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Bisifusarium lunatum causing cladode soft rot in pear cactus (Nopalea cochenillifera) in Brazil
Get PDFCactus pear variety Miuda (Nopalea cochenillifera L. Salm-Dyck) is an important crop for the Northeast region of Brazil, composing one of the main sources of animal feed. By April 2021, cladode rot caused death of several cactus pear plants in a production area located in Itaporanga, Paraíba State, Brazil (7°21'55.35'S, 38°11'38.68'W). The infected cladodes showed brown circular necrotic spots and soft rot with perforations that extended throughout the cladode, followed by tipping over and death of the infected plants. The incidence of the disease ranged from 10 to 30% of the plants. Bisifusarium strains were isolated and cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and synthetic nutrient-poor agar (SNA). The colonies were purple in color on PDA. On SNA, macroconidia (n = 100) were abundant, hyaline, slightly falcate, and three-septate, measuring 11.0 to 23.1 × 2.3 to 4.1 µm. Microconidia (n = 100) were oval and generally aseptate, measuring 4.1 to 8.7 × 2.3 to 3.0 µm. Conidiogenic cells formed into short monophialides. Chlamydospores were not observed. According to these morphological features, the pathogen was initially identified as Bisifusarium lunatum (Gryzenhout et al. 2017). For further confirmation of the identification, the partial sequences of translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1-a) and the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2) genes were sequenced for a representative isolate (CMA 34; GenBank accession nos. OR536502 for TEF1-a and OR553509 for RPB2) and compared with other Bisifusarium species from the GenBank database. Subsequently, it was subjected to a phylogenetic analysis of maximum likelihood, including previously published sequences. According to BLAST searches, the TEF1-a and RPB2 sequences were 99% (637/640 nt) and 100% (312/312 nt) similar to B. lunatum (COUFAL0213: TEF1-a [MK640219] and RPB2 [MK301291]), respectively. The isolate was also clustered in a clade containing the ex-type of B. lunatum with 100% support (SH-aLRT and UFboot), being confidently assigned to this species. The pathogenicity test was performed as described by Medeiros et al. (2015) by using healthy 2-month-old cactus pear seedlings (n = 10) cultivated in a greenhouse. Sterile toothpicks were distributed over colonies of the representative isolate grown on PDA at 25 ± 2°C for 7 days. Seedling cladodes were stuck with the toothpicks, moistened with sterile water, and covered with transparent plastic bags for 24 h, thus simulating a humid chamber. Following 3 months, all control plants (stuck with sterile toothpicks) remained healthy, whereas those inoculated with the representative isolate exhibited rot symptoms. This test was performed two times. B. lunatum was reisolated from symptomatic cladodes and identified as previously described, thus fulfilling Koch’s postulates. To our best knowledge, this is the first report of B. lunatum causing soft rot on N. cochenillifera in Brazil. Besides N. cochenillifera, this species was also reported on Opuntia ficus-indica in India (Gryzenhout et al. 2017), which raises concern regarding its ability to infect other forage sources for cattle feed in Brazilian semiarid regions. The present study highlights that the precise identification of B. lunatum is a key factor to adjust control strategies and management of the disease to prevent the spread of this disease to other crops.Instituto Nacional do Semiárido (INSA); Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa do Estado da Paraíba (FAPESQ); Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologiainfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Educação STEAM outdoor: perceções dos docentes e oportunidades de formação
Get PDFA educação STEAM (Ciência, Tecnologia, Engenharia, Artes/Humanidades e Matemática), aliada ao ambiente outdoor, poderá promover o desenvolvimento integral e harmonioso das crianças e jovens, uma vez que se perspetivam aprendizagens significativas e o incentivo à adoção de estilos de vida saudáveis. O presente estudo tem como principais objetivos avaliar a perceção de educadores de infância e professores do 1.º e 2.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico, de um agrupamento de escolas de Portugal, acerca do uso pedagógico de espaços exteriores, e averiguar quais as competências e necessidades de formação que estes identificam como fundamentais para implementar a abordagem STEAM outdoor. Utilizando uma abordagem de métodos mistos, recolheram-se dados provenientes de uma entrevista (N = 8) e de um questionário (N = 49), desenvolvido e validado para o efeito. Os resultados sugerem que os docentes percecionam os espaços exteriores das suas escolas como locais com potencial pedagógico para implementação da abordagem STEAM, sendo as dimensões mais prevalentes a ludomotora, expressiva e de bem-estar. Contudo, verificou-se uma frequência reduzida de realização de atividades de articulação curricular, envolvendo duas ou mais áreas STEAM nestes espaços, que poderá ser explicada pela extensão e rigidez curricular. Além disso, os docentes consideram essencial a formação para o uso pedagógico de espaços exteriores, a mudança de práticas e a promoção da interdisciplinaridade. Embora a maioria não tenha formação nesse contexto, há uma disposição para participar em cursos de capacitação. Nesse sentido, é crucial oferecer oportunidades de formação para explorar o potencial pedagógico dos espaços exteriores e da educação STEAM ao ar livre.STEAM education (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts/Humanities and Mathematics),
combined with the outdoor environment, can promote the integral and harmonious development of
children and youth, since significant learning is expected, and the adoption of healthy lifestyles is
encouraged. The main aims of this study were to assess the perceptions of kindergarten and 1st and
2nd cycle teachers in a school cluster, in Portugal, about the pedagogical use of outdoor spaces,
and to identify the skills and training needs that they consider essential for implementing the STEAM
outdoor approach. Using a mixed methods approach, data was collected from an interview (N= 8)
and a questionnaire (N= 49), developed and validated for this purpose. The results suggest that
teachers perceive the outdoor spaces of their schools as places with pedagogical potential for
implementing the STEAM approach, with the most prevalent dimensions being play, expression and
well-being. However, there was a low frequency of curricular articulation activities involving two or
more STEAM areas in these spaces, which can be explained by the length and rigidity of the
curriculum and the reduced flexibility of subject timetables. In addition, educators see training in the
pedagogical use of outdoor spaces, changing practices, and promoting interdisciplinary collaboration
as essential. Although the majority lack training in this area, there is a willingness to participate in
training programs. Therefore, it is imperative to provide training opportunities to leverage the
pedagogical potential of outdoor spaces and outdoor STEAM education.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Heart rate variability, blood pressure and peripheral oxygen saturation during yoga adham and mahat breathing techniques without retention in adult practitioners
Get PDFHeart rate variability (HRV) is the change in time intervals between heart beats, reflecting the autonomic nervous system’s ability to adapt to psychological and physiological demands. Slow breathing enhances parasympathetic activity, increasing HRV. Pranayama, a yoga breathing technique, affords the conscious regulation of respiration frequency. This study aimed to characterize HRV, blood pressure and peripheral oxygen saturation of basic yoga breathing slow techniques with regular yoga practitioners. Methods: In total, 45 yoga practitioners were included in the study (including 7 males, mean age of 54.04 ± 11.97 years) with varying levels of yoga experience (minimum 3 months, maximum 37 years). Participants performed three breathing conditions: baseline (control) and two yoga techniques (abdominal (adham) and complete (mahat)) breathing, each for 10 min in the supine position (i.e., savasana). For each condition, respiratory frequency, heart rate (HR), blood pressure and peripheral oxygen levels were collected. Results: The findings revealed that both abdominal and complete yoga breathing techniques promoted a decrease in respiratory frequency (p < 0.001, r = 0.61; p < 0.001, r = 0.61, respectively), and an increase in peripheral oxygen saturation (p < 0.001, r = 0.50; p < 0.001, r = 0.46, respectively), along with blood pressure decreases in all mean values, and a significant decrease in systolic pressure, considering all conditions (p = 0.034, W = 0.08). There were significant increases in standard deviation of HR during abdominal and complete yoga breathing techniques compared with the baseline (p = 0.003, r = 0.31; p < 0.001, r = 0.47, respectively), indicating enhanced parasympathetic activity. Moreover, the complete breathing technique exhibited the greatest variability in HRV measures, with several significant differences compared with abdominal breathing (standard deviation of HR, p < 0.001, r = 0.42; SD2, standard deviation of points perpendicular to the Poincaré parallel line, p < 0.003, r = 0.31; SD1/SD2, p < 0.003, r = 0.31), suggesting a more profound impact on autonomic modulation. Conclusions: simple, inexpensive and non-intrusive abdominal and complete yoga breathing techniques can effectively and momentarily enhance HRV and oxygen saturation in adults, mature adults and the elderly.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Comparação de dados produtivos entre dois sistemas de maternidades de suínos
Get PDFComunicação oralO bem-estar animal é cada vez mais um foco na produção suinícola europeia, estando patente em diversas alterações tais como os sistemas de maternidades alternativas com porcas soltas e leitões. Para a realização deste ensaio foram definidos dois grupos compostos por 24 porcas cada. O primeiro grupo permaneceu todo o tempo de lactação em maternidades convencionais (MC), com porcas fechadas em celas e o segundo grupo em maternidades alternativas (MA) de confinamento temporário, em que as fêmeas são soltas no parque de maternidade ao 4º dia de aleitamento. As porcas foram selecionadas para que ambos os grupos fossem equilibrados em termos de histórico produtivo.
As porcas foram sujeitas a três momentos de pesagem, sendo o primeiro à entrada para a maternidade, o segundo no dia após parto e o terceiro ao desmame. Os leitões também foram sujeitos a três pesagens, sendo elas após o nascimento, na altura da homogeneização das ninhadas e ao desmame.
Foi realizada a análise estatística, com recurso ao software SAS (PROCs FREQ, MEANS, CORR, GLM), referente a parâmetros como a produtividade numérica, evolução dos pesos das porcas e leitões, ganho médio diário (GMD), mortalidade e intervalo desmame-cobrição fecundante (IDC(F)).
Obtiveram-se valores médios (LSMeans) para nascidos vivos nas MC de 14,88±0,77leitões e 15,33±0,77leitões nas MA. Para o peso dos leitões ao desmame (LSMeans) (média de 26,83±1,69dias de aleitamento), existiram pesos superiores nas MA, com valores médios de 8,37±0,23kg relativamente a 8,11±0,23kg nas MC (P>0,05). Existiu ainda uma tendência (p=0,057) de os leitões criados nas MA apresentarem maiores GMD durante o aleitamento, com valores médios de 0,259±0,007g versus os 0,246±0,007g nas MC. Relativamente à mortalidade dos leitões obteve-se um valor médio de 2,04±2,24leitões mortos enquanto as porcas estavam confinadas e 0,67±0,70leitões mortos enquanto as porcas estavam soltas. A mortalidade global de leitões em MC foi de 2,83±0,44 leitões. A principal causa de mortalidade foi o esmagamento e correspondeu a 66% do total. Todas as porcas em estudo entraram na maternidade com um peso médio de 268,50±34,76kg, perderam 16,97±8,68kg durante o parto e terminaram o aleitamento com 242,08±31,43kg (perda média de 9,45±16,21kg). Determinaram-se os coeficientes de correlação de Pearson entre as diversas variáveis, existindo um efeito significativo (P<0,05) da variação de peso da porca durante a lactação no GMD dos leitões (0,303). Para o IDC(F) foi determinado um valor médio de 4,26±3,46dias, apresentando as porcas provenientes das MC uma média de 3,67±0, 75dias e as de MA 4,87±4,75dias. Revela-se necessário continuar a desenvolver estudos sobre esta temática de MA de modo a maximizar a produção, bem-estar animal, tentado minimizar os custos de produção mais elevados.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Parâmetros genéticos das características deslocamento, aprumos e galope nos cavalos de raça Mangalarga
Get PDFComunicação em painelOs cavalos brasileiros de raça Mangalarga (ML) surgiram pela procura por animais com andamentos confortáveis, aptos a serem utilizados na prática do maneio do gado e da caça. Com a chegada da família real portuguesa ao Brasil (ano de 1808), a genética dos cavalos portugueses da coudelaria Alter Real foi introduzida na manada de animais, que veio a dar origem à atual raça de cavalos ML. O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar parâmetros genéticos (heritabilidade e correlações genéticas) para as características deslocamento (DESL), aprumos (APR) e galope (GAL).
O arquivo de pedigree apresentou 215.441 animais (42,0% machos), nascidos entre os anos de 1925 e 2021. As características avaliadas continham animais nascidos entre 1977 e 2019, apresentando DESL, APR e GAL com 45.023, 44.961 e 35.687 animais, respetivamente. Análises uni-variadas para obtenção das heritabilidades e correlações genéticas foram realizadas com o modelo animal, sendo incluídos os efeitos fixos do criador, sexo, ano e época de nascimento, a covariável da origem de nascimento (reprodução natural ou artificial) e, como os efeitos aleatórios, os valores genético aditivo e residual.
Foram observados valores moderados de heritabilidades, com 0,345±0,011 (DESL), 0,255±0,009 (APR) e 0,297±0,012 (GAL). No que diz respeito às correlações genéticas, os valores estimados foram de 0,30±0,03 entre DESL e APR, 0,33±0,03 entre DESL e GAL e 0,92±0,02 entre APR e GAL, sugerindo que as características APR e GAL, evoluem no mesmo sentido e idêntica intensidade, e que as notas atribuídas aos APR vão influenciar as notas do GAL.
As três características avaliadas fazem parte de um conjunto maior, inseridas na avaliação da dinâmica do cavalo ML. A avaliação das características de dinâmica é realizada no momento do registo definitivo, tendo o intuito de auxiliar os criadores na definição de seus reprodutores e na escolha dos animais que irão participar de competições (exposições). As exposições focadas na raça ML avaliam a estabilidade e equilíbrio corporal, elasticidade e amplitude de passadas, qualidade dos movimentos de flexão e extensão, coordenação e sincronismo, ausência de movimentos parasitas e indesejáveis, elegância, comodidade, índole e simetria dos membros, a fim de poder comparar e premiar os animais em exposição. Neste sentido, torna-se importante realizar avaliações genéticas, que permitem observar e incorporar as características Deslocamento, Aprumos e Galope nos programas de melhoramento da raça de cavalos Mangalarga.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Updating exercise testing strategies and exercise prescription protocols
No full textThe current special issue provided and constitutes relevant information for fitness
professional and exercise physiologists. At the same time, it showed meaningful findings
about the online exercise testing procedures (see contributors 15 and 17). In addition, it
was observed that there are still several research that uses only one type of exercise, despite
the general guidelines of the ACSM recommend more that one type [1]. Furthermore,
there is a recommendation for future research include behavior change theories in exercise
intervention as suggested by the protocol of the contributor 2. Finally, the present special
issue also reinforces more research on specific populations, with different ways to control
intensity, more specialized tests, while including training periodization practices as well as
behavior changes.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
O impacto da massagem perineal para uma experiencia de parto positiva
No full textRelatorio de estagio para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Enfermagem de Saúde Materna e ObstétricaO trauma perineal ocorre em cerca de 85% dos partos vaginais, podendo ter um impacto
significativo na perceção da experiência de parto das mulheres. A aplicação da massagem perineal
no 2º estádio do trabalho de parto, como prática de cuidado do enfermeiro especialista em saúde
materna e obstétrica, aparenta reduzir a probabilidade de trauma perineal e impactar
positivamente a experiência de parto das mulheres.
O presente relatório pretende descrever as atividades desenvolvidas ao longo da unidade curricular
estágio e relatório e responder à questão “Qual o impacto para a mulher da realização de massagem
perineal no segundo estádio do trabalho de parto?”, através do mapeamento da evidência
científica e da realização de um estudo randomizado de controle, com recurso à análise estatística
dos dados através do SPSS®.
Da análise da síntese de evidência verifica-se que a massagem perineal se revela como uma técnica
de baixo custo e de fácil aplicação pelas equipas, com resultados demonstrados na redução da
incidência da taxa de episiotomias/lacerações severas, garantindo um aumento da satisfação das
mulheres em relação à sua experiência de parto, por oposição aos resultados obtidos no trabalho
de campo, que não demonstraram resultados com relevância estatística favoráveis à aplicação da
massagem perineal no estádio em estudo, para a amostra estudada.Perineal trauma happens in about 85% of the vaginal delivery, and it can have a major impact in
the women’s labor perception. The use of perineal massage on the second stage of labor, as a
standard practice from midwifery care, seems to reduce the likelihood of perineal trauma and to
positively impact women’s labor experience.
This report intends to describe the activities developed through the academic subject “Internship
and Report” and to answer the question “Does the use of perineal massage in the second stage of
labor impacts women’s labor experience?” through the mapping of the most recent scientifically
evidence and the development of a randomized controlled trial, using statistical analysis with
SPSS®.
The analysis of the evidence shows that perineal massage it’s a low cost technique and an easy one
to be applied from the midwifery teams, with shown results in reducing the percentage of severe
tearing or episiotomies, ensuring an increase in women’s satisfaction in regards to their labor
experience, although that being the opposite obtained in the RCT, not showing statistically relevant
results which favor the use of perineal massage during the second stage of labor, for the sample
being studied
Agir no presente para construir o futuro: um Repositório Digital Inovador no Agrupamento de Escolas Aver-O-Mar
Get PDFA presente investigação teve como objetivo a conceção e parametrização de um repositório digital inovador aberto no Agrupamento de Escolas Aver-O-Mar. Este repositório assenta no princípio do serviço de curadoria de coleções desenvolvido pela biblioteca escolar, e pretende potenciar a construção e disponibilização de recursos educativos digitais abertos e propostas de ambientes educativos inovadores, para e por professores e alunos deste agrupamento. Perspetiva-se uma escola mais inclusiva, democrática e sustentável, com o intuito de formar cidadãos ativos, críticos e conscientes para com os desafios da Sociedade do séc. XXI. Com base na metodologia Design-Based Research, o investigador aproxima-se do objeto de estudo, estreita laços de atuação colaborativa com os participantes e desenvolve um produto educativo passível de ser reformulado ciclicamente em prol da necessária e constante melhoria e reformulação do processo de ensino e aprendizagem. Uma proposta a ser alargada ao concelho, tecendo assim, uma verdadeira rede de partilha e inovação pedagógica.The aim of this research was to design and parameterize an innovative open digital repository at the Aver-O-Mar School Cluster. This repository is based on the principle of the collection curation service developed by the school library, and aims to boost the construction and availability of open digital educational resources and proposals for innovative educational environments, for and by teachers and students at this cluster. The aim is to create a more inclusive, democratic and sustainable school, with the aim of educating active, critical citizens who are aware of the challenges of 21st century society. Following the methodology the Design-Based Research, the researcher gets closer to the object of study, forges collaborative links with the participants and develops an educational product that can be cyclically reformulated in favour of the necessary and constant improvement and reformulation of the teaching and learning process. A proposal to be extended to the municipality, thus weaving a true network of sharing and pedagogical innovation.N/
Investigating the Impact of STEM Inquiry-Based Learning Activities on Secondary School Student’s STEM Career Interests: A Gender-Based Analysis Using the Social Cognitive Career Framework
Get PDFGender disparity within science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields is
a persistent global issue, with women being consistently underrepresented. Recent research indicates
that inquiry-based practices may enhance students’ interest in STEM careers and challenge genderrelated
STEM stereotypes. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of STEM inquiry-based
learning activities on students’ interest in STEM careers, as well as on the social cognitive career theory
(SCCT) dimensions (self-efficacy, personal goals, outcome expectations, interests, contextual support,
and personal inputs), with a specific focus on gender. A quantitative approach was employed,
whereby pre- and post-test measures were administered to a cohort of 190 Portuguese secondary
school students, using the STEM Career Interest Survey. The results showed that, while the STEM
inquiry-based learning activities did not alter the gender-based patterns of interest in STEM subjects
and careers, they did contribute to a significant increase in students’ interest in these areas. It was
found that these activities were particularly effective in promoting female students’ interest in STEM
careers. A significant increase was observed in all SCCT dimensions, particularly in engineering,
for female students. Additionally, no gender disparities were observed in self-efficacy in STEM
areas. The results suggest that STEM inquiry-based learning activities are an effective approach to
building students’ confidence in STEM fields and stimulating their interest in STEM careers. This
study reinforces the importance of inquiry-based practices in promoting a more equitable STEM
education landscape.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Match running performance is influenced by possession and teamformation in an English Premier League team
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to examine the possession (very low, low, high, and very high), team
formation (3-5-2 and 4-3-3) and position (centre-backs, full-backs, centre midfielders, attacking midfielders, and
centre forwards) on match load across two consecutive seasons in elite soccer. Twenty-seven English Premier
League outfield players were recruited. Data was monitored through an 18 Hz Global Positioning System and
a 25 Hz semi-automated camera tracking system, respectively, and all variables were analysed per minute.
Main effects for formation on total distance (TD) (p = 0.006; η2
= 0.010), high-speed running (HSR) (p = 0.009;
η2
= 0.009), number of high metabolic load (HML) efforts (p = 0.004; η2
= 0.011) were observed. In addition,
there were significant interaction effects with formation×possession on TD (p < 0.001; η2
= 0.043), HSR
(p = 0.006; η2
= 0.018), sprinting (p < 0.001; η2
= 0.030), HML efforts (p < 0.001; η2
= 0.035), accelerations
(p < 0.001; η2
= 0.025). From the position-specific analysis, only the running performance of centre-backs
was affected by formation or positional factors. These results indicate that formation and possession can have
a significant impact on TD, HSR, and HML distance. Furthermore, players performed more high-intensity efforts
in 3-5-2 than 4-3-3 formation. These findings suggest that coaches can evaluate running performance in the
context of formation and possession and tailor tactical strategies to optimise physical performance.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio