79717 research outputs found
Sort by
OSU Mother Block Maintenance : 1998-1999
No full textThe introduction of new clones and rootstock varieties has played an important role in the development of the Oregon wine grape industry. The OSU Grapevine Mother Block has been an integral part of this overall vine improvement program providing a readily accessible source of specific pathogen tested grapevine plant material for industry and researchers. Since July 1995, the Department of Horticulture has carried out maintenance of the OSU Grapevine Mother Block at the Lewis Brown Farm, including propagation and maintenance of greenhouse grown stock plants. Additionally, the propagation and distribution of plant material from the Mother Block, previously carried out by the Foundation Seed and Plant Materials Project, is being performed as part of the viticulture research and extension program at OSU. During the 1997-1998 season, approximately 1840 winegrape cuttings (1040 dormant; 800 mist- propagated), and 365 rootstock cuttings (325 dormant; 40 mist-propagated) were distributed to growers in Oregon, Washington, California, and Canada. Additionally, approximately 1200 cuttings were provided to OSU, USDA, UC, and WSU researchers. Under the management of the OSU viticulture program, new clones and rootstock varieties identified to meet specific industry needs or those of researchers are being added to the Mother Block. Fifty-two new grapevine selections have been imported into Oregon from the Centre for plant Health in British Columbia, and Foundation Plant Materials Service in California since July 1995 (Table 1). Pinot blanc, Pinot gris, and Merlot are heavily represented on this list. Clones of these varieties may be included in future clonal evaluation trials in Oregon. Additionally, following an international search, Pinot blanc clones VCR 5 and VCR 7 (Italy), 122 (France), and 10-GM (Germany), and Pinot gris clones Rauscedo 6 (Italy), VCR 5 (Italy), 195-06 and 195-13 (France), and 13 Mf and 34 B1 (Romania) have been identified as clones considered to be most promising for future importation. The Mother Block will continue to provide a source of virus tested grapevine plant material for industry and researchers. During the 1998 season, in collaboration with USDA Plant Pathologist Bob Martin, ongoing virus testing of the Mother Block has continued. The presence of phylloxera in Oregon will eventually necessitate reestablishing the OSU Mother Block with grafted vines. We have begun implementing a plan for carrying this out
Determination of Mesurol (Methiocarb) in Oregon Wines
Get PDFThe following is a report on a limited survey we conducted testing for the presence of Mesurol (Methiocarb) in Oregon wines. This study was undertaken as a result of recent publicity (resulting from testing in British Columbia) concerning the finding of Methiocarb residues in some wines, including Oregon wines; and in response to a WAB request to conduct the study and to review the "status" of Mesurol (1)
Vineyard Acreage in Oregon 1986
Get PDFOregon State University's Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics conducted a winegrape acreage survey in Oregon for the 1986 production year. Winegrape acreage has been increasing dramatically and the Wine Advisory Board (WAB) is interested in keeping track of these changes. In 1981, 1982, and 1984 the Department made surveys of acreage by county for both bearing and nonbearing vineyards. This 1986 survey also asked for information as to the acreage established in 1986, those planned for 1987, and the quantity of grapes sold out of state. This report contains some comparisons made with the data from the other surveys. The data are not directly comparable because some of the vineyards reporting in 1986 are new or different from those reporting in the past. The two-year comparisons are given to provide an indication of the changes taking place in the industry. Although various methods were used to get names and addresses of vineyard operators to include in the survey, all could not be contacted and some did not respond. However, it is our estimate that the numbers included here are estimated to represent 80 percent or more of the established vineyard acreage
Support Funds for Extension Agent in Viticulture for Josephine County [1996-1997]
No full textFor over 14 years there has been a Area Horticultural Extension Agent available to assist winegrape growers in Jackson and Josephine Counties with production problems by conducting educational programs and applied research projects. While the salary for this position is paid by Oregon State University Extension, support funds which pay for travel expenses, an office, office supplies, postage, secretary support, etc. are provided by the county in which the agent works, in tins case Jackson and Josephine Counties. Beginning in 1991 after the passage of Proposition 5, support funds for tins position and others were cut from the Josephine County budget, leaving the county without an extension agent to assist the winegrape industry. In 1991, with the assistance of members of the Rogue Chapter of the Oregon Winegrowers Association, an agreement was made with Josephine County which stated: if Josephine County winegrape growers could provide 3000 needed to support extension winegrape activities, the county would match that amount. A request was made to the Oregon Wine Advisory Board for assistance and the board has provided a grant in the amount of 1500 beginning in 1991 through 1996
Evaluation of New Wine Grape Cultivars for Production Potential in Southern Oregon [1991-1992]
No full textThe immediate objective of this project is to establish a vineyard at the Southern Oregon Experiment Station in which previously untested wine grape cultivars will be evaluated. The ultimate goal is to characterize the production and wine qualitypotential of these cultivars in southern Oregon
Pinot noir Clonal Trials: Misnamed Clones
Get PDFIn 1983, our research group took on the task of answering the question: What are the characteristics of available Pinot noir clones in Oregon? Our main resources in this effort were the OSU Mother Block and two cooperative clonal trials at Knudsen Erath (KE) and Five Mountain Vineyards( 5M). Information we obtained this summer on cluster morphology and leaf types indicates that, in fact, we have been trying to answer a trick question. Apparently, there are vine mixes in the OSU Mother Block and serious numbering errors in both the KE and 5M trials. The information we have released on these trials accurately describes the plant material we evaluated, but that material may have the wrong numbers attached or even be mixed clones. If these apparent errors are real, they have serious consequences both for our research trials and for growers who have propagated vines from the OSU Mother Block, the 5M and KE trials, and the Foundation Plant Materials Service (FPMS) based on our reported results. The following article outlines evidence for this apparent mix-up. We are publishing this preliminary information because there is substantial interest in one of the clones. Propagation of this material should be stopped until the proper identity of all these clones is know
Evaluation of Pinot noir and Chardonnay Clones, 1993 Season
Get PDFWe harvested the first significant crop from the Woodhall clonal trials in 1993. Early results from clonal trials can be misleading but there are differences between clones that are already quite apparent in some cases. Many of the clone types could be readily identified this season by plant growth habit (upright vs. prostrate) and cluster morphology (large and loose cluster types). Clones were more difficult to distinguish within the Pinot fin group of small clustered, prostrate types but in some cases there appeared to be differences in leaf characteristics. We visually rated the clones after set and at first color. UCD 2A, the Wadensville clone, appeared to be the most sensitive clone in the trial to inflorescence necrosis with distinct necrosis symptoms in all four replicates. Many of the clones had no necrosis symptoms. Three clones had earlier color development at veraison: UCD 4 (Pommard), Dijon 115, and Dijon 10/18. Cluster weights were small ranging from 43 to 86 grams with Dijon clones 113, 114, and 115, and UCD 29 having the smallest cluster weights in the trial. UCD 2A, 23, and 17, and Dijon 115 had the highest 'Brix in the trial and clones Dijon 114 and 115 had the lowest TA. Wines were made from only a few of the clones in 1993 (UCD 2A, 4, and 17 and Dijon 113, 114, and 115)(see Evaluation of Winegrapes). This was the first good look we have had at the Dijon clones. These clones have been extensively evaluated in France and their performance under French conditions is well documented. It was reassuring to see that the French descriptions generally held for their performance under Oregon conditions. Pinot noir clones 113, 114 and 115 generally had small clusters and appeared to be typical Pinot fin types. Several of our earlier French introductions were large clustered, very productive types. It will take several years to determine how the Dijon clones compare to the material already planted in Oregon, but the information from France win be very useful in the evaluation process. Chardonnay clones appeared to have more similar plant growth habits and leaf and cluster characteristics than the Pinot noir clones, but there were distinct differences in fruit maturity. Clones UCD 4 and 5, the "108" clones that are widely planted in Oregon, appeared to be later than most of the other clones. They had the largest clusters and the highest yields, which may have contributed some to their late maturity. As an example UCD 4 had 22.6 -Brix, 9.34 TA, and 2.96 pH compared to 24.0 'Brix, 6.11 TA, and 3.10 pH for Dijon 96. The other Dijon clones were similar to 96 as were clones ESP 352. Wines were made from the Dijon clones, UCD 4, and ESP 352. These were promising results. If these differences hold up in the coming years, these clones will offer a considerable improvement over the 108 clones
Sensory Evaluation of Wine From Production and Processing Trials
Get PDFThe major objective of the Sensory Science Laboratory is to support the ongoing enology and viticulture research by providing a means of evaluating juices and wines. For example, if a new viticultural practice is being tested, it is important to document how this practice changes the character of the wine. A panel of motivated judges, trained to identify specific sensory attributes of juice and/or wine, will provide a sensory profile which is an invaluable research aid. This descriptive profile will show exactly how one wine differs from another in sensory characteristics and their intensities. This information coupled with viticulture and enology data will provide a complete evaluation of the wines from any study undertaken. An industry panel of winemakers will meet frequently to review wine research trials and to provide "quality" evaluations of the experimental wines. These judgments will allow us to give qualitative meaning to the differences found by the trained panel
Grape Phylloxera Biology and Management in Oregon
Get PDFGrape phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae), a root-feeding aphid-like insect, is the most important pest of European winegrape vineyards worldwide. They cannot be controlled on infested vines which eventually die. There are currently no satisfactory chemical or biological control methods for this pest; its management throughout the world has been by planting resistant rootstocks and through techniques that seek to limit the rate of spread. Although it has been in California since the mid- I 800s, phylloxera was discovered for the first time in a commercial vineyard in Oregon in 1990 and in Washington in the late 1980s. Seven vineyards are now known to be infested. With over 95 percent of Oregon's 6,000 acres of grapes being own-rooted, susceptible vines, the potential for serious economic loss to the industry is great. Infested vineyards will have to be replanted on grafted vines (resistant rootstock) at a cost of over $1 1,000 per acre for re-planting and years out of production. Rate of spread of this insect within a vineyard is estimated to be 2 times to 4 times in Oregon -- thus at the very least, a 1/8 acre infestation will be I acre in size in 3 years. Phylloxera can be spread from one vineyard to another on infested soil or plant material. The life cycle of this insect varies with location. Our findings indicate the presence of sexual, winged forms in the Pacific Northwest. The relevance of this discovery to viticulture here is unknown but may be important to insect population variability and movement (greatly increase rate of spread). Because distribution of phylloxera in the Pacific Northwest is currently limited, characteristics of its current distribution and movement are necessary to limit movement in the future. Although replanting vineyards on phylloxera resistant rootstock is the long term, preferred and inevitable mechanism for control of the pest, there is a large number of resistant rootstocks to choose from, but none of which have yet been characterized as suitable for production systems in Oregon. Existing phylloxera infestations must be managed to decrease the rate of spread, within and among vineyards. Delaying the need for the industry to replant on resistant rootstock is essential, as growers will have to make educated decisions on what stocks are best for Oregon. Our industry does not want to be faced with having to replant 80 percent of existing vineyards because of inappropriate initial rootstock recommendations, a situation now in effect in California's Napa and Sonoma counties. Research on phylloxera biology, rate of spread, and its association with other pests in Oregon is needed to better manage this insect. We need sufficient time to conduct concurrent research on rootstocks resistant to variations of phylloxera, resistance to other pests such as nematodes and fungal pathogens, and suitability for our viticultural region. Studies on other traits of rootstocks, to provide consistent productivity and quality perfection for Oregon conditions has the potential to make Oregon's change to rootstocks a positive development and an enhancement of long-term competitiveness. Additional information on phylloxera biology, rate of spread, methods to decrease the rate of spread, and rootstocks for Oregon vineyards is available in the Oregon Winegrape Growers' Guide (1992). The objectives of our research were to determine when phylloxera hibernants (over-wintering populations) become active in the spring and how populations change throughout the season. This would not only determine the number of generations a year, but also when spread can begin in the spring. Also, it's important to be able to estimate the rate of spread as accurately as possible so that growers may predict replanting date and the industry can forecast spread within the Oregon. We also wanted to determine whether we have a winged form of phylloxera in Oregon, because this could greatly affect the rate of spread of this pest. Determining the low temperature tolerance of phylloxera found in Oregon is necessary to better estimate number of generations per year and the potential amount of population die- back in cold winters. Finally, we planned to determine the resistance of rootstocks to biotype(s) of phylloxera found in Oregon
Winegrape Variety Trial in Southern Oregon 1993 Season
Get PDFFour year old vines of 18 varieties were cane pruned, trained to a Scott Henry, thinned before veraison, and harvested in October and November 1993. Two of the varieties, Chardonnay and Cabernet Sauvignon, were used as standards. Only four varieties were spur pruned to reduce cropping or cluster size: Dolcetto, Gamay noir, Graciano, and Refosco. All varieties were pruned to 40 nodes per vine except Gamay noir which was left with 20 nodes. Gamay noir vines were trained to 2 arms while all others had 4 arms. Shoot removal and positioning were done after bloom and before seed hardening (lag phase) which occurred 52-67 days after first bloom