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Real-Time Decision-Making in Production Scheduling: A Comparative Analysis of AI-Driven Constraint Programming vs. Human Approaches
No full textDissertation presented as the partial requirement for obtaining a Master's degree in Data Science and Advanced Analytics, specialization in Data ScienceArtificial Intelligence (AI) is a field of research in computer science focused on developing
systems capable of performing tasks that usually require human intelligence. These tasks
include learning from data, recognizing patterns, making decisions, and solving problems
autonomously. Scheduling is the process of organizing, coordinating and efficiently allocating
resources and tasks within a specified timeframe. Optimizing scheduling refers to the
systematic process of improving resource allocation to achieve optimal efficiency and
production goals, reduced costs, and improved responsiveness. In the fast-evolving landscape
of manufacturing, optimizing production scheduling is pivotal for maintaining competitiveness
and efficiency. In this study, a comparative analysis of AI-driven Constraint Programming and
traditional human heuristics in real-time decision-making for production scheduling is
presented. An AI-driven model was developed using Google's OR-Tools, minimizing demand
not met and, consequently, changeover times. The performance of both methods was tested
on five different experimental scenarios with different schedule days, work centers, materials,
and mold combinations and compared according to time of schedule, number of changeovers,
machine utilization, and demand at risk. The obtained results indicate a significant
improvement in scheduling efficiency with the AI-driven approach. The AI model reduced the
average scheduling time by 97%, decreased changeover frequency by 36.76%, improved
machine utilization by 5.12%, and material in risk detection by 125%. This study concludes
that integrating AI into production scheduling markedly enhances efficiency and resource
utilization compared to traditional human heuristics. The findings significantly underscore the
impact of AI on manufacturing, indicating that the widespread adoption of AI can lead to
substantial improvements in operational efficiency
A Legítima Recusa na Execução da Garantia Bancária First Demand - O entendimento jurisprudencial de prova líquida
No full textThis dissertation aims to investigate the legitimate grounds for a guarantor’s refusal to execute a bank guarantee on first demand. Although beneficiaries can claim payments with minimal requirements, merely by notifying the guarantor, the execution of such guarantees can be obstructed if there is evidence of abuse or fraud. To legitimately refuse payment, clear and unequivocal proof of the alleged abusive behavior must be presented to the guarantor. This study provides a detailed analysis of the nature of bank guarantees
and the relationships between the parties involved, examining national case law, and comparing it with international practices to identify the types of evidence acceptable to prevent the execution of a guarantee on first demand.Esta dissertação pretende investigar as causas legítimas para a recusa de execução, pelo garante, de uma garantia bancária à primeira solicitação. Embora os beneficiários possam exigir os pagamentos com requisitos mínimos, bastando a mera interpelação ao garante, a execução dessas garantias pode ser impedida se houver evidências de abuso ou fraude. Para recusar o pagamento legitimamente, devem ser apresentadas ao garante provas claras e inequívocas do alegado comportamento abusivo. Este estudo realiza uma análise detalhada da natureza das garantias bancárias e das relações entre as partes envolvidas, examinando a jurisprudência nacional e comparando-a com práticas internacionais para
identificar os tipos de provas aceitáveis para impedir a execução da garantia à primeira solicitação
Projeto ECOS Machico
No full textO presente relatório resulta do estágio curricular desenvolvido no âmbito do Mestrado
em Gestão do Território, Área de Especialização em Ambiente e Recursos Naturais. O
estágio desenvolveu-se ao longo de seis meses, entre janeiro e junho de 2022, na
Associação Insular de Geografia na Região Autónoma da Madeira.
Neste relatório estão descritas as atividades realizadas aquando do estágio curricular,
com maior relevância para o cálculo da Capacidade de Carga Turística, na Ponta de São
Lourenço.
É possível verificar, em muitos locais ambientalmente sensíveis, um aumento da pressão
resultante da visitação, resultado da massificação do turismo e das consequências que
ao mesmo estão ligadas. Torna-se, portanto, importante que se tomem medidas que
visem a proteção destes sítios.
A pensar nestes problemas, Cifuentes, em 1992, criou um modelo que calcula o limite
máximo recomendado de pessoas que podem visitar áreas protegidas, para que os
visitantes tenham uma experiência agradável e que os impactes causados sejam
minimizados.
Ao cálculo da Capacidade de Carga Turística também está associada a monitorização de
visitantes em pontos de interesse. Neste relatório foram analisados os dados da
monitorização de visitantes em cinco locais do concelho de Machico, para avaliar se
estes apresentavam alguma pressão, em termos de visitação.This report is the result of a curricular internship developed within the Master´s degree
in Territorial Management, Specialization in Environment and Natural Resources. The
internship took place over six months, between January and June 2022, at Associação
Insular de Geografia in the Madeira Autonomous Region.
This report describes the activities conducted during the curricular internship, with
relevance for the calculation of the Tourism Carrying Capacity of Ponta de São Lourenço.
It is possible to notice that, in many environmentally sensitive places, there is an
increasing pressure resulting from tourism massification and the consequences linked
to it. It is therefore important that measures are taken to protect these areas.
With these problems in mind, Cifuentes, in 1992, created a model that calculates the
maximum recommended limit of people who can visit protected areas, so that visitors
have a pleasant experience, and the impacts caused are minimized.
The calculation of the Tourism Carrying Capacity is also associated with the monitoring
of visitors at points of interest. In this report, data from the monitoring of visitors in five
areas in the municipality of Machico were analyzed, to know if they were under pressure
in terms of visitation or if they are able to receive more visitation
ESTRATÉGIAS DE REFORMULAÇÃO DE PRODUTOS ALIMENTARES VISANDO A REDUÇÃO DO TEOR EM AÇÚCAR
No full textOs açúcares, principalmente derivados da cana-de-açúcar e da beterraba sacarina, têm sido um elemento básico na dieta humana há séculos, fornecendo energia e potenciando o sabor e a textura dos alimentos. No entanto, o consumo excessivo de açúcares está ligado a vários problemas de saúde, incluindo obesidade, aparecimento de cáries, diabetes e doenças cardiovasculares.
O objetivo desta dissertação foi o de apresentar estratégias que permitam substituir ou reduzir a utilização do açúcar na indústria alimentar, realçando os seus pontos negativos e positivos, com principal enfoque nas alternativas ao açúcar. Através desta revisão narrativa, permitiu identificar quais as alternativas usadas para a diminuição do consumo de açúcares, através de alguns projetos e políticas alimentares, como o Programa Nacional para a Alimentação Saudável (PNPAS) e a taxação dos produtos com açúcar, bem como a utilização de diferentes tipos de edulcorantes, energéticos, não energéticos e adoçantes naturais, como xilitol, manitol, lactitol, isomalte, eritritol, maltitol, sorbitol, advantame, aspartame, ciclamato, acessulfame k, sucralose, glicosídeos de esteviol, sacarina, neotame, mel, fruta do monge, alulose, D-alose, tagatose e trealose. Foram ainda identificados os riscos para a segurança alimentar e ambiental de cada edulcorante e as suas propriedades.Sugars, mainly derived from sugar cane and sugar beet, have been a staple of the human diet for centuries, providing energy and enhancing the flavour and texture of food. However, excessive consumption of sugars is linked to various health problems, including obesity, tooth decay, diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
The aim of this dissertation was to present strategies to replace or reduce the use of sugar in the food industry, highlighting its negative and positive points, with a focus on alternatives to sugar. Through this narrative review, it was possible to identify the alternatives used to reduce sugar consumption, through some food projects and policies, such as the National Healthy Eating Programme (PNPAS) and the taxation of sugar-containing products, as well as the use of different types of sweeteners, such as xylitol, mannitol, lactitol, isomalt, erythritol, maltitol, sorbitol, advantame, aspartame, cyclamate, acesulfame k, sucralose, steviol glycosides, saccharin, neotame, honey, monk fruit, allulose, D-allose, tagatose and trehalose. The food and environmental safety risks of each sweetener and their properties were also identified
A critical analysis of the European Union´s legal framework of supervision of national budget policies and its federal implications
No full textO presente trabalho visa discutir a legalidade dos poderes da União Europeia de supervisão dos orçamentos nacionais, tendo em conta as normas dos Tratados relativas à distribuição e divisão de poderes entre a União e os Estados Membros.
A tese encontra-se dividida em duas partes. Na primeira parte discute-se a força normativa dos atos das instituições europeias (mormente, a Comissão e o Conselho) emitidos no âmbito dos poderes de coordenação económica (poderes de definição, de supervisão e de assistência), tendo em conta a discrepância entre a forma dos atos (recomendações e orientações), o seu objeto prescritivo, e os mecanismos coercivos para reagir contra a violação de tais atos.
Após análise histórica, discussão dos poderes e do sistema normativo em que operam, e consideração dos seus efeitos práticos, conclui-se que os mesmos podem ter, em certos momentos (sobretudo nos poderes de supervisão e nos poderes de assistência) uma força normativa de caráter vinculativo, acabando por permitir uma interferência mais ou menos direta da União Europeia na definição dos orçamentos nacionais.
A segunda parte deste trabalho considera a legalidade federal destes poderes de coordenação económica, isto é: de que forma é que os mesmos respeitam os princípios de organização de poder (os princípios federais) estabelecidos nos Tratados. Após discussão do problema do equilíbrio de autoridade inerente à constituição de uma federação, são identificados e discutidos os princípios federais da União Europeia, organizados enquanto princípios de integridade, princípios de lealdade, e princípios de resolução de conflitos. Por último, avaliam-se os poderes de coordenação económica com estes mesmos princípios.
Este trabalho conclui que os poderes de coordenação económica, ao permitirem a interferência da União Europeia na capacidade dos Estados Membros definirem os seus orçamentos nacionais, violam os princípios federais de integridade e lealdade, sendo que a resolução de conflitos está dependente do acordo entre os governos nacionais, o que permite a captura das instituições da UE por alguns Estados Membros e que podem desta forma utilizar a UE como instrumento para imposição das suas políticas a outros Estados,
enquanto se protegem a si mesmos da aplicação de sanções por violação dos princípios comuns. Uma reforma do sistema torna-se, deste modo, necessária.This work aims to discuss the legality of the European Union's powers of supervision of national budgets, taking into account the rules of the Treaties regarding the distribution and division of powers between the Union and the member states.
The thesis is divided into two parts. The first part discusses the normative force of the acts of the European institutions (mainly, the Commission and the Council) issued within the scope of economic coordination powers (powers of definition, supervision and assistance), taking into account the discrepancy between the form of the acts (recommendations and guidelines), their prescriptive object, and the coercive mechanisms to react against the violation of such acts.
After historical analysis, discussion of the powers and the normative system in which they operate, and consideration of their practical effects, it is concluded that they may have, at certain times (especially supervisory powers and powers of assistance) a normative force of a binding nature, eventually allowing a more or less direct interference of the European Union in the definition of national budgets.
The second part of this work considers the federal legality of these powers of economic coordination, that is: how they respect the principles of power organization (the federal principles) established in the Treaties. After discussing the problem of the balance of authority inherent in the constitution of a federation, the federal principles of the European Union are identified and discussed, organized as principles of integrity, principles of loyalty, and principles of conflict resolution. Finally, the powers of economic coordination are evaluated vis-à-vis the principles of federal order.
This work concludes that economic coordination powers, by allowing the European Union to interfere in the ability of member states to set their national budgets, violate the federal principles of integrity and loyalty, and conflict resolution is dependent on agreement among national governments, which allows for the capture of EU institutions by some member states, who can thus use the EU as a tool to impose their policies on other states, while protecting themselves from sanctions for violating the common principles. A reform of the system is therefore necessary
Navigating Privacy Boundaries: A Comparative Analysis of GDPR and LGPD in the Context of Sexual Orientation Data
No full textThis thesis conducts a comprehensive comparative analysis of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) of the European Union (EU) and the Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados (LGPD) of Brazil, focusing specifically on the handling of sexual orientation data. Despite the robust frameworks of both GDPR and LGPD, there exists a significant gap in the literature regarding their specific provisions and application to sexual orientation data. This study aims to fill this gap by identifying and examining relevant articles and clauses within each regulation that pertain to the collection, storage, processing, and protection of this sensitive data. The research explores the regulatory landscape, comparing the similarities and differences in the approaches of GDPR and LGPD, including definitions, principles, legal bases for processing, and protections afforded to sexual orientation data. Additionally, it identifies the compliance challenges faced by data controllers and processors and assesses the implications for individuals and organisations. The study's significance lies in its potential to contribute to both academic research and practical applications in data protection, particularly for the LGBTQIA+ community. By providing insights into the regulatory environment and its practical implications, this research advocates for stronger data protection measures to safeguard the privacy and rights of LGBTQIA+ individuals, and offers valuable guidance for policymakers, legal
professionals, and organisations operating in multiple jurisdictions.Esta dissertação realiza uma análise comparativa abrangente entre o Regulamento Geral de Proteção de Dados (GDPR) da União Europeia e a Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados (LGPD) do Brasil, com foco específico no tratamento de dados de orientação sexual. Apesar das estruturas robustas tanto do GDPR quanto da LGPD, existe uma lacuna significativa na literatura sobre as suas disposições específicas e a aplicação aos dados de orientação sexual. Este estudo visa preencher essa lacuna, identificando e examinando os artigos e cláusulas relevantes de cada regulamento que dizem respeito à recolha, armazenamento, processamento e proteção destes dados sensíveis. A pesquisa explora o panorama regulamentar, comparando as semelhanças e diferenças nas abordagens do GDPR e da LGPD, incluindo definições, princípios, bases legais para o processamento e proteções oferecidas aos dados de orientação
sexual. Adicionalmente, identifica os desafios de conformidade enfrentados pelos controladores e processadores de dados e avalia as implicações para indivíduos e organizações. A importância do estudo reside no seu potencial para contribuir tanto para a pesquisa académica como para as aplicações práticas na proteção de dados, especialmente para a comunidade LGBTQIA+. Ao fornecer insights sobre o ambiente
regulamentar e as suas implicações práticas, esta pesquisa advoga por medidas de proteção de dados mais rigorosas para salvaguardar a privacidade e os direitos dos indivíduos LGBTQIA+, e oferece orientação valiosa para legisladores, profissionais do direito e organizações que operam em múltiplas jurisdições
How to position Amorim sports as the recognized leader in sustainable and high-performance solutions for the turf s sports fields? - brand identity for Amorim sports
No full textAmorim sports is a new business-to-business company from Amorim Cork Composites which specializes in sustainable and high-performance sports surfaces solutions, infills and shock pads made from cork or cork composites intended for use in sports systems. This report aims at examining how to position Amorim Sports as the recognized leader in sustainable and high-performance solutions for the turf sports fields, analyzing the worldwide market environment in which the company is involved. Hence, the Work Project presents a strategic marketing plan and an integrated marketing communication plan for the brand to achieve this challenge
-Samsung field lab voids: impact of demand forecasting accuracy improvement on shareholder value creation.-
No full textVOIDS is a data science student entrepreneurial project that aims to integrate marketing into demand planning, helping companies to achieve the most accurate way of planning and shaping future demand. The following work applies this vision in a lean agile start-up framework, implementing state-of-the-art deep learning time series forecasting techniques in the business context of the global consumer electronic brand Samsung. Evaluation results reveal significant shareholder value creation potential driven by double-digit improvement in forecasting accuracy. Resulting in improvements of VOIDS stakeholder key-performance-indicators, mainly due to increase in net-operating-profit resulting from top and bottom-line improvements and positive capital impacts
Stream IMC - how to leverage sogrape´s wine business in the Uk: place strategy
No full textThis report examines the theory regarding Place and Channel Design, to develop relevant conclusions for Sogrape’s distribution strategy. Two main channels were identified: on-trade and off-trade. The channel was analysed through a Service Output Demand analysis where market segmentation was carried out to identify the segments served, and also through Efficiency Tables across channel functions. Furthermore, premium channel members were chosen and an intensive distribution strategy was proposed. Through Gap Analysis, the main gaps were identified, highlighting the gap in spatial convenience, and solutions for closing them were proposed. Following this, possible channel conflicts and power sources were identified
Analyzing the barriers and factors of adoption of digital currencies among students in higher education
No full textIn recent years, there have been significant increases in the holding, buying, selling and
transacting of digital currencies, in some parts of the world. These currencies present many
advantages over fiat currencies. Yet, for many individuals there are barriers that prevent them
from using digital currencies, proven by e.g., the low cryptocurrency adoption percentage in
Portugal (<2,5%). This study, which is built on a Business Project for Mastercard about Smart
Cities and Digital Currencies, aims to identify the barriers and factors of adoption of digital
currencies in Portugal, by analysing a group of the fastest adopters – students in higher
education