Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida
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Entrei no Ensino Superior. E agora? Fatores que influenciam a adaptação dos estudantes ao Ensino Superior
Get PDFDissertação de Mestrado realizada sob
orientação de Professor Doutor Francisco
Peixoto e coorientação da Mestre
Mafalda Campos, apresentada no Ispa
– Instituto Universitário para a obtenção
de grau de Mestre na especialidade de
Psicologia da Educação.A temática da adaptação ao ensino superior tem vindo a ganhar destaque na
investigação nacional e internacional pela forma como é comumente sentida como uma
fase desafiante, caracterizada por mudanças de caráter pessoal, cognitivo, académico,
profissional, afetivo e social que fomentam o desenvolvimento pessoal e a autonomia dos
discentes e às quais os mesmos nem sempre conseguem responder de forma eficaz. Neste
contexto, as vivências académicas, o estabelecimento de relações positivas com colegas,
amigos e família, bons níveis de motivação intrínseca e autoeficácia académica são alguns
dos fatores destacados como fundamentais nos primeiros tempos no ensino superior para
uma boa adaptação e, consequentemente, para menor intenção de abandono académico.
O presente estudo contou com a participação de 284 alunos de ensino superior e
teve como objetivo caracterizar os discentes no que se refere à sua adaptação ao ensino
superior e às componentes que estão a si associadas. Para tal, recorreu-se a um
instrumento constituído por questionário de vivências académicas, uma medida de risco
de abandono do ensino superior, questionário de relacionamento com os outros, uma
medida de motivação intrínseca e um questionário de autoeficácia académica. Os
resultados mostraram a existência de relações entre as variáveis relacionamento com os
outros, motivação, autoeficácia académica e a adaptação ao ensino superior assim como,
com a decorrente intenção de abandonar os estudos quando a adaptação não é bem-sucedida.ABSTRACT: The subject of adapting to higher education has been gaining prominence in
national and international research due to the way it is commonly perceived as a
challenging phase, characterized by personal, cognitive, academic, professional, affective
and social changes that foster students' personal development and autonomy and to which
they are unable to respond effectively. That said, academic experiences, establishing
positive relationships with colleagues, friends and family, good levels of intrinsic
motivation and academic self-efficacy are some of the factors highlighted as fundamental
in the early days of higher education for a good adaptation and, consequently, for lower
dropout rates.
This study involved 284 higher education students and its main objective was to
help characterize students in terms of their adaptation to higher education and the
components associated with it. To this end, an instrument was used consisting of a
Questionnaire on academic experiences, a screening instrument for the risk of dropping
out of higher education, a Questionnaire on relationships with others, a Questionnaire on
intrinsic motivation and a Questionnaire on academic self-efficacy. The results showed
the existence of relationships between the variables of relationships with others,
motivation, academic self-efficacy and adaptation to higher education, as well as the
resulting intention to abandon studies when adaptation is unsuccessful. The results of the
relationships between the variables will be discussed, highlighting some of the limitations
of this study and suggesting future lines of analysis and research into the subject
Vanlife: a experiência psicológica de nómadas que vivem em carrinhas
No full textDissertação de Mestrado realizada sob a orientação do
Professor Doutor António José Gonzalez, apresentada no
Ispa – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau
de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica.A vanlife remete-nos para um estilo de vida emergente de nómadas que optam por
viver em carrinhas transformadas em casas. Este fenómeno tem vindo a ganhar cada vez mais
proeminência, com milhões de partilhas sobre o tema nas redes sociais. Vários são os fatores
que levam os vanlifers a escolher este estilo de vida, entre eles os altos preços de habitação e
a vontade de viver uma vida mais simples, renunciando a valores como o consumismo e o
capitalismo, e abraçando outros como a liberdade, o minimalismo e a sustentabilidade.
Apesar deste movimento ter vindo a ganhar cada vez mais seguidores, pouco se sabe acerca
das consequências psicológicas deste novo estilo de vida. Assim, esta dissertação propôs-se a
explorar as experiências psicológicas dos vanlifers, revelando-se um estudo pioneiro nesta
área. Foram distribuídos questionários a várias pessoas que vivem e viajam nas suas
carrinhas. Um total de 30 participantes (23 mulheres e 7 homens entre os 23-77 anos)
responderam a três perguntas de resposta aberta. Foi realizada uma análise temática de forma
a interpretar os dados, emergindo 3 temas e 13 sub-temas no que toca a transformações
sentidas pelos vanlifers. Entre as áreas mais afetadas encontram-se (1) a relação consigo
mesmo, (2) a relação com os outros, e (3) a relação com o mundo e a natureza.ABSTRACT: Vanlife refers to an emerging lifestyle of nomads who choose to live in vans
converted into homes. This phenomenon has been gaining increasing prominence, with
millions of shares on the topic on social networks. Various factors lead vanlifers to choose
this lifestyle, including high housing prices and the desire to live a simpler life, renouncing
values such as consumerism and capitalism, and embracing others like freedom, minimalism,
and sustainability. Despite this movement gaining more and more impact, little is known
about the psychological consequences of this new lifestyle. Therefore, this dissertation aimed
to explore the psychological experiences of vanlifers, proving to be a pioneering study in this
area. Questionnaires were distributed to several people who live and travel in their vans. A
total of 30 participants (23 women and 7 men, aged 23-77) answered three open-ended
questions. A thematic analysis was carried out to interpret the data, with 3 main themes and
13 sub-themes emerging regarding the transformations felt by vanlifers. The most affected
areas are (1) the relationship with oneself, (2) the relationship with others, and (3) the
relationship with the world and nature
Resilience and mental health in practicing chilean teachers during the pandemic
Get PDFThe connection between resilience and psychological well-being, as well as the associations between various
resilience profiles and well-being, remain unclear. This study investigated the resilience profiles of teachers and
their links to psychological well-being and mental health symptoms. The data were gathered from 602 Chilean
teachers who completed questionnaires assessing resilience, well-being, and mental health symptoms. The primary findings revealed a significant relationship between resilience and mental health, especially among
experienced teachers who perceived their working conditions as better. This study provides compelling evidence
supporting the notion that resilience can serve as a protective factor against mental health issues.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Autocriticismo como moderador na relação entre sintomatologia depressiva e vinculação
No full textDissertação de Mestrado
apresentada no Ispa – Instituto
Universitário para obtenção de grau
de Mestre na especialidade de
Psicologia ClínicaA pertença é uma necessidade básica do ser humano. Ao longo da idade adulta, esta pode
variar com base nos contextos e vivências do sujeito. A atividade de realização de
genealogia tem vindo a ser um passatempo cada vez mais comum em todo o mundo
levando milhões de pessoas a interessarem-se por conhecerem os seus antepassados e
coletarem as suas histórias. O presente estudo tem como objetivo observar a ligação entre
estas duas variáveis: o sentimento de pertença e a realização de genealogia em adultos
como também observar a sua ligação com a saúde mental. Para tal, foram utilizados como
instrumentos de avaliação, o Instrumento de Avaliação do Sentimento de Pertença (IASP),
o instrumento Mental Health Inventory (MHI-5), e um questionário sociodemográfico que
compreende perguntas específicas relacionadas com a realização de busca genealógica. A
amostra foi constituída por 494 adultos. Foram encontradas correlações positivas entre o
sentimento de pertença e a frequência da realização de genealogia e a idade, como também
uma correlação negativa entre sentimento de pertença e saúde mental. É sugerida a
utilização de variáveis mediadoras entre sentimento de pertença e genealogia de forma a
melhor compreender esta relação. O estudo demonstra importância para a Psicologia
clínica revelando como a realização de genealogia poderá ser um fator associado a níveis
de sentimento de pertença mais elevados em adultos. O estudo apresenta implicações
teóricas importantes visto abordar fatores pouco conhecidos em Portugal tais como a
genealogia e o sentimento de pertença em adultos.ABSTRACT: Belonging is a basic human need. Throughout adulthood, this can vary based on the
contexts and experiences of the subject. Genealogy has become an increasingly common
pastime around the world, leading millions of people to take an interest in getting to know
their ancestors and collecting their stories. The aim of this study was to analyze the link
between these two variables: sense of belonging and genealogy in adults, as well as their
connection with mental health. To this end, it was used the Instrument for the Assessment
of the Sense of Belonging (IASP), the Mental Health Inventory (MHI-5) and a
sociodemographic questionnaire with specific questions related to genealogical research.
The sample consisted of 494 adults. Positive correlations were found between sense of
belonging and the frequency of genealogy and age, as well as a negative correlation
between sense of belonging and mental health. It is suggested that introducing certain
mediating variables could help to better understand the relationship between sense of
belonging and genealogy. The study demonstrates importance for clinical psychology by
revealing how conducting genealogy can be a factor associated with higher levels of sense
of belonging in adults. The study has important theoretical implications as it addresses
factors that are little known in Portugal, such as genealogy and the sense of belonging in
adults
Associações entre a regulação emocional, práticas alimentares e consumo alimentar em idade pré-escolar
Get PDFDissertação de Mestrado, apresentada no ISPA – Instituto
Universitário para obtenção do grau de Mestre na
especialidade de Psicologia e Psicopatologia do
DesenvolvimentoInvestigações anteriores consideraram que a regulação emocional das crianças e
as práticas parentais alimentares, podem determinar o consumo alimentar das crianças,
sendo que a compreensão destas interações alimentares nos primeiros anos de vida é
crucial para promover hábitos alimentares saudáveis desde cedo.
No estado atual do conhecimento, há algumas lacunas específicas existentes, tais
como, a escassez de dados sobre a relação entre a regulação emocional da criança, as
práticas parentais alimentares e o consumo alimentar nos anos pré-escolares. Assim, o
presente estudo pretende ultrapassar estas lacunas, ao analisar as relações entre as três
variáveis referidas anteriormente, tendo como população alvo a população portuguesa.
Neste estudo participaram 387 mães e 16 pais de 399 crianças entre os 3 e os 5
anos de idade. Para avaliar a regulação emocional utilizou-se o instrumento Emotion
Regulation Checklist, para avaliar o consumo alimentar utilizou-se o instrumento Child
Health Section da Parent Interview of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-B, e para
avaliar as práticas parentais alimentares utilizou-se o instrumento Questionário Completo
de Práticas Parentais.
Os resultados indicaram que quanto mais práticas alimentares responsivas os pais
utilizam, maior o consumo alimentar saudável da criança e, inversamente, menor o
consumo alimentar não saudável. Por outro lado, quanto mais práticas alimentares não
responsivas os pais utilizam, menor o consumo alimentar saudável da criança e maior o
consumo alimentar não saudável. Quanto maior o consumo alimentar não saudável, maior
a desregulação emocional da criança. E quanto maior o uso reportado de práticas
alimentares responsivas, maior a capacidade de regulação emocional da criança. Por outro
lado, quanto maior o uso de práticas alimentares não responsivas, maior a desregulação
emocional da criança.
A análise dos coeficientes de regressão revelou que, tanto a regulação emocional
da criança, como as práticas parentais não responsivas são preditores significativos do
consumo alimentar não saudável. Estes resultados sugerem que o consumo alimentar das
crianças pode ser determinado pela regulação das emoções e pelas práticas parentais
alimentaresABSTRACT: Previous research has found that children's emotional regulation and parental
feeding practices can determine children's food consumption, and understanding these
feeding interactions in the first years of life is crucial to promoting healthy eating habits
from an early age.
In the current state of knowledge, there are some specific gaps, such as the scarcity
of data on the relationship between children's emotional regulation, parental feeding
practices and food consumption in the pre-school years. This study aims to overcome
these gaps by analysing the relationships between the three variables mentioned above,
with the target population being the Portuguese population.
This study involved 387 mothers and 16 fathers of 399 children between the ages
of 3 and 5. The Emotion Regulation Checklist was used to assess emotional regulation,
the Child Health Section of the Parent Interview of the Early Childhood Longitudinal
Study-B was used to assess food consumption, and the Complete Questionnaire of
Parenting Practices was used to assess parental feeding practices.
The results indicated that the more responsive feeding practices parents use, the
higher the child's healthy food consumption and, conversely, the lower the unhealthy food
consumption. On the other hand, the more unresponsive dietary practices parents use, the
lower the child's healthy food consumption and the higher the unhealthy food
consumption. The higher the unhealthy food consumption, the greater the child's
emotional dysregulation. And the greater the reported use of responsive eating practices,
the greater the child's capacity for emotional regulation. On the other hand, the greater
the use of unresponsive eating practices, the greater the child's emotional dysregulation.
Analysis of the regression coefficients revealed that both the child's emotional
regulation and unresponsive parenting practices are significant predictors of unhealthy
food consumption. These results suggest that children's food consumption can be
determined by emotion regulation and parental eating practices
Mothers’ responses to children’s emotions and children’s behavior: The mediating role of children’s emotion regulation
Get PDFABSTRACT: While prior research has clearly established links between maternal responses and children’s emotion regulation (ER), the implications of these links for children’s behaviors, especially at school (as reported by their teachers), remain much less explored. This study examined the mediating role of children’s ER in the relationship between maternal reactions to both negative and positive emotions of children and the subsequent behaviors of these children at school. Participants included 56 Portuguese school-aged children (31 boys and 25 girls, aged 6–10 years, mean age = 8.27, SD = 1.27), their mothers (aged 26–55 years, mean age = 38.33, SD = 6.68), and their teachers (n = 7 female teachers) in a multi-informant study. Mothers provided reports on their responses to their children’s emotions and their perceptions of the children’s ER and lability/negativity, while teachers assessed the children’s behavior in the classroom. The results indicated that punitive maternal reactions were associated with greater child lability/negativity, which in turn correlated with increased conduct problems and hyperactivity at school. Conversely, maternal encouragement of expression was linked to reduced lability/negativity, which was associated with fewer emotional symptoms at school. Additionally, maternal problem-focused reactions and guided/empowering responses were associated with reduced child lability/negativity, which in turn correlated with fewer conduct problems and less hyperactivity at school. These findings suggest that maternal responses to children’s emotions can significantly influence children’s behaviors in the classroom via mechanisms involving children’s ER.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
How curiosity affects contextual performance: an emotional daily dynamics perspective
No full textPurpose – This research relied on the broaden-and-build (B&B) theory to explore emotional predictors for
curiosity-related differences in daily engagement and contextual performance. We tested a moderated
mediation model, arguing that daily positive emotions would be related to daily work engagement and
contextual performance.
Design/methodology/approach – A total of 586 participants participated in a five-day diary study (n 5 2379).
Findings – Multi-level modeling showed that, at the person level of analysis, daily positive emotions were
significantly and positively related to daily work engagement and, in turn, daily performance. At the daily level
of analysis, the mediation model was moderated by curiosity, such that it became stronger for individuals who
scored higher on curiosity.
Originality/value – These findings make relevant theoretical contributions to understanding the power of
curiosity for daily emotional dynamics in organizations. Compared to traditional between-person variables, these
results also expand knowledge on within-person processes that explain daily work engagement and contextual
performance. In sum, this study shows that “curiosity does not kill the cat”; instead, it makes it productive.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Competence development and affective commitment as mechanisms that explain the relationship between organizational culture and turnover intentions
Get PDFThis study investigated the effect of organizational culture (supportive culture, innovation culture, goal culture and rule culture) on turnover intentions and whether this relationship was mediated by organizational practices of competencies development (training, functional rotation and individualized support) and affective commitment. The study sample consisted of 369 participants working in organizations based in Portugal. The results show that only goal culture positively and significantly affects the three dimensions of organizational practices of development competencies and affective commitment. The culture of support has a positive and significant effect on functional rotation, individualized support and affective commitment. The culture of innovation has a positive and significant effect on training. Supportive culture, goal culture and the dimensions of organizational practices of development competencies negatively and significantly affect exit intentions. The serial mediating effect of organizational practices of development competencies and affective commitment on the relationship between organizational culture (supportive culture and goal culture) and turnover intentions was proven. Organizational culture, especially supportive culture and goal culture, proved to be relevant in boosting the implementation of organizational practices of development competencies, boosting affective commitment and reducing turnover intentions.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
The portuguese version of victim empathy distortion scale: Adaptation and psychometric properties
Get PDFVictim empathy is a common intervention target in intervention programs designed for individuals who perpetrated child sexual abuse (CSA). Researchers have developed the Victim Empathy Distortion Scale (VES), an instrument designed to assess empathy for victims of CSA. The present study aims to adapt the VES for the Portuguese population and examine its psychometric properties. One hundred and twelve individuals who perpetrated CSA and 245 individuals from the community participated in this study. The confirmatory factor analysis did not show satisfactory indices for the structures previously tested. Consequently, the search for an alternative model revealed a two-factor structure, explaining approximately 50% of the total variance. Results also indicated good internal consistency, discriminant validity, and known-groups validity. Overall, the results support the claim that the Portuguese version of the VES is a valuable and psychometrically reliable instrument for measuring victim empathy in forensic and non-forensic settings. © The Author(s) 2024.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Perceções atuais dos trabalhadores portugueses durante a pandemia: variações consoante a modalidade de trabalho, cargo e turnover
No full textDissertação de Mestrado, apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Social e das Organizações.A presente dissertação investiga as perceções atuais dos trabalhadores portugueses sobre o suporte organizacional, suporte da chefia, engagement e desempenho da tarefa durante a pandemia do COVID-19. Este estudo exploratório e descritivo analisa como estas perceções variaram consoante a modalidade de trabalho, a ocupação de cargos de chefia e turnover durante o período pandémico. Através de um questionário distribuído por redes sociais, foram recolhidos dados de 212 participantes. Os resultados indicam que os participantes que ocupavam cargos de chefia durante a pandemia atualmente percecionam maiores níveis de suporte organizacional, suporte da chefia, engagement e desempenho da tarefa durante esse período. Adicionalmente, os trabalhadores que não ocupavam cargos de chefia apresentaram perceções mais negativas em relação a todas as dimensões. Estes achados destacam a necessidade de estratégias de suporte mais inclusivas, que abranjam todos os níveis hierárquicos dentro das organizações.ABSTRACT: This paper investigates the current perceptions of portuguese workers regarding organizational support, supervisor support, engagement and task performance during the COVID-19 pandemic. This exploratory and descriptive study examines how these perceptions varied with work modality, supervisor roles and turnover during the pandemic period. Data from 212 participants was collected through a questionnaire distributed via social networks. The results indicate that participants who held supervisory positions during the pandemic currently perceive higher levels of organizational support, supervisor support, engagement and task performance. Additionally, non-supervisor workers exhibited more negative perceptions across all dimensions. These findings underscore the need for more inclusive support strategies that encompass all hierarchical levels within organizations