Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida
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Imagined and extended contact experiences and adolescent bystanders' behavioral intentions in homophobic bullying episodes
Get PDFystanders' helping interventions in bias‐based bullying are rare, although they have thepotential to intervene on behalf of the victim and quickly stop the aggression. Two studiestested, experimentally, the impact of adolescents' imagined (Study 1,N= 113,Mage=16.17) and extended contact experiences (Study 2,N= 174,Mage= 15.79) on assertivebystanders' behavioral intentions in the context of homophobic bullying, an under‐researched but highly detrimental behavior that emerges mainly during early adolescence.Potential mediators (empathic concern, social contagion concerns, and masculinity/femininity threat) were also examined. Results showed that female younger participantsrevealed more behavioral intentions to help victims of homophobic bullying when askedto imagine an interaction with an outgroup member (Study 1). Younger participantsrevealed less masculinity/femininity threat inthe positive extended contact condition, andfemale participants revealed less empathic concern in the negative extended contactcondition (Study 2). Overall, these findings identify specific conditions (e.g., youngerfemales) where indirect contact interventions (i.e., extended and imagined) are likely tohave a stronger impact. Age and sex differences were found to illustrate how adolescentsvary in their behavioral intentions, empathic concern, and threat; and also highlight theneed to further examine age and sex differences regarding responses to homophobic bullying episodes.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT): Validity Evidence from Brazil and Portugal
Get PDFThe Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT) has been gaining increased attention as a sound and
innovative instrument in its conceptualization of burnout. BAT has been adapted for several
countries, revealing promising validity evidence. This paper aims to present the psychometric
properties of the Brazilian and Portuguese versions of the BAT in both the 23-item and 12-item
versions. BAT’s validity evidence based on the internal structure (dimensionality, reliability, and
measurement invariance) and validity evidence based on the relations to other variables are the
focus of research. A cross-sectional study was conducted with two non-probabilistic convenience
samples from two countries (N = 3103) one from Brazil (nBrazil = 2217) and one from Portugal (nPortugal
= 886). BAT’s original structure was confirmed, and it achieved measurement invariance across
countries. Using both classic test theory and item response theory as frameworks, the BAT
presented good validity evidence based on the internal structure. Furthermore, the BAT showed
good convergent evidence (i.e., work engagement, co-worker support, role clarity, work overload,
and negative change). In conclusion, the psychometric properties of the BAT make this freely
available instrument a promising way to measure and compare burnout levels of Portuguese and
Brazilian workers.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
International standards for information literacy
Get PDFLibrarians working in higher education want to support students in the pursuit of their academic work, based on the good use of information. To this
end, they need to know the emerging pedagogical changes that they can
take advantage of when designing their courses, integrating this knowledge
into a more segmented, clear, and objective training offer, based on international references, published in the last decades, since the ACRL Standards,
until the ACRL Framework. The attention given to these documents can
prepare librarians for the necessary updating of skills, supporting innovation, and best practice achievement. This paper aims to systematise the evolution of concepts and practices of information literacy guidelines in higher education and identify their inspiration for the creation of Portuguese
guidelines. An exploratory inventory of international information associations was carried out to identify information literacy guidelines. The content analysis of these guidelines allowed the identification of pedagogical
trends in the performance of libraries and their professionals. The analysed
contents show an interpretative evolution of the guidelines, converging in
the ACRL Framework and the contents of the Portuguese recommendations
for academic libraries for the period 2020–2022. It is evident that updating
skills for librarians requires not only an awareness of sector trends, but also
transforming them into good practice and recommendations appropriate
for the national context.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Spatial enhancement due to statistical learning tracks the estimated spatial probability
Get PDFIt is well known that attentional selection is sensitive to the regularities presented in the display. In the current study we employed
the additional singleton paradigm and systematically manipulated the probability that the target would be presented in one
particular location within the display (probabilities of 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, and 90%). The results showed the
higher the target probability, the larger the performance benefit for high- relative to low-probability locations both when a
distractor was present and when it was absent. We also showed that when the difference between high- and low-probability
conditions was relatively small (30%) participants were not able to learn the contingencies. The distractor presented at a highprobability target location caused more interference than when presented at a low-probability target location. Overall, the results
suggest that attentional biases are optimized to the regularities presented in the display tracking the experienced probabilities of
the locations that were most likely to contain a target. We argue that this effect is not strategic in nature nor the result of repetition
priming. Instead, we assume that through statistical learning the weights within the spatial priority map are adjusted optimally,
generating the efficient selection priorities.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Attachment orientations and family functioning: The mediating role of emotion regulation.
Get PDFAttachment insecurity has been found to be associated with poor family functioning. The mechanisms underlying this link, however, are less explored. This study examines the potential mediating role of emotion regulation in the association between attachment orientations and family functioning. Self-report scales measuring attachment, family functioning, and emotion regulation were administered to 132 adults (58% women; 57.63 years). Results showed that both attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance were associated with poor family functioning. Furthermore, emotion suppression, but not positive reappraisal, was found to partially mediate the association between attachment insecurity (both anxiety and avoidance) and perceived family functioning. Findings suggest that emotion regulation seems to play a role in the impact that attachment orientations may have on family functioning.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
O papel da regulação emocional na relação entre esquemas emocionais e a sintomatologia obsessiva-compulsiva
Get PDFDissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA – Instituto
Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre
na especialidade de Psicologia ClínicaProblema: A forma como um indivíduo interpreta e perceciona as emoções está intimamente relacionada com processos de regulação emocional e com a psicopatologia. Estudos anteriores, revelaram associações entre esquemas emocionais e sintomatologia obsessiva-compulsiva, bem como, associações entre a dificuldade de regulação emocional e perturbação obsessiva-compulsiva. Na perturbação obsessiva-compulsiva, a dificuldade de regulação emocional é muito visível através das compulsões, que surgem como uma forma de regulação emocional disfuncional. No entanto, sendo a Perturbação Obsessiva-compulsiva a quarta perturbação mental mais comum, e devido à escassez de estudos que relacionem estas variáveis, torna-se essencial analisar o papel da Dificuldade de Regulação Emocional como variável mediadora desta relação, para aumentar conhecimentos nesta área. Objetivo: O principal objetivo é avaliar o papel mediador da dificuldade de regulação emocional, na relação entre esquemas emocionais e sintomatologia obsessiva-compulsiva. Método: A amostra não clínica é composta por 1219 participantes, avaliados num só momento. As variáveis do estudo são: esquemas emocionais, dificuldade de Regulação emocional e sintomatologia Obsessiva-compulsiva. Resultados: Foi demonstrado que a dificuldade de Regulação Emocional tem um papel mediador entre todos os esquemas emocionais e sintomatologia obsessiva-compulsiva, à exceção do esquema emocional dificuldade de Reavaliação, onde a dificuldade de Regulação Emocional não apresenta um papel mediador. Conclusão: Os resultados destacam a importância do papel da dificuldade de regulação emocional na compreensão da influência dos esquemas emocionais na sintomatologia obsessiva-compulsiva, salientando para a conveniência de focar a atenção, em psicoterapia, determinados esquemas emocionais, como: avaliação negativa da emoção; visão simplista; naturalização próprios sentimentos e necessidade ser racional.Problem: The way an individual interprets and perceives emotions is closely related to emotion regulation processes and psychopathology. Previous studies have revealed associations between emotional schemas and obsessive-compulsive symptoms, as well as associations between emotion regulation difficulties and obsessive-compulsive disorder. In obsessive-compulsive disorder, the difficulty of emotional regulation is very visible through compulsions, which appear as a form of dysfunctional emotional regulation. However, being obsessive-compulsive disorder the fourth most common mental disorder, and due to the scarcity of studies that relate these variables, it is essential to analyze the role of the Emotional Regulation Difficulty as a mediating variable of this relationship, to increase knowledge in this area. Objective: The main aim is to assess the mediating role of the Emotional Regulation Difficulty in the relationship between emotional schemas and obsessive-compulsive symptomatology. Method: The non-clinical sample is composed of 1219 participants, assessed at a single time point. The variables of the study are emotional schemas, emotional regulation difficulty and obsessive-compulsive symptomatology. Results: It was shown that Emotional Regulation Difficulty plays a mediating role between all emotional schemas and obsessive-compulsive symptomatology, except for the emotional schema Reappraisal Difficulty, where Emotional Regulation Difficulty does not play a mediating role. Conclusion: The results highlight the importance of the role of the Emotional Regulation difficulty in the understanding of the influence of the emotional schemas in obsessive-compulsive symptomatology, pointing out the convenience of focusing attention, in psychotherapy, on certain emotional schemas, such as: negative evaluation of the emotion; simplistic view; naturalization of one's own feelings and the need to be rational
Ghost crab predation of loggerhead turtle eggs across thermal habitats
Get PDFThe reproductive success of sea turtles is highly influenced by the environmental and biological conditions of the nesting beach. Maio Island, Cabo Verde, one of the main nesting sites for the Northeast Atlantic loggerhead subpopulation, displays marked heterogeneity of sand coloration, with dark, mixed and light sandy beaches, resulting in different thermal habitats. Considering that sand temperature can influence both sea turtle embryo development and predatory activity by ghost crabs – the main predators of clutches and hatchlings at Cabo Verde – we surveyed loggerhead nesting beaches at Maio Island, with three sand colorations (‘beach type’), to assess: 1) the density and size of ghost crab burrows, as a proxy for ghost crab density and size, and 2) ghost crab predation on 70 loggerhead nests. We further assessed nest site selection, by considering the number of nesting activities and clutches laid across beach type. There were no evident trends in the distributions of ghost crab density and size between years or beach type. We found that ghost crab predation is a major source of mortality in Maio Island, affecting 67.8% (n = 59) of the nests. Ghost crab predation was variable between beaches, but generally, at the warmer dark sand beaches, clutch mortality was mostly caused by ghost crab predation (53.2%, n = 17), while at the mixed sand beaches mortality by predation was low (7.5%, n = 18), compared to mortality due to other causes (49.9%), indicating that other factors can also significantly impact clutch survival. The mixed sand beaches had more nesting activities and higher nest density (2.29/m2; 1.25/m2, respectively), compared to the light sand (0.72/m2; 0.35/m2) and the dark sand beaches (0.73/m2; 0.27/m2), suggesting a possible predation-free nesting preference. Our findings show that some beaches are in need of nest protection, thus we recommend both in situ nest protection and egg translocation to safe hatcheries, depending on the threats identified, to enhance clutch survival at such heterogeneous nesting areas as Maio Island.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
A noninvasive eDNA tool for detecting sea lamprey larvae in river sediments: analytical validation and field testing in a low‐abundance ecosystem
Get PDFAnthropogenic activities are increasingly threatening aquatic biodiversity, especially
anadromous species. Monitoring and conservation measures are thus required to
protect, maintain and restore imperilled populations. While many species can be surveyed using traditional capture and visual census techniques, species that use riverine habitats in a less conspicuous manner, such as sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus,
can be more challenging to monitor. Sea lamprey larvae (ammocoetes) can spend several years in freshwater burrowed within soft sediments, inhibiting their detection
and assessment. Here, we present a qPCR assay based on the detection of environmental DNA (eDNA) to identify the presence of ammocoetes burrowed in the
sediment. We present an extensively validated method that ensured both speciesspecificity of the assay as well as the capacity to detect ammocoetes when abundances are low. Experiments on burrowing activity suggested that most of the DNA
released into the sediment occurs during burrowing. Overall, we demonstrate this
new molecular-based tool is an efficient and effective complement to traditional
monitoring activities targeting larval stages of sea lampreys.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Acolhimento familiar : perceções dos profissionais do sistema de promoção e proteção em Portugal
Get PDFAbstract: Family foster care (FFC) is the preferred out-of-home care measure for the protection of children and youth through Europe, in accordance with research findings of its superiority in meeting developmental needs of children and youth. Portugal, however, does not accompany the European trend in the implementation of FFC. Even after changes made to the law, prioritizing FFC, it represents only 2,7% of out-of-home placements (Instituto de Segurança Social, I.P. [ISS-IP], 2020). The main goal of this exploratory and descriptive study is to understand the perceptions of Portuguese child protection professionals concerning FFC. 101 participants, from different professional backgrounds and child protection contexts, filled out a questionnaire. Main findings show a heterogeneous degree of familiarity to FFC, and a generally positive although reserved attitude to it. Professionals seem to value its child-centred approach and ability to promote child development and healthy attachment relationships, due to the benefits of a family environment. Participants identified regulations and procedures related to selection, evaluation, training, and support to foster families both as obstacles and necessary conditions for placement success, indicating important arenas where change urges.Resumo: O Acolhimento familiar (AF) é uma medida de colocação considerada preferencial no quadro da promoção e proteção de crianças e jovens em risco, em linha com a evidência científica que suporta a sua capacidade de responder às necessidades desenvolvimentais de crianças e jovens. No entanto, Portugal não acompanha a tendência europeia de implementação do AF. Mesmo após mudanças legislativas que priorizam o AF, este representa apenas 2,7% das colocações em acolhimento em Portugal (Instituto de Segurança Social, I.P. [ISS-IP], 2020). Este estudo, exploratório e descritivo, tem como objetivo principal conhecer as perceções dos profissionais do sistema de promoção e proteção de crianças e jovens relativamente à medida de AF. Participaram no estudo 101 profissionais provenientes de vários contextos do sistema de promoção e proteção em Portugal. Os resultados mostram um nível heterogéneo de familiaridade com o AF, e uma atitude geral positiva, embora com reservas. Os profissionais valorizam o AF pelo facto de ser centrado na criança, promotor de relações de vinculação de qualidade e de um desenvolvimento saudável. Os participantes identificaram os procedimentos de seleção, avaliação, formação e acompanhamento às famílias de acolhimento tanto como obstáculos, como condições necessárias ao sucesso da medida, indicando estas como áreas fundamentais em que a mudança urge.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
The psychological impact of COVID-19 in the general population: A review and reflection in Portuguese Speaking Countries
Get PDFDespite being a global condition, the COVID-19 pandemic, has differential impacts,
expressed in different number of cases, deaths, information, political and cultural
issues. We review and summarized the literature related to the pandemic of COVID-19 in
Portuguese speaking countries. The goal of our review was: 1) summarize the research
that reported the prevalence of symptoms of anxiety, depression, post-traumatic
disorder, and other indicators of psychological impact in the general population from
Portuguese speaking countries, in specific Portugal and Brazil; 2) focus on the COVID-19
related experiences that can be associated with psychological issues; 3) reflect on
risk and protective factors that may be associated with psychological distress; and 4)
present some reflections about psychological processes that can explain the association
between the pandemic and mental health.Resumen
A pesar de ser una condición global, la pandemia del COVID-19, tiene impactos diferenciales,
manifestados en diferente número de casos, muertes, información, cuestiones políticas
y culturales. Resumimos la literatura relacionada con la pandemia de COVID-19 en los
países de habla portuguesa. El objetivo de nuestra revisión fue: 1) resumir la investigación
que informó la prevalencia de síntomas de ansiedad, depresión, trastorno postraumático
y otros indicadores de impacto psicológico en la población general de países de habla
portuguesa, en particular Portugal y Brasil; 2) centrarse en las experiencias relacionadas
con COVID-19 que pueden asociarse con problemas psicológicos; 3) reflexionar sobre los
factores de riesgo y protección que pueden estar asociados con la angustia psicológica;
y 4) presentar algunas reflexiones sobre procesos psicológicos que pueden explicar la
asociación entre pandemia y salud mental.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio