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Global variation in diabetes diagnosis and prevalence based on fasting glucose and hemoglobin A1c
Get PDFFasting plasma glucose (FPG) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) are both used
to diagnose diabetes, but these measurements can identify diferent
people as having diabetes. We used data from 117 population-based studies
and quantifed, in diferent world regions, the prevalence of diagnosed
diabetes, and whether those who were previously undiagnosed and
detected as having diabetes in survey screening, had elevated FPG, HbA1c
or both. We developed prediction equations for estimating the probability
that a person without previously diagnosed diabetes, and at a specifc
level of FPG, had elevated HbA1c, and vice versa. The age-standardized
proportion of diabetes that was previously undiagnosed and detected in
survey screening ranged from 30% in the high-income western region to
66% in south Asia. Among those with screen-detected diabetes with either
test, the age-standardized proportion who had elevated levels of both
FPG and HbA1c was 29–39% across regions; the remainder had discordant
elevation of FPG or HbA1c. In most low- and middle-income regions,
isolated elevated HbA1c was more common than isolated elevated FPG.
In these regions, the use of FPG alone may delay diabetes diagnosis and
underestimate diabetes prevalence. Our prediction equations help allocate
fnite resources for measuring HbA1c to reduce the global shortfall in
diabetes diagnosis and surveillance.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Afetos e diálogos nos comentários de Faria e Sousa a Os Lusíadas: a viagem do Gama em perspetiva
Get PDFAlguns anos após serem publicados os Comentários de Manoel Correia
(1613), vêm as Lusiadas de Luis de Camoens comentadas por Manuel de Faria e Sousa
(1639) reforçar e complementar o trabalho pioneiro do primeiro Comentador. A escassa
distância que separa estas duas obras, se é significativa quanto ao interesse consagrado
à epopeia, é também reveladora de que a excelência do poema justificava que, na esteira
de outros autores como Donato ou Sérvio, por exemplo, que haviam comentado Virgílio,
também agora Camões recebesse igual reconhecimento, pela pena de Faria e Sousa.
Ditava-o, mais do que o interesse individual do Comentador, a certeza de que a receção
da epopeia seria favorecida com a sua leitura exegética. Na verdade, a interpretação, a
tradução, a pesquisa filológica e o cotejo com fontes diversas, com relevo mais ou menos
acentuado, assumiam proporções notáveis, podendo desempenhar um importante papel
de difusão da obra dos autores comentados. Guiados pelo temário deste Congresso,
escolhemos dois dos seus termos: afetos e diálogo. Com o primeiro, analisaremos a
começar, a relação que se estabelece entre o Comentador e o texto comentado ou com
o autor deste, Luís de Camões, para depois partirmos para uma análise intratextual dos
afetos, tal quais eles se patenteiam ao longo da viagem do Gama. Quanto ao diálogo, ele
será observado no âmbito da rede de interconexão de textos que afluem a Os Lusíadas
ou deles derivam.A few years after the Commentaries by Manoel Correia (1613) were
published, the Lusiadas by Luis de Camoens commented by Manuel de Faria e
Sousa (1639) emerge to reinforce and complement the pioneering work of the first
Commentator. The small distance that separates these two works, if it is significant
in terms of the interest devoted to the epic, is also revealing that the excellence of the
poem justified that, in the wake of other authors such as Donato or Sérvio, for example,
who had commented on Virgílio, also now Camões received equal recognition, through
the pen of Faria e Sousa. This was dictated by, more than the individual interest of
the Commentator, the certainty that the reception of the epic would be favored by its
exegetical reading. In fact, interpretation, translation, philological research and
comparison with different sources, with more or less accentuated relevance, assumed
notable proportions, being able to play an important role in disseminating the work
of the authors discussed. Guided by the theme of this Congress, we chose two of its
terms: affections and dialogue. With the first, we will first analyze the relationship that is
established between the Commentator and the commented text or with its author, Luís de
Camões, and then we will move on to an intratextual analysis of the affects, as they are
evident throughout the journey of the Gamma. As for the dialogue, it will be observed
within the scope of the interconnection network of texts that flow into Os Lusíadas or
derive from them.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
A educação como instrumento de reabilitação em contexto prisional
Get PDFAs prisões cumprem, na atu alidade, um papel social ativo
na educação da população
que se encontra reclusa. A
estrutura da execução penal
portuguesa assenta num
modelo anglo-saxónico de re abilitação e reinserção social
e esta perspetiva traduz-se
numa desconstrução dos
comportamentos desviantes
e na possibilidade de aumen to das qualificações esco lares, académicas e profis sionais dos reclusos. Assim,
este modelo é um mecanis mo de progressão para uma
população que, por norma,
apresenta baixos níveis de
habilitações escolares e de
quase ausência de qualifi cação profissional.
