Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida
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Understanding the relationship between illness perceptions of breast cancer and perceived risk in a sample of U.A.E. female university students: the role of comparative risk
Get PDFBMC Women's Health is an open access, peer-reviewed journal that considers articles on all aspects of the health and wellbeing of adolescent girls and women, with a particular focus on the physical, mental, and emotional health of women in developed and developing nations. The journal welcomes submissions on women's public health issues, health behaviours, breast cancer, gynecological diseases, mental health and health promotion.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
A influência da compaixão organizacional na moldagem do trabalho : um recurso motivacional facilitador?
Get PDFAbstract: This study aimed to analyse the relationship between the perception of compassion at work (consciousness, empathy, evaluation, response type) and compassionate “actions and organizational characteristics” on job crafting (increasing structural job resources, increasing social job resources, increasing challenging job demands, decreasing hindering job demands). The study collected quantitative data from 231 professionals from different economic sectors. The results indicated that only the dimensions: “evaluation” and “response type” of the compassion process, as well as compassionate “organizational characteristics”, showed a positive influence in the “increasing structural job resources”, “increasing social job resources” and “increasing challenging job demands”. There was no negative relationship between the dimensions of the compassion process and compassionate “organizational characteristics and actions” in “decreasing hindering job demands”. The mechanisms by which compassion at work could have positive effects on the job crafting processes are presented.Resumo: Este estudo teve como objectivo analisar a relação entre a percepção da compaixão no trabalho (consciência, empatia, avaliação, tipo de resposta) e as “acções e características organizacionais” compassivas na moldagem do trabalho (aumento dos recursos laborais estruturais, aumento dos recursos laborais sociais; aumento de exigências laborais desafiantes, redução de exigências laborais incómodas). Foram recolhidos dados quantitativos a partir de 231 profissionais de diferentes sectores económicos. Os resultados indicaram que apenas as dimensões do processo compassivo “avaliação” e “tipo de resposta”, bem como as “características organizacionais” compassivas influenciaram de forma positiva o “aumento dos recursos laborais estruturais”, “aumento dos recursos laborais sociais” e “aumento das exigências laborais desafiantes”. Não se verificou relação negativa entre as dimensões do processo de compaixão e as “características e ações organizacionais” compassivas na “redução de exigências laborais incómodas”. Conclui-se com uma reflexão sobre os mecanismos através dos quais a compaixão no trabalho poderá ter efeitos positivos nos processos de moldagem do trabalho.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
FOODLIT-tool: Development and validation of the adaptable food literacy tool towards global sustainability within food systems
Get PDFFacing multiple anthropogenic challenges and considering the current global pandemic, food sustainability is stated as threatened by major intergovernmental agencies. Given the heterogeneity of food systems, the need to enhance food-related behaviours by promoting the acquisition of knowledge and competencies, and the demand to involve stakeholder's diversity, this study aims to develop and validate an instrument that measures food literacy (FL), its determinants and its influential factors in an adult sample. Based on the Food Literacy Wheel (FLW) framework and integrated within the FOODLIT-PRO - Food Literacy Project, this study has three phases and a total of 2406 participants: (1) item development and content validity, (2) instrument development entailing item reduction strategies, factor extraction methodologies (exploratory and confirmatory analyses) and sensitivity testing, with two samples of a total of 1447 adults, and (3) instrument validation encompassing tests of dimensionality (confirmatory factor analysis), reliability (composite reliability) and validity (convergent and discriminant validity), and measure invariance testing, with 959 adults. Concerning statistical and psychometric properties, (1) a pool of 40 items (26 for FL; single items: five for determinants and nine for influential factors) was developed with inductive and deductive methodologies and reflected the FLW, (2) a 5-factor structure was explored, demonstrated acceptable model fit, and good sensitivity indices, and (3) a 5-dimensional reliable structure with 24 items was validated, configural invariance was achieved, and convergent and discriminant validity were significant in most dimensions. The FOODLIT-Tool contributes with an innovative measure of FL in adults that allows for a tailored assessment when approaching food-related issues within global food systems, providing a multidisciplinary tool that can be cross-widely applied to promote food-related behaviour change.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Impacto de uma intervenção naturalística no desenvolvimento da consciência morfológica de crianças de jardim-de-infância
Get PDFAbstract: This study evaluated the effectiveness of a morphological awareness intervention delivered by preschool teachers in the naturalistic setting of their classrooms. The participants were 162 Portuguese children, attending kindergarten who were allocated as groups to experimental and control conditions. The former group was the object of six-weeks morphological awareness intervention anchored on explicit discussions about the morphological structure of words appearing in selected storybooks. The control group received normal curriculum activities. Results showed strong to high effect sizes on morphological awareness post-test abilities of children in the experimental group related to identifying words of the same “family”, interpreting the meaning of stems and affixes in morphologically structured pseudowords and finding the base word in derived or inflected stimuli, after controlling for age, cognitive ability, vocabulary, pre-test phonological and morphological results. The relevance of developing tools that help preschool children to consciously manipulate morphemes as meaningful building blocks of words, in partnership with preschool teachers, is proposed.Resumo: Este estudo avaliou a eficácia de uma intervenção sobre consciência morfológica desenvolvida por educadores de infância no contexto natural das suas salas. Participaram 162 crianças portuguesas que frequentavam jardins-de-infância, alocadas ao grupo experimental e ao grupo de controlo consoante as turmas que frequentavam. O grupo experimental foi objeto de uma intervenção de 6 semanas sobre consciência morfológica, em que foi explicitamente discutida a estrutura morfológica de palavras de livros de histórias selecionados. O grupo de controlo participou nas atividades curriculares usuais. Os resultados do pós-teste mostraram que as crianças do grupo experimental tiveram melhores desempenhos na identificação de palavras da mesma “família”, na interpretação do significado de prefixos e afixos em pseudopalavras estruturadas morfologicamente e na identificação da palavra-base em palavras derivadas ou flexionadas, após controlo da idade, da competência cognitiva, do vocabulário e dos resultados do pré-teste relativos à consciência fonológica e morfológica. Este estudo mostra a relevância de desenvolver, em parceria com educadores de infância, instrumentos que ajudem as crianças em idade pré-escolar a manipular conscientemente morfemas enquanto constituintes das palavras.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
A standardised set of images for judgements of proportion
Get PDFIn the present work, we present normative data for a set of 39 original clipart-style images that can be used as material in
studies involving judgements of proportion. The original images are drawings that depict different day-to-day scenarios (e.g.,
lighted windows in a building; books on a shelf) and each has seven variants of different proportions (from 20% to 80%)
belonging to different categories (discrete vs continuous; social vs non-social; natural vs artificial; stimuli physical dimensions;
number of referents). Normative data for these images are presented in an interactive database (available at https://
judgment- images- and- norms. shiny apps. io/ estimates_ inter active/), corresponding to the means of proportion estimates (in
percentage form), the perceived ease of making such estimates, the perceived level of familiarity and liking for each image,
and the relationships between these variables. In the paper, we analyse the data at an individual level, addressing how the
latter judgements are related to the proportion estimates, how those estimates are related to objective proportions, and how
these relationships are moderated by image category. The analyses presented in this paper aim to aid readers in selecting
images that enable them to better address specific influences on proportional estimates or to control for those influences in
their studies.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Vivência de uma Mãe com um Filho Adulto com Perturbação do Espectro do Autismo – Estudo de Caso
No full textDissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia da EducaçãoO autismo é como uma desordem neuropsiquiátrica, o sujeito possui dificuldades na área da interação e comunicação social verbal e não-verbal e nas relações apresenta modelos limitados e repetitivos. A família com um filho autista poderá vivenciar grandes alterações a nível social, profissional e emocional.
O objetivo do estudo é compreender a vivência de uma mãe com um filho adulto autista, ou seja, perceber as implicações do diagnóstico que a perturbação traz na vida da mãe, qual a perceção em relação à inclusão de crianças com autismo no meio familiar, escolar e na sociedade e compreender a sexualidade e a fase adulta em indivíduos com esta perturbação.
Realizou-se uma entrevista a uma mãe de um adulto autista utilizando um guião composto por 53 perguntas e 7 subtemas.
No resultado, foi possível verificar que a mãe entrou em choque ao receber o diagnóstico do filho, entretanto, afirma que não se isolou, sendo fundamental na sua saúde mental. Considera que no início foi muito difícil e não teve ajuda da família. Na sua ausência, não quer passar a responsabilidade para os seus outros filhos de cuidar do irmão, apenas que estes nunca o abandonem. Na inclusão na escola e na sociedade referiu grandes dificuldades. Referente a sexualidade, mostrou-se preocupada e a possibilidade de um relacionamento afetivo é afastada. Na fase adulta não prevê futuro com autonomia para o filho. E destaca que na sua ausência vê como alternativa a possibilidade de contar com a ajuda de alguma instituição.Autism is like a neuropsychiatric disorder in which the subject has difficulties in the area of verbal and non-verbal interaction and social communication and in relationships he presents limited and repetitive models. A family with an autistic child may experience major social, professional and emotional changes.
The objective of the study is to understand the experience of a mother with an autistic adult child, that is, to understand the implications the diagnosis brings into the mother's life, what is the perception regarding the inclusion of children with autism in the family, school environment and in society and to understand sexuality and adulthood in individuals with this disorder. An interview with a mother of an autistic adult was carried out using a script composed of 53 questions and 7 sub-themes.
In the result, it was possible to verify that the mother went into shock when she received her son's diagnosis, however, she says that she did not isolate herself, which was fundamental in her mental health. She considers that in the beginning it was very difficult, and she had no help from her family. In their absence, she does not want to pass on the responsibility of taking care of their brother to her other children, only that they never abandon him. Regarding his inclusion in school and in society she mentioned great difficulties. Regarding sexuality, she was concerned, and the possibility of an affective relationship is not foreseen. In adulthood, she does not foresee her son being autonomic. And she emphasizes that in her absence, she sees as an alternative the possibility of counting on the help of some institution.,
Parentalidade e comportamentos de risco na adolescência
Get PDFDissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia da Educação.A presente investigação teve como objetivo averiguar quais as práticas educativas parentais e qual o nível de monitorização parental que mais têm associação com a adoção de comportamentos de risco na adolescência e quais previnem estes comportamentos.
Participaram neste estudo 90 alunos do ensino secundário, que frequentavam duas escolas da região de Lisboa e Vale do Tejo (19 estudantes do 10º ano, 47 estudantes do 11º ano e 24 estudantes do 12º ano de escolaridade).
De modo a concretizar os objetivos desta investigação, utilizaram-se três instrumentos: (1) Questionário de Comportamentos de Risco: Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS); (2) Questionário de Práticas Educativas Parentais: Egna Minnen av Betraffande Uppfostram (EMBU-A); (3) Subescala de Monitorização Parental do Questionário Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC).
Os principais resultados deste estudo demonstram que as práticas de rejeição parental podem potenciar uma maior frequência de comportamentos de risco e uma maior adoção de comportamentos violentos, nomeadamente o envolvimento em lutas físicas, enquanto as práticas de suporte emocional podem prevenir o consumo de drogas, nomeadamente a experimentação de drogas como o LSD, ácidos, ecstasy ou cogumelos. Já a monitorização parental parece prevenir o consumo exagerado de álcool.
Assim, conclui-se que existe associação entre algumas práticas educativas parentais/monitorização parental e a adoção de alguns comportamentos de risco por parte dos filhos adolescentes, ainda que não tenham sido encontradas associações com todos os comportamentos e com todas as práticas estudadas.This investigation aimed to identify the parental educational practices and the degree of parental monitoring most associated with risk behaviours in adolescents, and which prevent them.
90 secondary school students took part in this study, from two schools in the region of Lisbon and Tagus Valley (19 students in year 10, 47 students in year 11 and 24 students in year 12).
In order to achieve the aim of this investigation, three instruments were used: (1) Risk Behaviours Questionnaire: Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS); (2) Parental Educational Practices Questionnaire: Egna Minnen av Betraffande Uppfostram (EMBU-A); (3) Parental Monitoring subscale of the Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children Questionnaire (HBSC).
The key findings of this study show that parental rejection practices may lead to a higher frequency of risk behaviours and a higher engagement in violent behaviours, particularly the involvement in physical fights, while emotional support practices may prevent drug use, such as LSD, acids, ecstasy or mushrooms. Parental monitoring, on the other hand, seems to prevent excessive alcohol consumption.
In conclusion, there is an association between some parental educational practices/parental monitoring and the adoption of some risk behaviours by adolescents, although no link was found between all behaviours and practices studied
Meaning in life, meaning-making and posttraumatic growth in cancer patients: systematic review and meta-analysis
Get PDFDissertação de mestrado apresentada no ISPA –
Instituto Universitário para obtenção do grau de Mestre na
especialidade de Psicologia Clínica.Esta revisão sistemática e meta-análise tem como objetivo sintetizar e avaliar a associação
encontrada na literatura entre o significado da vida (SV), meaning-making (MM) e o
crescimento pós-traumático (CPT) em pacientes oncológicos. A procura de artigos foi realizada
em 18 bases de dados, seguindo as normas PRISMA. Os artigos empíricos que abordavam SV
ou MM e CPT em adultos diagnosticados com cancro foram considerados para inclusão. Os
dados de correlação r foram extraídos dos artigos incluídos. Dos 889 artigos considerados, nove
artigos, publicados entre 2006 e 2022, preencheram os critérios de inclusão. A amostra é
constituída maioritariamente por pacientes diagnosticados com cancro da mama. Para além da
relação entre as variáveis SV, MM e CPT, estas foram ainda positivamente associadas à
espiritualidade, suporte social, satisfação com a vida e negativamente associadas à ansiedade e
à depressão. Na meta-análise, os cinco artigos incluídos (N = 844), revelaram que o SV está
moderadamente associado ao CPT (r = 0,43, 95% IC [0,36, 0,50]). Alguns estudos indicaram
uma relação direta entre o SV e o CPT, sugerindo que a presença de SV poderá facilitar o
desenvolvimento de CPT. Tendo em consideração o impacto que estas variáveis têm nas
diversas dimensões da vida dos pacientes oncológicos, estudos futuros devem explorar mais
detalhadamente a relação entre as variáveis. Na prática clínica, a exploração de dimensões
existenciais, como o SV, e o recurso a intervenções centradas no significado poderão ser uma
forma de auxiliar o ajustamento e de potenciar o crescimento pessoal nestes pacientes.The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to synthetize and assess the
association between meaning in life (MiL), meaning-making (MM) and posttraumatic growth
(PTG) in the context of cancer. A systematic search was conducted in 18 electronic databases,
following the PRISMA guidelines. The empirical articles that assessed MiL or MM and PTG
in adult cancer patients were considered for inclusion. The correlation coefficients between
MiL and PTG were extracted. From the 889 records considered according to the inclusion
criteria, a total of nine articles, published between 2006 and 2021, were included in the
systematic review. The sample is mostly constituted of breast cancer patients. The included
articles, besides the association between MiL, MM and PTG, found that these variables were
also positively associated to spirituality, social support, life satisfaction and negatively
associated to anxiety and depression. The meta-analysis included five articles (N = 844) and the
results indicate a significant moderate correlation between meaning in life and posttraumatic
growth (r = 0.43, 95% IC [0.36, 0.50]). Additionally, some studies reported a direct relationship
between MiL and PTG, revealing that MiL might facilitate the process of PTG. Considering
the impact of these variables in several aspects and dimensions of the life and experience of
cancer patients, future research should explore this relationship further, as well as meaning
centered interventions that can potentiate a positive adjustment and possibly growth from the
cancer experience. In the clinical practice, cancer patients would benefit from an open approach
and exploration of existential matters
O papel do feedback na relação da gestão por objetivos com o desempenho no trabalho: Revisão sistemática de literatura
Get PDFDissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA – Instituo Universitário para obtenção do grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Social e das Organizações.Objetivo – O objetivo desta dissertação é estudar de que forma o feedback influencia a relação entre o estabelecimento de objetivos e o desempenho de trabalho.
Metodologia – Para responder às questões de investigação colocadas, realizou-se uma pesquisa de acordo com a metodologia da revisão sistemática de literatura sobre três variáveis: objetivos, feedback e desempenho. Identificaram-se inicialmente 4796 artigos. Aplicando três critérios de inclusão: (a) tipo de estudo, (b) artigos que estudem claramente a relação entre as três variáveis, (c) artigos cuja revista esteja no quartil 1, 2 ou 3; e cinco critérios de exclusão: (a) área de estudo, (b) meta-análises e revisões de literatura, (c) estudos que abordam outros aspetos que não especificamente o goal setting, (d) que estudem exclusivamente o desempenho em grupos, e (e) feedback dirigido aos superiores; retiveram-se para análise 22 artigos.
Resultados – A análise dos 22 artigos empíricos mostrou que o feedback tem um papel importante na relação entre objetivos e desempenho, além de que alguns aspetos dos objetivos e do feedback podem contribuir para potenciar o seu efeito.
Implicações da pesquisa – Os resultados obtidos permitiram extrair algumas recomendações para a prática relativamente à forma como as chefias podem dar feedback sobre o desempenho dos trabalhadores para atingirem mais eficazmente os objetivos.
Originalidade/valor – A presente dissertação contribui para a literatura do goal setting ao examinar sistematizadamente que aspetos do feedback podem ser mais eficazes para melhorar o desempenho e ajudar a atingir os objetivos, especificando simultaneamente o contributo de outros moderadores/mediadores para a relação entre as três variáveis.Purpose – The purpose of this thesis is to study how feedback influences the relationship between goal setting and work performance.
Methodology – In order to answer the research questions posed, a search was carried out according to the systematic literature review methodology about three variables: goals, feedback and performance. Initially, 4796 articles were identified. Applying three inclusion criteria: (a) type of study, (b) articles that clearly study the relationship between the three variables, (c) articles whose journal is in the quartile 1, 2 or 3; and five exclusion criteria: (a) study area, (b) meta-analysis and literature reviews, (c) studies that address other issues that are not specifically goal setting, (d) articles that study exclusively group performance, and (e) articles that study feedback towards managers; 22 articles were retained for analysis.
Findings – The analysis of the 22 empirical articles showed that feedback plays an important role in the relationship between goals and performance, and that some aspects of the goals and feedback can contribute to enhancing its positive effect.
Research implications – The results obtained allowed to extract some recommendations for practice regarding how managers can give feedback on the workers’ performance so that they can more effectively achieve their goals.
Originality/value – The present thesis contributes to goal setting literature by systematically examining which aspects of feedback can be more effective in improving performance and help achieve the goals, while specifying the contribution of other moderators/mediators to the relationship between the three variables
Phenotypic architecture of sociality and its associated genetic polymorphisms in zebrafish
Get PDFSociality relies on motivational and cognitive components that may have evolved independently, or may have been linked by phenotypic correlations driven by a shared selective pressure for increased social competence. Furthermore, these components may be domain-specific or of general-domain across social and non-social contexts. Here, we used zebrafish to test if the motivational and cognitive components of social behavior are phenotypically linked and if they are domain specific or of general domain. The behavioral phenotyping of zebrafish in social and equivalent non-social tests shows that the motivational (preference) and cognitive (memory) components of sociality: (1) are independent from each other, hence not supporting the occurrence of a sociality syndrome; and (2) are phenotypically linked to non-social traits, forming two general behavioral modules, suggesting that sociality traits have been co-opted from general-domain motivational and cognitive traits. Moreover, the study of the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and each behavioral module further supports this view, since several SNPs from a list of candidate “social” genes, are statistically associated with the motivational, but not with the cognitive, behavioral module. Together, these results support the occurrence of general-domain motivational and cognitive behavioral modules in zebrafish, which have been co-opted for the social domain. © 2022 The Authors. Genes, Brain and Behavior published by International Behavioural and Neural Genetics Society and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio