79717 research outputs found
Sort by
Effect of Exposure to Body-Based Imagery on Weight Bias and Body Image Satisfaction in College Students
Get PDFThis study examined the effect of exposure to fat positive exercise images as well as stereotypical fat imagery and stereotypical thin exercise images on participants’ self-reported weight bias and body image. The study hypothesized that participants exposed to fat positive imagery would exhibit less social distance, fat phobia, and internalized weight bias, along with better body image satisfaction than those exposed to stereotypical or thin imagery. Following randomized exposure to one of four experimental conditions (Fat Positive-No Text, Fat Positive-Text, Stereotypical Fat, and Thin), 185 participants (137 females, 44 males, and 4 non-binary individuals) completed questionnaires assessing social distance, body image state, fat phobia, and internal weight bias. Analyses revealed no significant differences among the four experimental conditions on any of the dependent variables; however, the mean scores on the measures of social distance, body image satisfaction, fat phobia, and internal weight bias trended in the expected directions for the Fat Positive-Text condition. The lack of statistical significance may be due to the small sample size and certain qualities of the relatively homogeneous sample population that need to be addressed in future studies. Nevertheless, the results suggest that additional research on this topic should be conducted.Keywords: body image, fat phobia, psychology, Weight bias, media, fat studies, exerciseKeywords: body image, fat phobia, psychology, Weight bias, media, fat studies, exercis
BakerCScottFisheriesWildlifeResurrectionMesoplodonHotaula_TablesS1-S5.docx
No full textWe present genetic and morphological evidence supporting the recognition of a
previously synonymized species of Mesoplodon beaked whale in the tropical Indo-Pacific,
Mesoplodon hotaula. Although the new species is closely-related to the rare
ginkgo-toothed beaked whale M. ginkgodens, we show that these two lineages can be
differentiated by maternally (mitochondrial DNA), biparentally (autosomal), and
paternally (Y chromosome) inherited DNA sequences, as well as by morphological
features. The reciprocal monophyly of the mtDNA genealogies and the largely
parapatric distribution of these lineages is consistent with reproductive isolation.
The new lineage is currently known from at least seven specimens: Sri Lanka (1),
Gilbert Islands, Republic of Kiribati (1+), Palmyra Atoll, Northern Line Islands,
U.S.A. (3), Maldives (1), and Seychelles (1). The type specimen (Sri Lanka) was
described as a new species, M. hotaula, in 1963, but later synonymized with M. ginkgodens.
This discovery brings the total number of Mesoplodon species to 15, making it,
by far, the most speciose yet least known genus of cetaceans.Keywords: Speciation, Species delimitation, Taxonomy, Nuclear introns, Y-chromosome, Morphology, Mesoplodon, Beaked whale, mtDNAKeywords: Speciation, Species delimitation, Taxonomy, Nuclear introns, Y-chromosome, Morphology, Mesoplodon, Beaked whale, mtDNAKeywords: Speciation, Species delimitation, Taxonomy, Nuclear introns, Y-chromosome, Morphology, Mesoplodon, Beaked whale, mtDNAKeywords: Speciation, Species delimitation, Taxonomy, Nuclear introns, Y-chromosome, Morphology, Mesoplodon, Beaked whale, mtDN
Strong maternal fidelity and natal philopatry shape genetic structure in North Pacific humpback whales
Get PDFWe quantified the relative influence of maternal fidelity to feeding grounds and natal
fidelity to breeding grounds on the population structure of humpback whales Megaptera novae-angliae based on an ocean-wide survey of mitochondrial (mt) DNA diversity in the North Pacific.
For 2193 biopsy samples collected from whales in 10 feeding regions and 8 breeding regions during
the winter and summer of 2004 to 2006, we first used microsatellite genotyping (average,
9.5 loci) to identify replicate samples. From sequences of the mtDNA control region (500 bp) we
identified 28 unique haplotypes from 30 variable sites. Haplotype frequencies differed markedly
among feeding regions (overall F[subscript ST] = 0.121, Φ[subscript ST] = 0.178, p < 0.0001), supporting previous evidence
of strong maternal fidelity. Haplotype frequencies also differed markedly among breeding regions
(overall F[subscript ST] = 0.093, Φ[subscript ST] = 0.106, p < 0.0001), providing evidence of strong natal fidelity. Although
sex-biased dispersal was not evident, differentiation of microsatellite allele frequencies was weak
compared to differentiation of mtDNA haplotypes, suggesting male-biased gene flow. Feeding
and breeding regions showed significant differences in haplotype frequencies, even for regions
known to be strongly connected by patterns of individual migration. Thus, the influence of migratory
fidelity seems to operate somewhat independently on feeding and breeding grounds over an
evolutionary time scale. This results in a complex population structure and the potential to define
multiple units to conserve in either seasonal habitat.Keywords: Microsatellite genotypes, mtDNA, Genetic management units, MigrationKeywords: Microsatellite genotypes, mtDNA, Genetic management units, Migratio
DSCF2823.JPG
No full textMs Pierszalowski, a graduate student at Oregon State University’s Cetacean Conservation Genetics Lab, was hired by the Baranov Museum (Kodiak Historical Society) to analyze the America Pacific Whaling Company's Weekly Manufacturing Log. This log accounted for 10 years of commercial whaling out of Port Hobron, from 1926-1937 including the whaling excursions of its catcher vessels, the number and species of whales hunted each day, and the amount of whale products created at the shore processing facility. The report describes the operations of the station, the whales caught, tanks charged, whale oil produced, sperm oil produced, fertilizer produced, gill bone, and whale tail packed
CaiC239SMutationBetaTubulin.pdf
No full textZoxamide is the sole β-tubulin inhibitor registered for the control of oomycete pathogens. The current study investigated the activity of zoxamide against Phytophthora sojae and baseline sensitivity was established with a mean EC₅₀ of 0.048 μg/ml. The data is critical for monitoring changes in zoxamide-sensitivity in the field. Three stable resistant mutants with a high resistance level were obtained by selection on zoxamide amended media. Although the development of resistance occurred at a low frequency, there were no apparent fitness penalty in the acquired mutants in terms of growth rate, sporulation, germination and pathogenicity. Based on the biological profiles and low mutagenesis rate, the resistance risk of P. sojae to zoxamide can be estimated as low to medium. Further investigation revealed all the zoxamide-resistant mutants had a point mutation of C239S in their β-tubulin. Zoxamide also exhibited high activity against most species from the genus Pythium in which only Pythium aphanidermatum was found naturally resistant to zoxamide and harboring the natural point mutation S239 in the β-tubulin. Back-transformation in P. sojae with the mutated allele (S239) confirmed the C239S mutation can induce resistance to zoxamide, and the resistance level was positively related to the expression level of the mutated gene. In contrast, the overexpression of the wild type gene was unable to cause zoxamide resistance. It is the first report on the resistance molecular mechanism of zoxamide in oomycetes. Based on our study, C239 is supposed to be a key target site of zoxamide, which distinguishes zoxamide from benzimidazoles and accounts for its low resistance risk. The result can provide advice on the design of new β-tubulin inhibitors in future.Keywords: molecular mechanism of resistance, oomycetes, resistance risk, zoxamide, beta-tubulin inhibitor, C239SKeywords: molecular mechanism of resistance, oomycetes, resistance risk, zoxamide, beta-tubulin inhibitor, C239
Strengthening Oregon’s Community Lifelines : Adapting PM-Prep for Disaster Preparedness in Economically Disadvantaged Populations
No full textDespite evidence supporting disaster preparedness, many low-income older adults have not taken steps to prepare. As Baby Boomer populations are rising quickly, and poverty rates for older Oregonians increase, urgent measures are necessary. These individuals face challenges, including mobility issues, social isolation, and lack of transportation, which can delay their ability to respond to natural disasters. The Marion County Older Adult Preparedness Program (MC-OAPP) adapts and implements the Peer Mentored Preparedness (PM-Prep) program, specifically targeting low-income older adults (65+) living independently in Marion County, Oregon. A phased pilot approach will be used, starting with recruiting and training community leaders, and peer mentors, and preparing physical spaces and equipment to implement the program, before expanding to the broader older adult population. A repeated measures design will be used to measure and evaluate the effectiveness of the MC-OAPP from 2025-2026, using pre and posttests, and follow-up assessments to assess the impact of the program over 12 months. The initiative aims to increase disaster preparedness knowledge and behaviors through four comprehensive 2-hour classes. These sessions focus on emergency planning, emergency supplies, evacuation procedures, communication strategies, safety and shelter, and health and medical needs. The program incorporates culturally and linguistically adapted materials, grounded in Social Cognitive Theory, to accommodate sensory limitations and involve providers experienced in age-related issues. By boosting self-efficacy, and community resilience, the MCOAPP strives to reduce vulnerability to natural disasters for Oregon seniors
Experimental evaluation of end-notched glulam beams and comparison with international design standards
No full textNotched glulam beams are widely used in practice in cases of limited construction height at the support, to provide lateral stability, to support inclined members, or for joint details. By notching the tension side of a beam, stress concentrations are introduced around the notch due to the abrupt reduction in cross-sectional area. Stress concentrations may lead to crack initiation and subsequent propagation, thereby limiting the load-carrying capacity of the beam. Strength-improvement techniques around notches are still nascent but are of interest as they may limit the effects of crack initiation and improve structural performance. Current design provisions in the US are highly restrictive, based on empirical tests of solid-sawn lumber reported in 1935, and do not include provisions for strengthening notches. In addition, modern manufacturing processes can now achieve very large glulam beam sizes which provides additional uncertainty in the application of present design methods.
In this study, experimental tests were performed on tension-side end-notched glulam beams. Three (3) test variables were considered: reinforced, kerfed, and control conditions. A total of 48 tests were performed on Douglas-Fir/ Larch glulam beams. Specimen cross-section width ranged from 265.11 mm to 327.03 mm and heights ranged from 377.83 mm to 609.60 mm. Specimens were grouped into six (6) configurations, with eight (8) tests per group: Control-10%, Control-25%, Control-50%, Reinforced-25%, Reinforced-50%, and Kerfed-25% where the percentage represents the notch depth relative to the total specimen height. Control specimens were used as a reference for assessing the influences of the addition of self-tapping screw (STS) reinforcement and the addition of kerf cuts along the tension face to mimic a tapered notch. Specimens were notched on one end and tested in three (3) point bending with simple supports. Key performance data were recorded, including crack initiation load, peak load, midspan deflection, and deformations around the notch. Pullout tests of individual STS were also conducted.
The observed dominant failure mode was crack initiation and propagation perpendicular to grain, originating from the notch corner. Shear strengths of the kerfed and reinforced specimens were substantially larger than the control groups. STS reinforced specimens had a shear strength increase of approximately 50% compared to the control specimens for both 25% and 50% notches. The kerfed specimens exhibited shear strength increase of 27.7% for 25% notches. The experimental results were also compared to predicted capacity using the current National Design Specifications (NDS) and other available international codes. Overall, the results show a need for a reinforcement provision in the NDS to permit increases in design strength of notched glulam beams. Comparisons of observed and predicted strength showed that, on average, the NDS was unconservative for the smaller notch sizes while the European code (EN 1995) was conservative and within 20% across all notch sizes
It's not magic! From stars and sparkles to critical AI literacy
No full textClosing keynote presentation slides from the 2025 AI4Libraries Conference
Seasonal dynamics of macroinvertebrates assemblages in agricultural channels and their responses to cleaning
No full textAgricultural channels provide essential drainage and irrigation functions but require periodic cleaning to maintain hydraulic capacity. Such maintenance, which involves sediment and vegetation removal, can alter benthic habitats and disrupt aquatic communities. This study examined aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblages in eight agricultural channels of Oregon’s Willamette Valley from 2021 to 2024, with a focus on seasonal dynamics and responses to channel cleaning. Benthic sampling across wet-season phases (early, middle, late) was combined with diversity indices (Shannon, Simpson), ordination analyses (NMDS), beta diversity partitioning, and PERMANOVA to assess changes in abundance and community structure. Results showed consistently higher macroinvertebrate abundance and diversity during the late wet season, coinciding with stabilized hydrology and favorable habitat conditions. Core groups such as Oligochaeta, Nematoda, Ostracoda, Orthocladiinae, and Chironomidae persisted across years, underscoring their resilience in disturbance-prone environments. Uncleaned reference channels exhibited relatively stable and predictable seasonal patterns, whereas cleaned channels showed reduced diversity, increased species turnover, and disrupted seasonal structuring in the early and middle phases following disturbance. Nonetheless, signs of recovery were evident within one-year post-cleaning, with convergence toward pre-disturbance community composition. Beta diversity analyses suggested that recovery was supported by colonization from upstream habitats, while dispersion analyses indicated greater variability in cleaned channels. These findings highlight the importance of timing and site-specific context in channel maintenance, suggesting that delaying sediment removal until after the late wet season may minimize ecological impacts. Incorporating macroinvertebrate monitoring into channel management can improve the balance between agricultural drainage efficiency and biodiversity conservation in working landscapes
Geospatial frameworks for predicting the distribution of keystone aquatic invaders : local to global implications
No full textBiological invasions can profoundly alter ecosystems, particularly when invaders hold the potential to exert disproportionate effects on occupied environments (sensu keystone species). However, addressing the spatial-temporal extent of invasions and generating actionable insights for their management remains a significant challenge for ecologists. Here, I offer a suite of spatially explicit computational models to gauge the risks associated with introducing species, focusing on the interplay between species-specific, environmental, and human drivers of invasions. I apply these models across various regions and species, emphasizing salmonids. Firstly, I assess the environmental resistance to invasions of non-native Pacific salmon and North American beavers in Patagonia through a novel implementation of the Habitat Intrinsic Potential model, modified to address multiple life stages. Secondly, I study two major Atlantic salmon escapes from aquaculture facilities in the Pacific regions of North and South America, leveraging them as natural experiments of post-escape dispersal and use of potential habitats within neighboring river systems. Thirdly, using a pioneering ecophysiological model, I map potential marine habitats for three salmon species presenting mixed success in the Southern Hemisphere (Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, coho salmon O. kisutch, and Atlantic salmon Salmo salar) and test hypothesized roles of the marine environment in shaping invasion outcomes. Our findings underscore the complex interplay of environmental and species-specific factors governing spatial-temporal dynamics of non-native aquatic species. Keystone aquatic invaders, such as salmon and beavers, exhibit spatially varied and temporally dynamic distributions driven by heterogeneities in environmental regimes. Regions that offer diverse habitats catering to different life stages, especially in both freshwater and marine settings, were here interpreted as areas of heightened invasion risk. Propagule dispersal upon introduction was considered a crucial determinant of invasion success and management challenges. Lastly, I identify key research avenues that could enhance our understanding and management of such high-risk invasions, emphasizing the importance of systematic field monitoring and strategic interventions. This project integrates principles from fish biology, invasion biology, landscape ecology, and geography, aiming to bridge knowledge gaps hindering the management of high-risk invasions in delicate but data-poor aquatic ecosystems