Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida
Repositório do ISPANot a member yet
10030 research outputs found
Sort by
A afetividade na relação pedagógica em contexto de jardim de infância
Get PDFRelatório da Prática de Ensino Supervisionada
apresentado no ISPA – Instituto
Universitário para obtenção do grau de Mestre em
Educação Pré-EscolarO presente relatório consiste num estudo sobre a afetividade na relação pedagógica, em
contexto de jardim de infância. Procurou-se investigar de que forma a afetividade na relação
pedagógica influencia o bem-estar emocional das crianças e que estratégias pode o educador
implementar que promovam o desenvolvimento de uma relação afetiva.
Os dados recolhidos referem-se a um grupo composto por 25 crianças, com idades
compreendidas entre os quatro e os seis anos, bem como à respetiva educadora cooperante. A
investigação fundamentou-se numa metodologia qualitativa, fazendo uso da observação, com
recurso a notas de campo e a entrevistas conduzidas tanto com as crianças quanto com a
educadora cooperante. A análise das informações recolhidas foi conduzida em diálogo com a
literatura e com estudos no âmbito da temática.
Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que uma relação pedagógica afetiva promove o
bem-estar emocional das crianças, observando-se um aumento nos níveis de bem-estar à medida
que se intensificam os afetos. Além disso, verificou-se que essa relação contribui positivamente
para as aprendizagens da criança no jardim de infância, principalmente pela motivação que
proporciona na realização de atividades, evidenciando a sua influência no processo educativo e
de aprendizagem. Por fim, foram identificadas estratégias que podem ser aplicadas para que
uma relação pedagógica afetiva potencie a resolução de conflitos, tais como envolver as
crianças na resolução dos mesmos e valorizar os seus sentimentos e frustraçõesABSTRACT: This report presents the findings of a study examining the role of affectivity in the
student-teacher relationship in a kindergarten setting. The objective was to examine the impact
of affectivity in the student-teacher relationship on children's emotional well-being and to
identify strategies that kindergarten teachers can employ to maintain an affective relationship.
The data set comprised a kindergarten cohort of 25 children, aged between four and six
years, and their teacher. The research was based on a qualitative methodology, employing
techniques and instruments such as observation through field notes and interviews with both
the children and the teacher. It was imperative to integrate the data collected with an analysis
of existing literature.
The results obtained demonstrated that an affective pedagogical relationship promotes
children's emotional well-being, with an increase in well-being levels observed as affective
bonds intensify. Furthermore, it was found that this relationship positively contributes to
children’s learning in kindergarten, mainly by motivating them to engage in activities, thus
evidencing its influence on the educational and learning process. Finally, strategies were
identified that can be applied to enhance conflict resolution through an affective pedagogical
relationship, such as involving children in conflict resolution and valuing their feelings and
frustrations.; ; Emotional Well-Being; Early
Childhood Education
Distal supports, capabilities, and growth‐focused recovery: A comparison of Housing First and the staircase continuum of care
No full textAdults who have substantial histories of homelessness and complex support needs
may feel ambivalent about integrating into their communities and find it difficult
to do so. Being familiar to and recognized by others as a resident in a
neighborhood or community are sources of “distal support” that provide
individuals with feelings of belonging to their community and are important to
recovery from homelessness. We hypothesized that individuals engaged with
Housing First (HF) programs would report more distal support than individuals
engaged with traditional homeless services (treatment as usual, TAU), and that
distal support would predict more community integration, growth‐related
recovery, and achieved capabilities. We analyzed data collected from homeless
services users (n = 445) engaged with either HF or TAU in eight European
countries. Measures included achieved capabilities, growth‐focused recovery,
distal supports, and community integration. Serial mediation analyses confirmed
our hypothesis that the effects of HF on growth‐related recovery and achieved
capabilities are indirect, mediated by distal supports and community integration.
Findings are discussed in relation to the importance of modeling the effects of HF
on social and psychological outcomes as indirect and identifying important
mediators that translate the effects of HF components on social and
psychological outcomes. We also note the importance of case management
activities that encourage clients to develop and sustain distal supports with others
who live and work in their neighborhoods.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Perceções de vinculação ao pai e à mãe e vergonha na fase inicial da adolescência
No full textAbstract: Shame results from a set of complex ideas about the self and, when intense and prolonged, may interfere in adolescents’ socioemotional adjustment. Research with young adults found that parent-child attachment was associated with shame. Due to the limited number of studies during adolescence, this study aimed to examine the role of the perceptions of safe haven and secure base in the relationship with the mother and the father in self-reported shame in a sample of adolescents aged 10 to 15 years. A total of 312 adolescents (45% boys) aged, on average, 12 years, recruited from a school of the Metropolitan Lisbon, participated in the study. Participants answered the Portuguese version of the Security Scale Questionnaire (SSQ) and the External and Internal Shame Scale for Adolescents(EVEI-A) to assess perceptions of safe haven and secure base in the relationships with parents and total, internal, and external shame. Higher scores of secure base and safe haven in the relationships with the father and with the mother were associated with self-reports of lower levels of overall, internal, and external shame. The strength of the associations between the scores of safe haven and internal shame tended to be higher for the relationship with the mother than for the relationship with the father. These findings are consistent with research conducted with young adults and highlight the importance of assessing the role of both fathers and mothers as a safe haven and secure base.Perceções de vinculação ao pai e à mãe e vergonha na fase inicial da adolescência Resumo: A vergonha resulta de um conjunto de ideias complexas acerca do eu e, quando intensa e prolongada, pode interferir no ajustamento socioemocional dos adolescentes. A investigação com jovens adultos mostrou que a vinculação aos pais é um dos fatores que se associa com a vergonha. Face à escassez de estudos na adolescência, este estudo teve como objetivo examinar o papel das perceções de porto de abrigo e base segura na relação com o pai e a mãe nos relatos de vergonha numa amostra de adolescentes entre os 10 e 15 anos. Participaram no estudo 312 adolescentes (45% rapazes) que tinham, em média, 12 anos, recrutados numa escola da Região Metropolitana de Lisboa. Os adolescentes responderam à versão portuguesa do Security Scale Questionnaire (SSQ) e à Escala de Vergonha Externa e Interna para Adolescentes (EVEI-A) para avaliar as perceções de porto de abrigo
e base segura na relação com os pais e a vergonha total, interna e externa, respetivamente. Valores mais elevados de base segura e de porto de abrigo na relação com ambos os pais associaram-se significativamente com autorrelatos de menores níveis de vergonha total, interna e externa. A força das associações entre os valores de porto de abrigo e a vergonha interna foi mais acentuada na relação com a mãe do que na relação com o pai. Estes resultados são consistentes com a investigação conduzida com jovens adultos e reforçam a importância de avaliar o papel do pai e da mãe enquanto base segura e porto de abrigo.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Coastal connectivity of marine predators over the Patagonian Shelf during the highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreak
Get PDFAnimal movement and population connectivity are key areas of uncertainty in efforts to understand and predict the spread of infectious disease. The emergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in South America poses a significant threat to globally significant populations of colonial breeding marine predators in the South Atlantic. Yet, there is a poor understanding of which species or migratory pathways may facilitate disease spread. Compiling one of the largest available animal tracking datasets in the South Atlantic, we examine connectivity and inter-population mixing for colonial breeding marine predators tagged at the Falkland Islands. We reveal extensive connectivity for three regionally dominant and gregarious species over the Patagonian Shelf. Black-browed albatrosses (BBA), South American fur seals (SAFS) and Magellanic penguins (MAG) used coastal waters along the Atlantic coast of South America (Argentina and Uruguay). These behaviours were recorded at or in close proximity to breeding colonies and haul-out areas with dense aggregations of marine predators. Transit times to and from the Falkland Islands to the continental coast ranged from 0.2–70 days, with 84% of animals making this transit within 4 days - a conservative estimate for HPAI infectious period. Our findings demonstrate BBA, SAFS and MAG connectivity between the Falkland Islands and mainland South America over an expansive spatial network and numerous pathways, which has implications for infectious disease persistence, transmission and spread. This information is vital in supporting HPAI disease surveillance, risk assessment and marine management efforts across the region.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Is suicidal intent present when adolescents engage in non-suicidal self-injury? A research note
No full textIntroduction
Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicidal behavior (SB) co-occur and are usually framed in a self-harm continuum, being differentiated according to several factors, including suicidal intent (SI). The current study aims to clarify if SI is present when adolescents engage in NSSI and, in addition, if these behaviors’ severity and diversity predict the presence of SI when adolescents engage in NSSI.
Methods
Data were collected through the administration of a self-report questionnaire to 295 adolescents and young adults aged between 13 and 22 years, with a lifetime prevalence of NSSI.
Results
Results revealed that a large proportion of participants who reported no previous SB still report SI when engaging in NSSI. Regarding the diversity and severity of NSSI, both variables predicted the presence of SI during NSSI.
Conclusion
These findings demonstrate that, although NSSI does not have underlying SI, it is often present when individuals practice these behaviors.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Celebrating more than 26,000 adult attachment interviews: Mapping the main adult attachment classifications on personal, social, and clinical status
Get PDFABSTRACT
Since the development of the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI)
in 1985, more than 26,000 AAIs have been administered, coded,
and reported, representing 170 (wo-)man-years of work. We
used multinomial tests and analyses of correspondence to compare the AAI distributions in various cultural and age groups, in
mothers, fathers, high-risk, and clinical samples with the combined samples of North American non-clinical, non-risk mothers
(22% dismissing, 53% secure, 8% preoccupied, and 17% unresolved loss or other trauma). Males were more often classified
as dismissing and less frequently classified as secure compared
to females (except adoptive fathers), and females were more
frequently classified as unresolved (but not more often preoccupied) compared to males. A combination of high scores on
the unresolved and insecure-preoccupied dimensions was
shared by borderline personality disorder, autism spectrum disorders, and gender dysphoria, while combined high scores on
the unresolved and insecure-dismissing dimensions characterized anxiety problems, obsessive-compulsive and thought
disorders.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Distal supports, capabilities, and growth‐focused recovery: A comparison of Housing First and the staircase continuum of care
Get PDFAdults who have substantial histories of homelessness and complex support needsmay feel ambivalent about integrating into their communities and find it difficultto do so. Being familiar to and recognized by others as a resident in aneighborhood or community are sources of “distal support” that provideindividuals with feelings of belonging to their community and are important torecovery from homelessness. We hypothesized that individuals engaged withHousing First (HF) programs would report more distal support than individualsengaged with traditional homeless services (treatment as usual, TAU), and thatdistal support would predict more community integration, growth‐relatedrecovery, and achieved capabilities. We analyzed data collected from homelessservices users (n = 445) engaged with either HF or TAU in eight Europeancountries. Measures included achieved capabilities, growth‐focused recovery,distal supports, and community integration. Serial mediation analyses confirmedour hypothesis that the effects of HF on growth‐related recovery and achievedcapabilities are indirect, mediated by distal supports and community integration.Findings are discussed in relation to the importance of modeling the effects of HFon social and psychological outcomes as indirect and identifying importantmediators that translate the effects of HF components on social andpsychological outcomes. We also note the importance of case managementactivities that encourage clients to develop and sustain distal supports with otherswho live and work in their neighborhoods.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
The global impact of multisystemic vulnerabilities on criminal variety: A cross-continental study in young adults
Get PDFPrevious research has shown a robust association between different childhood and adolescent vulnerabilities and youth offending. However, these investigations have primarily focused on youths from high-income Western countries. Consequently, the generalizability of these findings to better inform global justice policies remains uncertain. This study aimed to address this gap by examining the relationship between individual, familial, and contextual vulnerabilities and criminal versatility during young adulthood, accounting for sociodemographic factors and cross-national differences. Data were derived from a diverse sample of 4,182 young adults (67% female; mean age = 18.96; SD = 0.81) residing in 10 countries across 5 continents who participated in the International Study of Pro/Antisocial Behavior in Young Adults. The Psychosocial and Family Vulnerability Questionnaire and the Adverse Childhood Experiences questionnaire were used to assess social and family adversity, and past-year criminal diversity was measured with the Criminal Variety Index. Results indicate that child maltreatment, substance abuse, and delinquent peers are global risk factors for criminal variety. Moreover, they are independent across males and females and among youths living in countries that are ranked differently on the Human Development Index (HDI). In addition, some childhood vulnerabilities showed different predictive ability across sexes (e.g., school failure), and across countries ranked differently on the HDI (e.g., family dysfunction). These findings suggest that certain childhood factors contribute to criminal behavior through transcultural mechanisms. Moreover, they highlight the importance of developing evidence-based policies that focus on transcultural risk factors to globally prevent criminal behavior.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
No limite: Perceção do apoio social dos professores, vergonha externa e pedido de ajuda em adolescentes com história de comportamentos autolesivos
No full textDissertação de Mestrado apresentada no
ISPA-Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau
de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia ClínicaEmbora a prevalência de comportamentos autolesivos na adolescência, em Portugal e
no mundo, tenha vindo a sofrer um aumento, somente uma minoria destes adolescentes
procura ajuda para lidar com estas dificuldades. Neste sentido, e tendo em consideração a
ainda escassa investigação focada neste tema, é fundamental compreender como determinados
fatores influenciam o processo do pedido de ajuda. Assim, o presente estudo pretende
caracterizar como a vergonha externa, a perceção do apoio social dos professores e a ideação
suicida impactam o pedido de ajuda junto de adolescentes com história de CAL, integrando
uma investigação mais geral sobre este fenómeno.
