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A Segurança em Sistemas de Agricultura de Precisão: uma abordagem Zero Trust
No full textOs sistemas de Agricultura de Precisão (AP), cruciais para a agricultura moderna, dependem fortemente dos dados recolhidos por vários sensores. Este documento explora as complexidades da segurança desses sistemas, propondo uma estratégia prática baseada na abordagem Zero Trust (ZT). Analisou-se três cenários-chave de segurança - Acesso Físico Não Autorizado, Manipulação de Dados e Alteração de Comunicações - revelando vulnerabilidades que exigem uma defesa completa. Combinando as medidas tradicionais de cibersegurança, como os controlos de acesso físico e a encriptação de dados, com os princípios da ZT, como a verificação contínua e a eliminação remota de dispositivos, melhorou-se a segurança do acesso físico e da integridade dos dados. No vasto cenário de ameaças da AP, esta abordagem combina medidas convencionais e de ZT para uma segurança robusta. Cada cenário de segurança destaca os riscos e as contramedidas, sublinhando a necessidade de uma postura de segurança adaptável e resiliente. A combinação proposta não só protege os dispositivos e os dados na AP, como também estabelece uma base fiável para enfrentar os desafios da cibersegurança em constante evolução. Ao adotar esta abordagem abrangente, as organizações podem proteger eficazmente os ativos críticos, garantindo a continuidade e a confiança nas operações agrícolas.Precision Agriculture (PA) systems, crucial for modern farming, heavily rely on data gathered from various sensors. This document explores the complexities of securing these systems, proposing a practical strategy grounded in the Zero Trust (ZT) approach. Delved into three key security scenarios—Unauthorized Physical Access, Data Manipulation, and Communication Alteration—revealing vulnerabilities that require a well-rounded defense. Combining traditional cybersecurity measures, like Physical Access Controls and Data Encryption, with ZT principles such as Continuous Verification and Remote Device Purge, the security of both physical access and data integrity has been improved. In the diverse threat landscape of PA, this approach blends conventional and ZT measures for robust security. Each security scenario highlights risks and countermeasures, underscoring the need for an adaptive and resilient security stance. The proposed fusion not only safeguards devices and data in PA but also establishes a reliable foundation to tackle evolving cybersecurity challenges. By adopting this comprehensive approach, organizations can effectively protect critical assets, ensuring the continuity and trust in agricultural operations
Contributos do Método Montessori no contexto da Educação Pré-escolar: um estudo de caso em Angola
No full textO Relatório consiste num estudo de caso exploratório em profundidade, de cariz qualitativo, e visa compreender os contributos da aplicação do Método Montessori, especificamente no contexto da educação pré-escolar, bem como enfatizar a importância do contacto com a natureza e o ambiente ao ar livre para promover um desenvolvimento saudável e completo da criança. Para alcançar tal objetivo, procedemos a uma revisão da literatura e complementamo-la com a análise de dados empíricos. Como principal técnica de recolha de dados optámos pela inquirição por entrevista a duas Educadoras de Infância que utilizam o Método Montessori no Jardim de Infância em que exercem a sua atividade, em Angola. Esta investigação está dividida em três partes. A primeira parte é relativa à Fundamentação Teórica, onde são apresentados os conceitos, teorias e referências relevantes do Método Montessori e sobre a sua aplicação na educação de infância. A segunda parte é dedicada à apresentação e tratamento dos dados recolhidos na instituição angolana supramencionada, com recurso a três fontes complementares: análise documental e inquirição por entrevista. A terceira parte consiste numa descrição reflexiva da Prática de Ensino Supervisionada nos contextos do Pré- escolar e do 1.º CEB, caracterizando os contextos educativos de estágio: meio sociogeográfico, caraterização do grupo e organização do espaço educativo, com destaque para as atividades ao ar livre.The report consists of an in-depth exploratory case study, of a qualitative nature, and aims to understand the contributions of applying the Montessori Method, specifically in the context of pre-school education, as well as emphasizing the importance of contact with nature and the outdoor environment in promoting healthy and complete child development. To achieve this goal, we carried out a literature review and complemented it with an analysis of empirical data. As our main data collection technique, we chose to interview two kindergarten teachers who use the Montessori method in the kindergarten where they work, in Angola. This research is divided into three parts. The first part relates to the Theoretical Framework, which presents the relevant concepts, theories and references of the Montessori method and its application in early childhood education. The second part consists of a reflective description of the Supervised Teaching Practice in the Pre-school and 1st CEB contexts, characterizing the educational contexts of the internship: sociogeographic environment, characterization of the group and organization of the educational space, with emphasis on outdoor activities. The third part is dedicated to the presentation and processing of the data collected in the Angolan institution mentioned above, using three complementary sources: document analysis; photographic record and interview
Evaluation of the effectiveness of a Sexual Education Program for adolescents: a mixed study
No full textBackground: Sexuality is part of everyone's life, especially during adolescence, when young people are discovering themselves and experiencing several changes. Adolescents need to be informed about their sexuality, so they seek and receive information about it from a variety of sources and on topics. Methods: This systematic review aimed to synthesize studies that analysed the sources adolescents use and topics they search for. Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed articles published in Portuguese, Spanish, or English and with population between 12 and 20 years old were included in this study. To fulfil the proposed objectives, three online databases (EBSCOhost, PubMed, and Web of Science) were used. Results: The search resulted in the extraction of 1373 articles, of which 49 were considered eligible for inclusion, published between 1970 and 2022. Overall, it was found that adolescents use a wide range of sources of information and look for information on various topics. Discussion: The most common sources of information are family, friends, school, Internet, depending mainly on the reliability of the source and the anonymity when using it. The main topics adolescents search for are sexual intercourse, contraception, relationships, and LGBT issues since these are less addressed topics. Conclusion: These results are useful in a practical way as a basis for the development of sex education programs that correspond to the needs of adolescents, since they allow us to know what information they are looking for and the sources from which they can receive it
Relatório de Estágio em contexto profissional no Laboratório de Patologia Clínica de um Hospital E.P.E.
No full textO presente trabalho é parte integrante do plano de estudos do Mestrado de Biologia Clínica Laboratorial da Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, incluindo o relatório de estágio nas áreas de Biologia Molecular, Bioquímica e Imunoquímica, Hematologia e Coagulação e ainda Microbiologia, realizado no laboratório de Patologia Clínica do Hospital Santa Maria Maior E.P.E. em Barcelos, no período de 6 de Dezembro de 2021 a 15 de Julho de 2022. Este relatório teve como objetivo a integração no Serviço de Patologia Clínica onde decorreu o estágio, retratar o trabalho desenvolvido e executá-lo, garantir a qualidade do serviço, desde a fase pré-analítica até à pós-analítica, de forma a conseguir desenvolver competências para o processamento de amostras, de forma a dar o melhor diagnóstico e terapêutica ao doente. Descreve-se então neste relatório, as atividades realizadas, desde a chegada da amostra ao laboratório, a sua triagem e processamento, até ao envio dos resultados para o médico competente
Feline lower urinary tract disease: a one-year retrospective study
No full textFeline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD) describes a syndrome that affects the bladder and/or urethra of cats. FLUTD is characterized by acute lower urinary signs, which can include pollakiuria, stranguria, periuria, dysuria, and hematuria. These clinical signs are not specific to any disease. The conditions associated with FLUTD are feline idiopathic cystitis (FIC), urolithiasis, urethral plugs, urinary tract infections (UTI), anatomical abnormalities, and neoplasia. This dissertation is a retrospective study on a population of 43 cats diagnosed with FLUTD, that attended Maia Veterinary Hospital over a 1 year period, from 10 October 2021 to 10 October 2022. This study aimed to analyze and comprehend the population’s characteristics, history, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment, and to compare the results with the literature. Among the population of this study, the median age was 3 years old, most animals were male, European shorthairs, lived exclusively indoors, and came in as a first episode of the disease. Most of the cats presented to consultation with urinary clinical signs, the most common being anuria, pollakiuria, and hematuria. The most common diagnosis found was urolithiasis (39.6%), followed by FIC (20.9%), UTI (9.3%), and struvite urolithiasis with a concurrent UTI (7%). A diagnosis was not reached in 23,3% of cases. Twenty-seven animals (62.8%) presented with the obstructive form of FLUTD. When an animal presents with lower urinary tract signs, a full diagnostic workup should be performed to uncover the etiology behind the clinical signs. This will allow the clinician to choose the correct course of treatment and prevent future recurrences, which are a common characteristic of this disease.A doença do trato urinário inferior felino (DTUIF) é uma síndrome que afeta a bexiga e/ou uretra dos gatos. A DTUIF é caracterizada por sinais clínicos agudos do trato urinário inferior, que podem incluir polaquiúria, estrangúria, periúria, disúria e hematúria. Estes sinais clínicos não são específicos de nenhuma doença. As condições associadas à doença do trato urinário felino incluem cistite idiopática felina, urolitíase, plugs uretrais, infeções do trato urinário, anomalias anatómicas e neoplasias. Esta dissertação é um estudo retrospetivo de uma população de 43 gatos diagnosticados com DTUIF, que frequentaram o Hospital Veterinário da Maia ao longo de um período de 1 ano, de 10 de outubro de 2021 a 10 de outubro de 2022. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar e compreender as características da população, história, apresentação clínica, diagnóstico e tratamento, e comparar os resultados com a literatura. Na população deste estudo, a idade media era de 3 anos, a maioria dos animais era do sexo masculino, de raça europeu comum, vivia exclusivamente indoor e veio como um primeiro episódio da doença. Sinais clínicos urinários foram o motivo que levou a maioria dos animais à consulta, sendo os mais comuns anúria, polaquiúria e hematúria. O diagnóstico mais comum foi urolitíase (39,6%), seguido por cistite idiopática felina (20,9%), infeção do trato urinário (9,3%) e urolitíase por estruvite com uma infeção do trato urinário concomitante (7%). Em 23,3% dos casos, não foi possível alcançar um diagnóstico. Vinte e sete animais (62,8%) apresentaram a uma obstrução uretral. Quando um animal apresenta sinais clínicos do forro urinário, é importante uma avaliação diagnóstica completa, de forma a descobrir a etiologia responsável pelos sinais clínicos. Isso permitirá ao clínico escolher o tratamento correto e prevenir futuras recorrências, que são uma característica comum desta doença
Effect of organically amended growing media on growth and development of hot pepper plants
No full textReconhecimento de Graus e Diplomas EstrangeirosCapsicum frutescens (hot pepper) is a short lived plant and is generally propagated through seeds. Raising of nursery plantlets through seeds can be influenced by different variables including growing media. To check this an experiment was planned to evaluate the effect of various growing mixes on the hot peppers nursery raised through seed. Seeds of two cultivars were sown in various combinations of media mixes e.g. (sand, silt, rice husk, FYM, wheat straw and peat moss) under greenhouse conditions. Different nursery parameters (germination rate, germination%, chlorophyll contents, dry weight of seedlings, fresh weight of seedlings, diseased seedlings per treatment and healthy seedlings per treatment) were recorded. After transplantation in the field data is recorded for stem diameter, days to flowering, days to fruit set, days to first harvesting, yield per plant and yield per acre along with the measurement of respiration rate, transpiration rate and chlorophyll contents. The trial was arranged according to complete randomized design (CRD) with three replications whereas, field trail was arranged according to randomized complete block design (RCBD). Data were analyzed by using ANOVA technique and means were compared using LSD test at 5% of significance level. Results concluded that T1(silt and sand), T2 (silt, wheat straw and FYM), T3 (silt, sand, rice husk and FYM) and T4 (silt, sand and compost) showed the best results as compared to other treatments. While, regarding the variety evaluation the variety Skyline -2 perform better as compared to Magma. So, it is suggested that T2 (Silt + Wheat straw +FYM) can be used as nursery raising media to achieve maximum vegetative and reproductive growth in chilli crop
Study of pornography use by young people: relevance to sex education in schools
No full textBackground: The visualization of pornography, combined with inadequate and lack of comprehensive sexual education, has surfaced as the main way through which adolescents obtain sexual information. Due to the limited information available in the literature, this study aims to synthesize scientific evidence regarding the motivations that adolescents have for viewing online pornography. Methods: Databases from EBSCOhost, Web of Science, and PubMed were used and complemented by hand search. Studies were selected following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. To assess the methodological quality of the included articles, two JBI critical appraisal checklists were used, and the main findings were synthesized. Results: The search yielded 2188 articles, of which 10 were deemed eligible for inclusion. Overall, it was observed that adolescents view sexually explicit content for various reasons, such as sexual curiosity, to learn about sexuality and sexual acts, entertainment, relaxation, to combat loneliness and boredom, as well as a form of sexual gratification, support for masturbation, promotion of social connections, and peer group influence. Interpretation: The results of the present systematic literature review highlight the complexity of adolescents’ motivations for viewing pornography online. Viewing sexually explicit content is recognized as a normative practice among this age group, in which sexual curiosity, seeking knowledge about sexuality and sexual acts, entertainment, relaxation, combating loneliness and boredom, sexual gratification, support for masturbation, promotion of social connections, and peer group influence are among the primary motivations for its use. Conclusion: Future interventions should consider these motives to address adolescents needs
The use of dating Apps by youth
No full textBackground: Dating apps are online mobile devices that help individuals to develop intimate relationships. Given the lack of research on the consequences of them on mental health, this systematic literature review sought to summarise existing evidence regarding applications that impact users' self-esteem and body image. Methods: Three online databases (EBSCOhost, PubMed, and Web of Science) were used on the 18th of April, 2023 to conduct this systematic review. The selected studies integrated empirical articles that address self-esteem and body image, published in Portuguese, English and/or Spanish, with an adult population that uses dating apps. The Quantitative Research Assessment Tool and the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Qualitative Research were used to assess the risk of bias. Findings: The search yielded 180 articles, 15 of which were considered suitable for inclusion. A hand search identified two studies, resulting in a total sample of 17 articles published between 1985 and 2023, with a minimum of 22 participants and a maximum of 3,345. The results suggest that dating apps may have an adverse impact on their users' self-esteem and body image. Interpretation: Users might face undesirable experiences due to the use of dating apps, which may compromise their mental and physical health. Conclusion: Future research should employ representative samples and methodologies that allow for establishing causality. This systematic review emphasises the need for more investigation in the field of dating apps due to the lack of scientific evidence, particularly in terms of self-esteem and body image outcomes
Relationship between gang involvement and mental health: a study with adolescents
No full textBackground: Callous-unemotional (CU) traits identify a subgroup of youth with severe and persistent patterns of antisocial behaviour that present unique characteristics that can be a challenge to intervene with. To get a sense of the interventions in youth with CU traits, a systematic literature review was conducted. Methods: The online databases EBSCOhost, PubMed, and Web of Science were used. Following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, studies with a range of settings and participants, that adopted a randomized controlled trial, a controlled trial, or an open trial design and that examined if treatment had impact on CU traits were included. The Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies was used to assess risk of bias.Results: A total of 1573 studies were selected for eligibility analysis, with 20 articles being included in the final sample, published between 2011 and 2022. Most studies (n=10) found reductions in CU traits, while three studies did not. Regarding predictors and moderators, studies reported that high-CU was associated with worse outcomes and other three stated that youths did no better and/or worse in response to the treatment. Meanwhile, two studies reported positive treatment outcomes. Discussion: Overall, youth with CU traits benefit from treatment, but children with high levels of CU traits display a worse post-treatment than those with low CU traits. Language bias, variation in terms of setting, duration, modality, population, study design, and reports usage to access efficacy of intervention of the included studies were acknowledged as possible sources of bias
Experiência na área de Citogenética convencional e FISH no diagnóstico de Leucemias Mielóides
No full textA citogenética consiste no estudo da função, morfologia e estrutura dos cromossomas. Esta área divide-se em citogenética convencional, que compreende técnicas de bandeamento e citogenética molecular que abrange técnicas de hibridação in situ fluorescente, que permitem a identificação de alterações cromossómicas, não detetáveis pelas técnicas de citogenética convencional. A citogenética revelou-se crucial para o diagnóstico, prognóstico e monitorização de tratamentos de patologias de diversas áreas da medicina, particularmente de neoplasias hematológicas. A incidência das doenças hemato-oncológicas ou neoplasias hematológicas na sociedade atual é um problema grave, devido à sua elevada representatividade, estimada em 8%. Estas neoplasias têm vindo a aumentar nos últimos anos, devido, entre outros motivos, ao aumento da esperança média de vida. As doenças hemato-oncológicas, têm origem nas células hematopoiéticas, que sofreram alterações e categorizam-se de acordo com a linhagem celular, em neoplasias mielóides e neoplasias linfóides. As técnicas utilizadas no diagnóstico de neoplasias hematológicas englobam a citogenética convencional e molecular, especificamente o bandeamento cromossómico e a hibridação in situ fluorescente (FISH). Este relatório de estágio aborda cinco neoplasias hematológicas: quatro de linhagem mielóide – Doença Mieloproliferativa (três amostras); Leucemia Mielóide Crónica (dezoito amostras); Síndrome Mielodisplásico (vinte e uma amostras); Leucemia Mielóide Aguda (sete amostras); e uma de linhagem linfóide - Mieloma Múltiplo (onze amostras). Estas amostras anonimizadas e excedentárias foram processadas por cultura celular in vitro direta e todos os procedimentos técnicos desde a sementeira até à obtenção de metafases, bandeamento e análise cromossómica por citogenética convencional; até à análise por citogenética molecular com recurso à técnica de FISH com painéis de sondas específicos para cada tipo de neoplasia hematológica. De referir que foram detetadas alterações cromossómicas em vinte e nove das amostras analisadas. Concluímos que a utilização de ambas as abordagens nas doenças hemato-oncológicas, foi crucial uma vez que ambas têm vantagens e limitações e assim complementam-se. Este estágio permitiu-me a integração na rotina do Laboratório de Genética do Centro Hospitalar de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro e a realização autónoma de técnicas de citogenética convencional e molecular.Cytogenetics involves the study of the function, morphology, and structure of chromosomes. It is divided into conventional cytogenetics, which includes banding techniques, and molecular cytogenetics, which encompasses fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) techniques that allow the identification of chromosomal alterations not detectable by conventional cytogenetic techniques. Cytogenetics has proved to be crucial for the diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring of pathologies in different areas of medicine, particularly hematologic malignancies. The incidence of hematologic malignancies, or hematological neoplasms, in modern society is a serious problem due to their high prevalence, estimated at 8%. These neoplasms have been increasing in recent years, partly due to the increase in average life expectancy. Hematologic malignancies originate from hematopoietic cells that have undergone changes and are categorized into myeloid neoplasms and lymphoid neoplasms, according to cell lineage. The techniques used in the diagnosis of hematologic neoplasms include conventional and molecular cytogenetics, specifically chromosomal banding and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). This internship report addresses five hematologic neoplasms: four of myeloid lineage— Myeloproliferative Disease (three samples), Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (eighteen samples), Myelodysplastic Syndrome (twenty-one samples), Acute Myeloid Leukemia (seven samples)—and one of lymphoid lineage—Multiple Myeloma (eleven samples). These anonymized and surplus samples were processed through direct in vitro cell cultures, and all the technical procedures from seeding to obtaining metaphases, banding, and chromosomal analysis were performed. Additionally, they underwent analysis through molecular cytogenetics using the FISH technique with specific probe panels for each type of hematological neoplasia. It is worth mentioning that chromosomal alterations were detected in twenty-nine out of the analyzed samples. We concluded that the use of both approaches in hematological oncology diseases was crucial as each approach has its advantages and limitations, thereby complementing each other. This internship allowed me to integrate into the routine of the Genetics Laboratory at the Trásos-Montes e Alto Douro Hospital Center and independently perform autonomously conventional and molecular cytogenetic techniques