Para que as prisões possam
ser instrumentos eficazes
de reabilitação, reinserção e
inclusão sociais é importante
que a população reclusa, por
outro lado, esteja recetiva
a este princípio. Sem essa
disponibilidade dificilmente
teremos sucesso na defesa
da ideia de que a educação
se deve assumir como um
instrumento de reabilitação
em contexto prisional.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Unravelling the potential of insects for medicinal purposes: a comprehensive review
Get PDFEntomotherapy, the use of insects for medicinal purposes, has been practised for centuries in
many countries around the world. More than 2100 edible insect species are eaten by humans, but
little is known about the possibility of using these insects as a promising alternative to traditional
pharmaceuticals for treating diseases. This review offers a fundamental understanding of the
therapeutic applications of insects and how they might be used in medicine. In this review, 235
insect species from 15 orders are reported to be used as medicine. Hymenoptera contains the
largest medicinal insect species, followed by Coleoptera, Orthoptera, Lepidoptera, and Blattodea.
Scientists have examined and validated the potential uses of insects along with their products and
by-products in treating various diseases, and records show that they are primarily used to treat
digestive and skin disorders. Insects are known to be rich sources of bioactive compounds,
explaining their therapeutic features such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, and so
on. Challenges associated with the consumption of insects (entomophagy) and their therapeutic
uses include regulation barriers and consumer acceptance. Moreover, the overexploitation of
medicinal insects in their natural habitat has led to a population crisis, thus necessitating the
investigation and development of their mass-rearing procedure. Lastly, this review suggests po tential directions for developing insects used in medicine and offers advice for scientists inter ested in entomotherapy. In future, entomotherapy may become a sustainable and cost-effective
solution for treating various ailments and has the potential to revolutionize modern medicine
Impact of Japanese beetles (Popillia japonica Newman) on the chemical composition of two grape varieties (Nebbiolo and Erbaluce) grown in Italy
Get PDFThe effect of Japanese beetles (P. japonica) on critical quality indicators of Nebbiolo and Erbaluce grapes, spe cifically on their phenolic and volatile composition, was assessed. Adult beetle symptoms include extended
skeletonization of leaves. Leaves are frequently left with their mid-vein intact but, when severely damaged,
quickly turn brown. However, the plant tends to recover by generating a new leaf apparatus and the grapes reach
ripeness. It emerged that the phenolic content of grapes produced by plants attacked by P. japonica (396 and 550
mg/kg, Nebbiolo and Erbaluce respectively) was generally higher when compared to healthy plants (266 and
188 mg/kg, Nebbiolo and Erbaluce respectively). Similarly, in the (red) Nebbiolo cultivar, the anthocyanin
content was significantly lower in grapes produced with healthy plants. The influence of P. japonica on the
volatile composition of Nebbiolo and Erbaluce grapes showed a total volatile fraction of affected grapes (433 and
439 µg/kg, respectively) significantly higher than the one related to healthy grapes (391 and 386 µg/kg,
respectively). In response to the attack by P. japonica the plant significantly increases the content of some volatile
compounds such as hexanal, (E)-2-hexenal, 1-hexanol, (E)-2-hexen-1-ol and phenyl ethyl alcohol
O sentido de "reculturalização" e as comunidades de aprendizagem profissional (CAP) na escola
Get PDFEste artigo consiste numa reflexão teórica que parte da existência, ainda relativamente comum, nas nossas escolas
e instituições escolares, de uma cultura escolar com formas que se revelam obstaculizantes a processos de
melhoria que envolvam os professores em discussões significativas e atitudes colaborativas ligadas às suas
próprias práticas. Neste sentido, abordamos a necessidade de desenvolvimento de um processo de
"reculturalização" em que os atores educativos participem ativamente, de forma colaborativa, na reconstrução dos
ambientes educacionais e na reformulação das respetivas práticas pedagógicas, visando a melhoria da efetividade
da aprendizagem dos alunos e da sua própria profissional idade docente. Defendemos as comunidades de
Aprendizagem Profissional (CAP) como instrumentos essenciais neste processo, na circunstância de se
constituírem como ambientes conceituais compostos por diferentes profissionais e agentes educativos orientados
para práticas de partilha de ideias e reflexões sobre métodos e estratégias de ensino e aprendizagem,
desenvolvendo-se perspetivas e orientações de ação compartilhadas pelos diversos membros, sobre os desafios
enfrentados. Nesta análise, destaca-se ainda, o papel fundamental da figura do líder do estabelecimento para a
facilitação e apropriação pelos agentes educativos da instituição de um sentido de partilha, colaboração e
envolvimento nos objetivos das CAP, ao mesmo tempo que alertamos para possíveis constrangimentos na sua
efetivação.This article comprises a theoretical reflection that stems from the prevalent existence, still relatively common in
our schools and educational institutions, of a school culture with forms that prove to be obstacles to improvement
processes involving teachers in meaningful discussions and collaborative attitudes linked to their practices. In this
context, we address the necessity to initiate a process of "reculturalization" in which educational actors actively
participate, in a collaborate way, reconstructing educational environments and reformulating their pedagogical
practices. The objective is to enhance the effectiveness of student learning and elevate their own teaching
professionalism. We advocate for Professional Learning Communities (PLCs) as indispensable instruments in this
process. They constitute conceptual environments comprising diverse professionals and educational agents
oriented toward sharing ideas and reflections on teaching and learning methods and strategies, thereby developing
perspectives and guidelines for action shared among the various members to address the challenges faced. In this
analysis, it also underscores the pivotal role of the establishment's leader in facilitating and fostering the
appropriation by educational agents of a sense of sharing, collaboration, and involvement in the objectives of the
PLC. At the same time, we caution about possible constraints in their implementation
Estudo exploratório das características psicométricas do perfil PERMA em contexto educativo de ensino superior
Get PDFO Modelo PERMA de Seligman (2011) postula que o bem-estar é um construto que
envolve cinco grandes pilares: (P) emoções positivas; (E) envolvimento, (R) relações
positivas, (M) significado; e (A) realização pessoal. Neste âmbito a escala PERMA Profiler foi desenvolvida por Butler e Kern (2016a) com base neste modelo. Este
instrumento já foi adaptado e validado em vários outros países: Itália (Giangrasso, 2018),
Alemanha (Wammerl et al., 2019), Grécia (Pezirkianidis et al., 2019), entre outros. Os
resultados desses estudos fornecem, de modo geral, evidências de confiabilidade
adequadas. A presente investigação contou com uma amostra (N = 204) de alunos e
docentes de ensino superior e visa fornecer evidência acerca das características
psicométricas do PERMA-Perfil (Butler & Kern 2016a), da versão adaptada de Pocinho
et al. (2020), para o meio educativo de ensino superior português, assim como avaliar a
consistência interna e fiabilidade da escala. Além do mais, pretende-se compreender as
diferenças encontradas no bem-estar tendo em conta o género, idade e tipo de participante.
Os resultados permitiram constatar: características psicométricas adequadas (Emoções
Positivas, α = .86; Relações, α = .76; Significado, α = .86; Realização, α = .67, Emoções
Negativas, α = .70; Saúde, α = .79), à exceção do fator Envolvimento (α = .57); diferenças
significativas no bem-estar tendo em conta o género (no domínio das relações, emoções
negativas e saúde), a idade (no envolvimento, significado e realização) e o tipo de
participante (num item do fator envolvimento); e uma tendência para um maior bem-estar
docente comparativamente ao bem-estar discente.Seligman's PERMA Model (2011) postulates that well-being is a construct that involves
five major pillars: (P) Positive emotions; (E) Engagement, (R) Relationships, (M)
Meaning; and (A) Accomplishment. In this context, the PERMA-Profiler scale was
developed by Butler and Kern (2016a) based on this model. This instrument has already
been adapted and validated in several other countries: Italy (Giangrasso, 2018), Germany
(Wammerl et al., 2019), Greece (Pezirkianidis et al., 2019), among others. The results of
these studies generally provide adequate reliability evidence. The present research had a
sample (N = 204) of higher education students and teachers and aims to provide evidence
about the psychometric characteristics of the PERMA-Profiler (Butler & Kern 2016a),
the version adapted from Pocinho et al. (2020), for the Portuguese higher educational
environment, as well as to assess the internal consistency and reliability of the scale.
Moreover, it is intended to understand the differences found in well-being considering
gender, age, and type of participant. The results showed: adequate psychometric
characteristics (Positive Emotions, α = .86; Relationships, α = .76; Meaning, α = .86;
Accomplishment, α = .67, Negative Emotions, α = .70; Health, α = .79), except for the
Engagement factor (α =. 57); significant differences in well-being considering gender (in
the relationships, negative emotions, and health domains), age (in engagement, meaning,
and accomplishment), and participant type (in one item of the engagement factor); and a
tendency toward higher teacher well-being compared to student well-being
Nota de Leitura. Os de lá de riba. Os saberes e o linguajar de um povo de Alda Barreiros e Maria Alves
Get PDFinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Microplastic ingestion and plastic additive detection in pelagic squid and fish: implications for bioindicators and plastic tracers in open oceanic food webs
Get PDFThe ubiquitous presence of microplastics (MPs) in the ocean represents a potential threat to marine organisms, with
poorly understood long-term adverse effects, including exposure to plastic additives. The present study investigated
the ingestion of MPs in two epipelagic fish species (Trachurus picturatus and Scomber colias) and three pelagic squid spe cies (Loligo vulgaris, Ommastrephes caroli and Sthenoteuthis pteropus) from an open oceanic region of the Northeast Atlan tic. Seven phthalate esters (PAEs) were also analysed in the organisms' tissue, and the potential correlation between
PAEs concentrations and ingested MPs was investigated. Seventy-two fish and 20 squid specimens were collected
and analysed. MPs were found in the digestive tract of all species and in the squid species' gills and ink sacs. The highest
occurrence of MPs was in the stomach of S. colias (85 %) and the lowest in the stomach and ink sac of O. caroli and
L. vulgaris (12 %). Most of the particles identified (>90 %) were fibres. Among all the ecological and biological factors
considered (dietary preferences, season, body size, total weight, liver weight, hepatosomatic index and gastrosomatic
index), only gastrosomatic index (GSI) and season were significant predictors of MPs ingestion in fish species, with a
greater likelihood of ingestion in the cold season and in specimens with higher GSI values (i.e. higher feeding inten sity). Four PAEs (DEP, DIBP, BBP, DEHP) were detected in all the species analysed, with average ∑PAEs concentrations ranging between 10.31 and 30.86 ng/g (wet weight). DIBP was positively correlated with ingested MPs, suggesting
this compound might represent a “plastic tracer”. This study looks into the problem of MPs ingestion for pelagic species
in an open oceanic region, highlighting the most suitable bioindicators and providing essential insights into the factors
that may influence ingestion rates. Additionally, the detection of PAEs in all species indicates the need for further re search on the contamination sources, the effects of these chemicals on marine organisms, and the potential risks to
human health through seafood consumption
The "missing" perspective in strategic management
Get PDFThe firm is not an independent entity striving for survival in a hostile environment. Instead,
the firm is embedded in intricate business networks while operating in competitive markets.
The firm is strongly connected to several counterparts via lasting cooperative relationships
and engaged in purely arm’s-length relations with some of its suppliers and customers. Since
all firms are interdependent, their strategy cannot be a tool deployed at will in zero-sum
games. A new, essentially relational conception of strategy is in demand.
This conceptual paper aims to consolidate the so-called ‘missing’ perspective in the Strategic
Management field. By building upon the realistic premise of a ‘co-opetitive’ business world
wherein inter-firm competition and cooperation coexist, that missing perspective ought to
depict strategy as a pattern of decisions and actions with a twofold purpose: firstly, the firm’s
(reactive) adaptation to a largely anonymous and unresponsive environment; and secondly,
the (proactive) interrelation of the firm with and the shaping of a full-faced and changing
business context.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio