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Vulnerability in children with celiac disease: Findings from a scoping review
Get PDFBackground: The scientific literature highlights that children diagnosed with celiac disease (CD) are at a heightened risk of experiencing physical, psychological, and social challenges, impacting their overall healthy childhood development. However, there remains a lack of a clear understanding regarding the factors that contribute to this vulnerability. The purpose of this study is to analyze and map the evidence on the sociopsychosomatic vulnerability of these children and identify gaps in this topic. (2) Methods: Following Joanna Briggs Institute's guidelines for scoping reviews, we executed a detailed search of key electronic databases and explored the grey literature to capture a broad spectrum of studies. Our focus was on identifying research that looked into the multiple dimensions of vulnerability-physical, psychological, and social-in children with CD. We included a diverse range of study designs as well as systematic reviews, ensuring a comprehensive analysis. The selection process was stringent, utilizing clearly defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. (3) Results: We identified 61 studies that met our inclusion criteria. The review highlighted significant adverse health outcomes in children with CD and elucidated various individual and environmental determinants that influenced these vulnerabilities. It also underscored the lack of assessment tools to evaluate the risk of health problems in this population. (4) Conclusions: The findings underscore a critical need for further research to deepen our understanding of the vulnerabilities associated with CD in children. Developing targeted assessment tools will be crucial in stratifying health risks and enhancing care strategies for this vulnerable population
Depression and anxiety of portuguese university students: A cross-sectional study about prevalence and associated factors
Get PDFBackground. The mental health of university students has worsened over time, and it is young people who have suffered the most from the COVID-19 pandemic in terms of mental health. Anxiety and depression are the most common symptoms reported by university students and are often the cause of disabilities, either in academic performance or in other spheres of life. Aim. The aim of this study was to both assess the prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms in Portuguese university students and analyze the factors associated with these symptoms. Methods. A quantitative cross-sectional study with a sample of 3,399 university students from seven Portuguese higher education institutions was conducted. The following questionnaires were used: the generalized anxiety disorder assessment scale (GAD-7), the patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9), and a study-created sociodemographic questionnaire. The Kendall correlation coefficient, chi-square test of independence, Spearman correlation coefficient, Shapiro-Wilk test, Mann–Whitney-Wilcoxon test, and Kruskall-Wallis test were used to analyze the association between variables. The statistical analysis was done using the software R Statistics (Version 4.0.4), using a significance level of 0.05. Results. Mild to severe anxiety symptoms were reported by 75% of the participants, and 61.2% described mild to severe depressive symptoms. Of the sample, 19.5% reported a previous diagnosis of a mental disorder, with 38.7% diagnosed after the pandemic began. Additionally, 23% reported taking medication for mental health issues, and 26.7% had considered self-harm or harbored thoughts of being “better off dead.” The study found lower anxiety and depressive symptoms () among men, students with higher socioeconomic status, those who frequently traveled home, individuals without prior mental health diagnoses, those with better academic performance, and those who avoided substances like coffee, tobacco, cannabis, and other illegal psychoactive substances. Interestingly, students in romantic relationships exhibited more anxiety symptoms (). Moreover, participants who believed they had experienced moral or sexual harassment displayed higher levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms (). Conclusions. There was a decrease in the mental health of university students after the pandemic compared to prepandemic studies, and the proportion of students with anxiety and depressive symptoms was alarming. There is an urgent need to implement programs in universities to promote students’ mental health
Futile therapeutic nursing interventions in adult intensive care: A descriptive study
Get PDFBackground: Despite the progress made in recent decades on the phenomenon of futility in adult intensive care, recognizing it during clinical care practice remains a complex and sensitive process, during which questions are often raised for which concrete answers are difficult to find. Aims: To analyze the frequency with which futile nursing interventions are implemented in critically ill patients admitted to adult intensive care in specific situations and how often futile autonomous and interdependent nursing interventions are implemented in the same population, as perceived by adult intensive care nurses. Research design: Crosssectional, quantitative, and descriptive study, which employed a questionnaire constructed specifically for this research to assess the perception of therapeutic futility in nursing in adult intensive care. Following an evaluation of the psychometric properties, the questionnaire was made available in an electronic format on the EUSurvey platform between August and October 2024. The data was analyzed between November 2023 and March 2024 using the statistical software packages SPSS and R. Participants and research context: A
simple random sample of nurses working in level II and level III intensive care units in Portugal. Ethical considerations: Research ethical approvals were obtained, and the participants provided informed consent.
Findings/results: Four hundred and fourteen valid questionnaires were obtained. The results allow the identification of thirty-three statistically significant associations, the inference of intervals for the mean and median for the perception of futility of nursing interventions with a 95% confidence interval, and enable the hierarchization of nursing interventions implemented in critically ill patients admitted to adult intensive care units according to the nurses’ perception of their futility. Conclusion: There is a balance in nurses’ perception of the futility of their interventions in the specific situations analyzed. There is statistically significant evidence that interdependent nursing interventions are, in general, more frequently perceived as futile when compared to autonomous nursing interventions
Impact of family-centered care in families with children with intellectual disability: A systematic review
Get PDFBackground: Family-Centered Care (FCC) is an approach to healthcare planning, delivery and
evaluation, based on beneficial partnerships between health professionals, patients and families.
FCC may be particularly relevant for families with children with intellectual disability (ID), given
their needs of continuum care.
Objective: To identify which components of the FCC are practiced and which health outcomes are
considered effective in families with children with ID.
Method: A systematic review guided by the PRISMA STATEMENT 2020 approach and the STROBE
reporting guidelines was performed on specific databases through the EBSCOhost Web platform:
MEDLINE with Full Text, CINAHL PLUS with Full Text, Academic Search Complete and Psychology
and Behavioral Sciences Collection. Peer-reviewed articles published in English or Portuguese
languages from 2018 to September 2023 were retrieved. Methodological quality was established
using the Quality Assessment Tool for Observational, Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies – NHLBI,
NIH.
Results: Ten studies met the eligibility criteria and were synthetized. The results revealed nine
components, reflecting the way FCC was developed: shared decision-making; family education;
respect for culture; family engagement; recognition of the family’s needs, characteristics and
interests; specialized care support; social and emotional support; family functionality; and family
seen as a unit. The health outcomes demonstrate effective gains in improving children’s health
through family satisfaction with health services. Also achieved psychological and social benefits,
with improved family well-being and quality of life, favoring family empowerment.
Conclusions: The evidence suggests that FCC components involves an effective partnership between
the family and health professionals as the main key in developing care plans, as well as the
experience that the family unit brings to the delivery of care. FCC approach include all family
members as decision-makers, providing emotional, physical and instrumental levels of support.
Health outcomes emerged in three strands; for children with ID, families and health services
Associations between the severity of menopausal symptoms and musculoskeletal pain in postmenopausal portuguese women
Get PDFObjective: To analyze the association of the severity of the menopausal symptoms with musculoskeletal pain in Portuguese postmenopausal women. Methods: A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted on 167 women (63.85 ± 9.36 years). The Menopause Rating Scale was used to evaluate the menopausal symptoms severity, while the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire was employed to assess the localization of the musculoskeletal pain, and multi-located pain was determined if two or more body regions were affected. Depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), age, body mass index (BMI) and physical activity level were considered as potential confounders. Results: A greater severity of the somato-vegetative menopausal symptoms was related to the prevention from usual activities because of pain in the neck, shoulders,
elbows, wrists/hands and knees (R2 of Nagelkerke = 0.064, 0.043, 0.074, 0.045 and 0.045, respectively). Associations were also observed between greater age and pain in the knees, ankles and feet (R2 of Nagelkerke = 0.036 and 0.034, respectively), and being physically inactive with upper back pain (R2 of Nagelkerke = 0.060). Higher depressive symptoms were linked to pain in the hip/thighs and knees (R2 of Nagelkerke = 0.067 and 0.085, respectively), as well as being physically inactive was related ton in the neck (R2 of Nagelkerke = 0.053). Only a greater BMI was related to multi-located pain in the last 7 days (R2 of Nagelkerke = 0.041).
Conclusions: The findings of our study showed that, taking into account possible confounders, greater severity of the menopausal symptoms at a somatic-vegetative level was associated with more anatomical regions with musculoskeletal pain
Condições de segurança e saúde dos migrantes: O caso particular dos trabalhadores imigrantes em Odemira
Get PDFO presente estudo, consiste numa abordagem às Condições de Segurança e Saúde dos trabalhadores imigrantes, do sector agrícola, do concelho de Odemira. A temática é abordada com base numa revisão da literatura/estado da arte, bem como nos procedimentos metodológicos adotados, nomeadamente a aplicação de um inquérito por entrevista aos imigrantes, com base numa amostra intencional por conveniência, e a interlocutores privilegiados no âmbito do tema. Este inquérito foi validado por um painel de juízes, na área das Ciências Sociais e da Educação. Para o tratamento dos dados recolhidos recorreu-se à análise de conteúdo, do tipo temático categorial, com categorias definidas a priori.
Este tipo de população, maioritariamente composta por indivíduos cujos estudos não ultrapassam o ensino secundário, encontra-se de forma premente exposta a condições deficientes de Segurança e Saúde no Trabalho, devido à sua situação de precaridade laboral, acentuada por défices linguísticos e comunicacionais, que conduzem em muitos casos a situações de vulnerabilidade social e pobreza extrema. Perante este cenário, a maioria das medidas adotadas, não chegam aos imigrantes, que se fecham na sua comunidade, onde a comunicação flui e entre eles encontram formas de irem alcançando meios de sobrevivência. No entanto esta situação leva também ao desconhecimento dos seus direitos, abrindo lugar ao agravamento da falta de condições de vida, nomeadamente no que respeita à habitação, às condições e regalias laborais, de saúde e sociais.
Os que dominam a língua portuguesa ou inglesa aproveitam essa vantagem para explorar os recém-chegados. Com empresas de recrutamento de mão-de-obra e casas que subalugam não por espaço, mas por cama, amontoados em beliches em casas sobrelotas e sem condições mínimas de habitabilidade.
O acesso à saúde é mais fácil quando a legalização é uma realidade, com número de utente é-lhes possível ter médico de família, medicação comparticipada e baixas médicas. No entanto, esta realidade não é transversal a todos e muitos arrastam-se anos pelas ruas das freguesias do concelho de Odemira na esperança de um dia conseguirem a tão desejada legalização que lhes serve de passaporte para a Europa. As comunidades de acolhimento, vão aprendendo a viver e a conviver com estes imigrantes, não havendo relatos de discriminação, que surge apenas entre si, principalmente em contexto laboral.
Sujeitando-se a vidas miseráveis aguardam em média 5 a 6 anos até que todas as condições legais, suas e das suas famílias estejam reunidas, para que possam seguir o sonho de trabalhar e viver em países da europa com melhores salários e condições gerais de vida
Livro de resumos. 1ªs Jornadas de Terapia Ocupacional da Unidade Local de Saúde do Litoral Alentejano E.P.E. : “As Diferentes Perspetivas de um Terapeuta Ocupacional”
No full text1ªs Jornadas de Terapia Ocupacional da Unidade Local de Saúde do Litoral Alentejano E.P.E., 27 e 28 de outubro de 2023, Santiago do Cacé
Actividad física y salud en niños de 3 a 5 años
Get PDFVários estudos têm sido realizados no sentido de perceber quais os hábitos das crianças no que diz respeito à prática de atividade física (AF), ao comportamento sedentário (CS), e ao tempo de sono (HSono). O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar os hábitos de atividade física programada, comportamento sedentário e tempo de sono de crianças dos 3 aos 5 anos da cidade de Beja, Portugal. Estudo exploratório, com um desenho descritivo transversal e uma amostra de 49 crianças (3 anos: n=26, 53,1%; 4 anos: n=8, 16,3%; 5 anos: n=15,30,6%). Foi obtido consentimento informado pelos respetivos pais/encarregados de educação. Para recolha de dados utilizou-se o questionário do Inquérito Alimentar Nacional e de Atividade Física (Lopes et al., 2017). Para a análise do CS e HSono consideraram-se as indicações Canadianas do 24-Hour Movement Guidelines dos 0-4 anos (Tremblay et al. 2017). Para tratamento de dados recorreu-se ao software SPSS 28.0. A análise dos resultados demonstrou que 69,4% (n=34) das crianças tinha peso normal. Sobre os comportamentos ativos verificou-se que em média as crianças estão abaixo do que são as recomendações para a AF, min/dia, e menos de metade das crianças praticam ADesp (34,7%, n=17). Relativamente aos CS, verificou-se que o tempo gasto neste comportamento aumenta com o aumento da idade. Verificou-se também que as crianças com 4 anos têm HSono abaixo do ideal. Apesar da maioria das crianças apresentar peso normal, concluiu-se que grande parte não cumpre as recomendações para a prática de AF, nem as recomendações de HSono e passa demasiado tempo em CS