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As tarefas do treinador de guarda-redes numa equipa de futebol
Get PDFDissertação para obtenção do grau de mestre em Desporto - Atividades desportivas para criançasSegundo o Programa da Unidade Curricular de Estágio do Mestrado em Desporto, da Escola Superior
de Desporto de Rio Maior, o Estágio contribuirá para um dos principais objetivos do Mestrado, a
formação especializada e o conhecimento científico no contexto profissional do desporto.
O Estágio decorreu na entidade acolhedora Centro Desportivo de Fátima (CDF) e o estagiário
integrou a equipa técnica como Treinador de GR do escalão de Juvenis, equipa “A”, em Futebol.
Intervindo na sua área de especialização o treino desportivo de guarda-redes (GR), tinha como
objetivo geral descrever as prinicpais tarefas do treinador de GR integrado na equipa técnica do
escalão acima referido.
Foram identificados dois problemas principais para investigação e análise, no que respeita às
funções do treinador de GR. O primeiro começa na definição do microciclo de treino, analisando
todas as ações do GR em jogo, para perceberem quais os momentos de jogo mais realizados em
competição, e desta forma ser possivel definir o microciclo de treino ajustado aos momentos que
acontecem mais em competição, preparando os GR´s o para aquilo que é o jogo. Segundo problema
identificado e após revisão de literatura, foi identificar qual a carga interna e externa que os GR´s
de futebol de formação têm no treino e jogo. Este ponto ganha ainda mais relevância por ser algo
único e esclusivo na formação, por não existirem muitos estudos com dados de carga interna e
externa em GR de formação.
O presente trabalho estará divido em três partes, a primeira de descrição das terefas como treinador
de GR e coordenador de GR da formação e duas outras na base da investigação e análise de dados,
que correspondem aos problemas anteriormente apresentados. A segunda parte refere-se ao
estudo quantitativo das ações realizadas em jogo pelos GR através do sistema de observação
SOTDGRJ. A terceira parte relaciona-se com estudo sobre análise do impacto da carga interna
realizando a recolha de dados através da Perceção Subjetiva de Esforço (PSE), Índice de Hooper (IH),
e Cardiofrequencímetro e a recolha da carga externa através do sistema de Global Positioning
System (GPS).
Este estudo fornece novos dados sobre a carga física realizada por jovens GR durante uma
temporada competitiva. Estudos futuros devem considerar os diferentes tipos de exercícios de treino (por exemplo, força, velocidade, reação e resistência) para fornecer melhores práticas de
gerenciamento de carga para treinadores e sua equipe.According to the Internship Curricular Unit Program of the Master's in Sport, of the Higher Sports
School of Rio Maior, the Internship will contribute to one of the main objectives of the Master's,
specialized training, and scientific knowledge in the professional context of sport.
The Internship took place at the welcoming entity Centro Deportivo de Fátima (CDF) and the intern
joined the technical team as a GR Coach at the Youth level, team “A”, in Football.
Intervening in his area of specialization the sports training of goalkeepers (GR), the general objective
was to describe the main tasks of the GR coach integrated in the technical team of the level.
Two main issues for investigation and analysis were identified about the roles of the RG trainer. The
first starts with the definition of the training microcycle, analyzing all the actions of the RG in the
game, to understand which game moments most are performed in competition, and in this way, it
is possible to define the training microcycle adjusted to the moments that happen more in
competition, preparing the GR's for what the game is. The second problem identified and after
reviewing the literature was to identify the internal and external load that training soccer RGs have
in training and in the game. This point gains even more relevance because it is something unique
and exclusive in training, as there are not many studies with internal and external load data in
training RG.
The present work will be divided into three parts, the first one describing the tasks as RG trainer and
training RG coordinator and two others based on research and data analysis, which correspond to
the previously presented problems. The second part refers to the quantitative study of the actions
carried out in game by the RG through the SOTDGRJ observation system. The third part is related to
a study on the analysis of the impact of the internal load, collecting data through the Subjective Perception of Exertion (RPE), Hooper Index (HI), and Cardiofrequency Meter and the collection of
the external load through the Global Positioning System (GPS).
This study provides new data on the physical load performed by young GR during a competitive
season. Future studies should consider different types of training exercises (e.g., strength, speed,
reaction, and endurance) to provide better load management practices for coaches and their staff.N/
Análise do efeito de diferentes protocolos de exercício físico sobre a depressão em adultos
Get PDFO exercício físico (EF) é um tratamento eficaz para a depressão, sozinho ou como
coadjuvante. Contudo, dada a falta de indicadores relativos à frequência, intensidade,
duração e tipo de EF, o presente estudo visa sintetizar e analisar o efeito dose-efeito
dos diferentes protocolos de EF em sujeitos adultos no tratamento da depressão, com
base na análise dos RCTs. A pesquisa foi realizada utilizando bases de dados
electrónicas Web of Science, PubMed e Cochrane Library. Foram identificados estudos
com uma intervenção baseada em exercícios, publicados até 31 de Dezembro de 2021.
Foram também incluídos ensaios controlados aleatórios e meta-análises envolvendo
adultos com depressão. Foram seleccionados dez estudos, incluindo um total de 956
sujeitos. Os tamanhos dos efeitos foram resumidos utilizando diferenças médias
padronizadas (95% de intervalos de confissão) através de modelos aleatórios
efetuados. Os resultados obtidos no presente estudo reforçam que o exercício parece
ser benéfico na melhoria da depressão entre adultos com 18-65 anos de idade.
Observou-se que intervenções com duração superior a 150 min/semana de intensidade
moderada e intervenções de grupo parecem ter um efeito mais significativo na redução
da depressão. Estudos revelaram que o EF aeróbico, comparado com o treino de
resistência ou flexibilidade, tem um efeito mais positivo sobre a depressão. Concluímos
que o EF pode ser uma forma de reduzir a depressão e pode ser utilizado como uma
possível ferramenta adjuvante para tratamentos farmacológicos e/ou alternativos.Physical exercise is an effective treatment for depression, alone or as an adjunct.
However, given the lack of indicators regarding the frequency, intensity, duration and
type of PE, the present study aims to synthesize and analyze the dose-effect of differ ent PE protocols in adult subjects in the treatment of depression, based on the analysis
of RCTs. The search was conducted using Web of Science, PubMed and Cochrane Li brary electronic databases. Studies with an exercise-based intervention published by
December 31, 2021, were identified. Randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses
involving adults with depression were also included. Ten studies were selected, includ ing a total of 956 subjects. Effect sizes were summarized using standardized mean dif ferences (95% confession intervals) by effected randomized models. The results ob tained in the present study reinforce that exercise appears to be beneficial in improv-ing
depression among adults aged 18-65 years. It was observed that interventions last-ing
above 150 min/week of moderate intensity and group interventions seem to have a more
significant effect on reducing depression. Studies have revealed that aerobic PE,
compared to resistance or flexibility training, has a more positive effect on depression.
We conclude that PE can be a way to reduce depression and can be used as a possible
adjunctive tool for pharmacological and/or alternative treatments.N/
Estudo da aplicação de um regenerador de solos numa parcela de tomate de indústria: aplicação de um regenerador de solos à base de microrganismos benéficos, para redução do desenvolvimento de microrganismos fitopatogénicos como nemátodes, bactérias e fungos de solo
Get PDFDissertação apresentada para a obtenção do grau de Mestre na área de Engenharia Agronómica, na Escola Superior Agrária de Santarém, Instituto Politécnico de SantarémEste estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos da aplicação de um regenerador de solos
(NEMAGREEN), um produto biológico à base de microrganismos, nomeadamente Azotobacter
choococcum na cultura de tomate para indústria (Solanum lycopersicum L.).
Dada a crescente necessidade de se desenvolverem práticas mais ecológicas e sustentáveis no
setor agrícola, este produto surge como uma alternativa que visa melhorar a estrutura do solo e o
sistema radicular das plantas, fornecer microrganismos benéficos ao solo, evitando o
desenvolvimento de organismos fitopatogénicos, em particular, nemátodes, bactérias e fungos de
solo.
Foi realizado um ensaio em dois setores de rega com 2,9 ha, numa parcela com 18 ha, onde
foram testadas duas modalidades: (i) A ensaio em branco, não se aplicou o regenerador e (ii) B
onde se aplicou o regenerador de solos (20L/ha). Este trabalho experimental foi realizado com
amostras aleatórias em três repetições com trinta plantas, em cada modalidade/repetição.
A avaliação dos parâmetros microbiológicos do solo, assim como as análises de solo foram
feitas antes da plantação e imediatamente antes da colheita. O registo dos parâmetros de
desenvolvimento das plantas foi efetuado, 30, 60 e 90 dias após plantação e a produção estimada
assim como os parâmetros de qualidade dos frutos foi realizada no final do ensaio.
O regenerador de solos foi aplicado na rega e avaliou-se o desenvolvimento radicular das
plantas, macroelementos primários presentes no solo, população de nemátodes, bactérias, fungos
micorrízicos, artrópodes, produção estimada e grau brix.
Os resultados mostraram que a aplicação do regenerador de solos tem efeitos benéficos no
desenvolvimento radicular das plantas, resultando num aumento de produção e qualidade dos
frutos. Verificou-se um aumento das micorrizas, a vida do solo (atividade B-glucosidade), número
de frutos por planta e diminuição na percentagem de frutos verdes.
Apesar de não se terem verificado diferenças significativas relativamente à presença de
artrópodes, azoto disponível, fosforo assimilável, nemátodes, bactérias fixadoras de azoto, vida
no solo (atividade desidrogenase), brix, cor e calibre houve uma melhoria após a aplicação do
regenerador de solos. Estes resultados indicam que a aplicação continuada do regenerador de
solos poderá ser uma boa alternativa mais agroecológica para a melhoria da saúde do solo.This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the application of a soil regenerator
(NEMAGREEN), a biological product based on microorganisms, namely Azotobacter
choococcum, in the tomato crop for industry (Solanum lycopersicum L.).
Given the growing need to develop more ecological and sustainable practices in the
agricultural sector, this product appears as an alternative that aims to improve the structure of the
soil and the root system of plants, provide beneficial microorganisms to the soil, preventing the
development of phytopathogenic organisms, in in particular, soil nematodes, bacteria and fungi.
A test was carried out in two irrigation sectors with 2.9 ha, in a plot with 18 ha, where
two modalities were tested: (i) A blank test, the regenerator was not applied and (ii) B where the
regenerator was applied of soils (20L/ha). This experimental work was carried out with random
samples in three replications with thirty plants, in each modality/repetition.
The evaluation of soil microbiological parameters, as well as soil analyzes were carried
out before planting and immediately before harvesting. The recording of plant development
parameters was performed 30, 60 and 90 days after planting and the estimated production as well
as the fruit quality parameters were performed at the end of the trial.
The soil regenerator was applied in irrigation and the root development of plants, primary
macroelements present in the soil, population of nematodes, bacteria, mycorrhizal fungi,
arthropods, estimated production and brix degree were evaluated.
The results showed that the application of the soil regenerator has beneficial effects on
the root development of plants, resulting in an increase in production and fruit quality. There was
an increase in mycorrhiza, soil life (B-glucosity activity), number of fruits per plant and a decrease
in the percentage of green fruits.
Although there were no significant differences regarding the presence of arthropods,
available nitrogen, assimilable phosphorus, nematodes, nitrogen fixing bacteria, soil life
(dehydrogenase activity), brix, color and gauge, there was an improvement after the application
of the soil regenerator. These results indicate that the continued application of the soil regenerator
may be a good, more agroecological alternative for improving soil health.FEADER , PDRN/
What is the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on financial performance of fitness centers?
Get PDFPurpose: This study aims to understand the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the financial performance of fitness centers in Portugal, for this purpose, financial indicators are compared before and during the pandemic period. With this study we intend to understand if all or just some financial indicators had a negative impact with the pandemic. It is also the purpose of this paper to understand whether the financial performance of fitness centers depended on their size, number of employees and sales volume. Design/methodology/approach: The sample was obtained from the Sabi database. The elements for Portugal were: the Economic Activity Code 93130 – Gym activities (fitness) and the entities that had information for the years 2019, 2020 and 2021 on: sales, EBITDA, EBIT, net income, solvency, borrowing, liquidity and number of employees. The sample is 689 entities. Results and conclusions: The results obtained showed statistically significant influences on variables such as: dimension and sales volume. There is statistical evidence that financial indicators obtained worse results in the years of the pandemic (2020 and 2021) essentially due to the period in which it was not possible to develop the activity in person.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Learning to cycle: a constraint-led intervention programme using different cycling task constraints
Get PDFBackground: Cycling is a foundational movement skill which represents
an important motor milestone to achieve in children’s lives. The use of
a bicycle with training wheels is the most common approach for
learning how to cycle, although some evidence suggests that this
approach is counterproductive.
Purpose: Underpinned by an ecological perspective and Constraints-led
approach, this study investigated whether learning how to ride a
conventional bicycle in childhood can be shaped by the specific task
constraints related to the kind of training bicycle used beforehand (i.e.
balance bike or bicycle with training wheels). This comparison could
guide pedagogical practice to facilitate children’s learning in cycling
and their independent riding.
Methods: The Learning to Cycle intervention programme was introduced
to 25 children (M = 6.08 ± 1.19 years) who could not previously cycle,
divided into two treatment groups. One group trained with a bicycle
with training wheels (BTW) and another with a balance bicycle (BB) for
six sessions, followed by four sessions with a conventional bicycle (CB).
The acquisition of independent cycling was assessed, based on
established cycle learning milestone achievements, without help: (i) selflaunch,
(ii) riding for at least 10 (consecutive) metres, and (iii), braking.
To be considered an independent rider, participants needed to achieve
all these milestones, without any external help. During the CB sessions,
the number of sessions that each child needed to acquire each learning
milestone and independent cycling were recorded.
Results: The programme led to a success rate of 88% for achievement of
independent cycling on a conventional bicycle, differentiated by 100%
success in the BB group and 75% in the BTW group. The BB participants
were significantly faster in learning to self-launch, ride, brake, and cycle
independently, compared to BTW participants.
Conclusions: The Learning to Cycle programme was effective for
facilitating learning in children from three years of age onwards. Using
the BB instead of the BTW seems to lead to a more effective and
efficient acquisition of independent cycling at earlier ages.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Levels of Physical Activity in Portuguese Children: the Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic
Get PDFPortuguese children spend about eight hours/day in sedentary behaviours, presenting only one hour in active play. This inactivity rate is about 84%. The lower levels of physical activity (PA) trigger several health problems in children and, after, in adult-hood. With the appearance of the pandemic of COVID-19 and, consequently, increase of confined tasks like distance learning, has been verified the PA decrease and screen and sedentary behaviours increase in children. The objectives are: i) verify PA levels; ii) compare PA levels between genders, before and during the pandemic. The questionnaire “Cuestinário Pictórico de la Actividad Físca Infantil” has been translated and applied in Portugal, across the platform Google Forms, having been answered by 61 children of aver-age age of 12.0±3.1 years. Before the pandemic, male children practice more PA. During the pandemic, has been verified a practise decrease in both genders. The PA levels settled between “Little active” and “Nothing active”, not checking differences between gen-ders. The child’s age affected positively the formal PA in academies and clubs and, negatively the informal practise. It has been veri-fied that lower PA levels are associated with higher weight values. Portuguese children PA levels are well below the recommended, situation that worsened during the pandemic. In order to combat childhood inactivity and overweight, it is necessary to develop measures to promote PA early specially in situations of pandemic and/or confinement, in which PA reaches even lower levels.Keywords: Children, Physical Activity, COVID-19, PortugalLos niños portugueses pasan unas ocho horas/día en conductas sedentárias, prestando solo una hora en juego activo. Esta tasa de inactividad es del 84%. Los niveles bajos de actividad física (AF) desencadean varios problemas de salud n los niños y, posteri-ormente, en la vida adulta. Con la aparición de la pandemia COVID-19 y, en consequência, un aumento de las tareas de confinamen-to, a saber, aprendizaje a distancia, se espera que haya habido una diminución en la AF y un aumento en los comportamentos de pan-talla y los niveles de estilo de vida sedentário en los niños. Los objetivos son: i) comprovar los niveles de AF; ii) comparar los niveles de AF entre sexos, antes y durante la pandemia. El cuestionario “Cuestionario Pictórico de la Actividad Física Infantilfue traducido y aplicado en Portugal, a través de la plataforma Google Forms, habiendo sido respondido por 61 niños com una edad promedio de 12,0±3,1 años. Antes de la pandemia, los niños varones praticaban más AF. Durante la pandemia, hubo una disminución en la prácti-ca en ambos sexos. Los neveles de AF se establecieron entre “Poco ativo” y “Nada activo”, sin diferencia entre sexos. La edad de los niños influyó positivamente en la práctica informal. También se encontro que niveles más bajos de AF se asocian con valores más altos de peso. Los niveles de AF de los niños portugueses son muy inferiores a los recomendados, situación que se agravo durante la pan-demia. Para combatir el sedentarismo y el sobrepeso en los niños es necessário desarrollar medidas para promover la AF de manera temprana especialmente en situaciones de pandemia y/o confinamento, en las que la AF alcanza valores aún más bajos. Palabras clave: Niños, Actividad Física, COVID-19, Portugalinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Outside the Lab: a practical perspective transition in sports science research
No full textExercise and sports sciences continue to grow as a
collective of disciplines exploring a broad array of basic and
applied research questions (1, 2) with a notable shift from
traditional laboratory settings to data collection in real-world
sports environments (1-4). This transition is determined by
the recognition that lab-based studies, while valuable, often
do not fully capture the complexities and dynamics of
contextual parameters of sports performance (3-6). Real world data offers a comfortable, more nuanced
understanding of the factors influencing athletic
performance. For instance, studying athletes in their natural
training environments can provide insights into how
different training regimens affect performance, or how
athletes respond to environmental stressors (4, 7). Applied
research utilizing the Real-world data methodology explores
physical performance and health in depth, leading to novel
methods for improving athletic talents. A new paradigm has
emerged that emphasizes the analysis of data obtained from
training to make inferences and identify practical
applications (3, 4). This paradigm advocates for a
multidisciplinary approach to sports research (1).
Unfortunately, this approach is not without its difficulties
and challenges (4). Collecting data in the field requires careful consideration of methodological rigor, ensuring that
the data gathered is both accurate and relevant (4, 5, 8). For
example, when monitoring an athlete’s response during a
competition or training, researchers must consider factors
like the invasiveness of data collection methods and their
potential impact on performance (2, 8). Additionally, the
variability of external conditions and covariables such as
weather, and equipment differences can introduce
complexities in data interpretation (9). It's essential to
account for these factors to ensure the conclusions drawn are
valid and reflect the true performance dynamics (2, 8, 9).
This editorial aimed to (i) establish a comprehensive
framework for research methodology in applied exercise and
sports sciences, (ii) discuss the benefits of field-based data
collection for providing contextually relevant insights into
athletic performance, and (iii) address the practical and
ethical challenges in this research area, offering strategies to
manage these issues and advocating for realistic,
multidisciplinary applied research in sports science.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
A abordagem STEM na aprendizagem da solubilidade: uma experiência com alunos do 11º ano
Get PDFEste projeto analisa a influência da abordagem STEM (Ciência, Tecnologia,
Engenharia e Matemática) no desenvolvimento cognitivo dos alunos, na aprendizagem sobre
solubilidade e no interesse nas áreas STEM. Para tal, os alunos realizaram uma atividade
laboratorial usando placas de Arduino® ligadas a sensores, para estudar a influência da
temperatura na solubilidade de um soluto sólido em água. O projeto envolveu 35 alunos do
11º ano de escolaridade, de uma escola de Almeirim. Para analisar o impacto do projeto
recorreu-se a uma metodologia mista, que incluiu a aplicação de um teste de associação de
palavras (WAT - Word Association Test) e de um inquérito por questionário, antes e depois
da intervenção pedagógica. Os resultados evidenciam uma melhoria no desenvolvimento
cognitivo dos alunos, mas uma diminuição do seu interesse pelas áreas STEM. Contudo,
foram identificadas dificuldades de aprendizagem que requerem aperfeiçoamento das
atividades, além do estudo mais aprofundado das suas causas.This project examines the influence of the STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering,
and Mathematics) approach on students' cognitive development, learning about solubility, and
motivation in STEM fields. To this end, students conducted a laboratory activity using Arduino®
boards connected to sensors to study the influence of temperature on the solubility of a solid
solute in water. The project involved 35 11th-grade students from a school in Almeirim,
Portugal. To analyse the impact of the project, a mixed methodology was used, which included
the application of a WAT (Word Association Test) and a questionnaire survey before and after
the pedagogical intervention. The results demonstrate an improvement in the students'
cognitive development, but a decrease in their interest in STEM areas. However, learning
difficulties were identified that require the improvement of activities, as well as further study of
their causes.N/
Manual de avaliação morfofuncional de equinos
Get PDFSão necessárias informações para uma correta seleção e melhoramento de cavalos, sendo a morfologia preponderante, incidindo sobre o modelo/padrão de determinada raça e influenciando a biomecânica de cada animal.
Existe uma lacuna de medidas morfológicas em cavalos, sendo reduzidas as informações quantitativas de várias regiões do corpo dos equinos.
Os objetivos na criação de uma grande base de dados são, propor um total de 67 variáveis morfológicas a registar medidas em centímetros (cm) e obtenção de registo visual de cada equino por meio de fotografia com orientação na obtenção das medidas morfológicas, fita métrica e aplicação (App).
As medidas (variáveis) morfológicas servem para obter a medida de cada animal e encontra o padrão morfológico de determinado grupo/coudelaria/proprietário de cavalos. Sendo possível no futuro com uma grande base de dados, determinar quais as medidas que apresentam uma correlação, e determinar um número menor de variáveis morfológica a registar.
O registo de imagens (fotos) morfológicas de equinos através de tecnologia, irá permitir gravar o modelo de cada animal para uso posterior.FEDER; Alentejo 2020info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio