior chamber irrigation solution. Twenty-two eyes of 12 white New Zealand rabbits were divided into six groups of two animals each. Double paracentesis was performed in both eyes, irrigating the right eye with 250 ml of BSS-Plus (BSS+) solution, and the left eye with 250 ml of BSS+ solution with increasing concentrations of ceftazidime (2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 mg ml−1). Each rabbit was killed at the end of surgery, except the last group, which received BSS+ and BSS+ with 8 mg ml−1of ceftazidime, respectively, in one eye, and were then killed 24 hr later. Endothelial lesions were assessed by silver nitrate staining. We considered lesions endothelial silver affinity ranging from minimal (1-2+) to intense (3-4+). 1-2+ silver affinity was found in 4±1.35% of endothelial cells in the controls; this percentage in turn increased with antibiotic concentration (6.1±1.13%, 6.7±0.4%, 7.2±1.36%, 7.3±1.93% and 7.5±1.83%, respectively). The percentage of 3-4+ silver affinity was 0.18±0.17% in the controls, and likewise increased with antibiotic concentration (0.22±0.11%, 0.37±0.09%, 2.8±0.63% and 3.1±0.46%, respectively). The increase in affinity was greatest up to the 4 mg ml-1concentration. In the last group there were zones of endothelial alterations in morphology and size, with signs of attempted repair in the eye treated with antibiotic, but none in the case treated only with BSS+. Ceftazidime concentrations above 3 mg ml−1in intraocular infusions induce endothelial cell toxicity