Para tal, foi utilizada uma amostra de 763 adolescentes de escolas portuguesas (47.2%
masculino; 52.2% feminino; idade: 12 – 21 anos, ̅= 16.6), englobando 438 (57.4%)
adolescentes com história de CAL e 325 (42.6%) sem história de CAL. Dos participantes com
história de CAL, 259 (59.5%) pediram ajuda e 179 (40.5%) não pediram ajuda. Foram
utilizados o Inventário de Comportamentos Autolesivos, Questionário de Ideação Suicida,
Escala do Pedido de Ajuda – Barreiras, Escala do Pedido de ajuda – Facilitadores, Escala de
Perceção de Suporte Social e Escala de Vergonha Externa – Versão Breve para Adolescentes.
Os resultados evidenciaram que o grupo de adolescentes com história de CAL apresentam
níveis elevados de VE e de PASP. Em relação ao pedido de ajuda, denotou-se a presença de
níveis elevados de facilitadores, PASP, IS e baixos de barreiras ao pedido de ajuda,
comparado ao grupo que não pediu ajuda.ABSTRACT: Although the prevalence of deliberate self-harm in adolescence, has been increasing in
Portugal and in the world, only a minority of these adolescents have been asking for help to
cope with these difficulties. Therefore, and considering the scarce research carried out in this
regard, it is crucial to understand how certain factors impact the phenomena of help-seeking.
Hence, the goal of the present investigation is to characterize how the external shame,
perception of social support of teachers and suicidal ideation impact the help-seeking in
adolescents with a history of DSH, incorporating a more general investigation into this
phenomenon.
In this regard, it was attended 763 adolescents from Portuguese schools (47.2%
masculine; 52.2% feminine; age: 12 – 21 years old, ̅= 16.6), comprise with 438 (57.4%)
adolescents with a history of DSH and 325 (42.6%) adolescents without a history of DSH. Of
the adolescents with a history of DSH, 259 (59.5%) asked for help and 179 (40.5%) did not
asked for help. The instruments applied were the Inventory of Deliberate Self-Harm
Behaviours, Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire, Help-Seeking Scale – Barriers, Help-Seeking
Scale – Facilitators, Social Support Appraisal and The Other as Shamer Scale – Brief Version
for Adolescents. The results showed that the group of adolescents with a history of DSH have
higher levels of external shame and perception of social support from teachers. In the concern
of help-seeking, it was denoted the presence of higher levels of facilitators, PSST, SI and
lower of barriers to help-seeking, in the group who asked for help.Dissertação de Mestrado realizada sob a orientação
da Professora Doutora Eva Duarte, apresentada no
ISPA-Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau
de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Clínic
A resiliência, o propósito e o bem-estar docente no ensino profissional
No full textDissertação de Mestrado
apresentada no Ispa – Instituto Universitário
para obtenção de grau de Mestre na
especialidade de Psicologia da Educação.O presente estudo teve como objetivo perceber quais as relações que as variáveis da
resiliência e do propósito apresentavam no bem-estar no trabalho e no bem-estar físico e
mental dos professores do ensino técnico, tecnológico e profissional. Estes docentes
enfrentam desafios diferentes das dos docentes do ensino de caráter geral, como os alunos
com diferentes perfis, a elaboração de planos de formação em contexto de trabalho (FCT),
comunicação com a comunidade e empresas de estágio, entre outros. Assim, foi elaborado
um questionário com quatro diferentes instrumentos como uma escala do propósito, a escala
da resiliência e ainda as escalas do bem-estar no trabalho e a do bem-estar físico e mental.
Os resultados do estudo mostraram resultados convergentes com a literatura como, por
exemplo, a resiliência ter uma relação positiva e forte com o bem-estar no trabalho. Porém,
foram também relatados resultados que não correspondem à literatura, como a variável do
propósito apresentar uma correlação negativa com a resiliência e o bem-estar no trabalho ou
a resiliência apresentar uma correlação negativa com o bem-estar físico e mental. Estes
resultados ressaltam a importância da continuação de estudos sobre este tipo de ensino e esta
população de docentes.ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to understand the relationship between the variables of
resilience and purpose and the well-being at work and physical and mental well-being of
teachers in technical, technological and vocational education. These teachers face different
challenges from general education teachers, such as students with different profiles,
preparing work-based training plans, communicating with the community and internship
companies, among others. A questionnaire was therefore drawn up with four different
instruments such as a purpose scale, a resilience scale and scales for well-being at work and
physical and mental well-being. The results of the study showed results that converge with
the literature, such as resilience having a positive and strong relationship with well-being at
work. However, there were also results that did not correspond to the literature, such as the
variable of purpose having a negative correlation with resilience and well-being at work or
resilience having a negative correlation with physical and mental well-being. These results
highlight the importance of further studies into this type of teaching and this population of
teachers