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A influência da massagem perineal a partir das 34 semanas de gestação para a prevenção do trauma perineal
Get PDFEnquadramento: A mulher é a pessoa principal dos cuidados especializados do Enfermeiro
Especialista em Enfermagem de Saúde Materna, Obstétrica e Ginecologia, ao longo do seu
ciclo vital, independentemente do contexto em que se insere, tendo por finalidade, em
conformidade com as suas competências, prestar cuidados individualizados e humanizados,
em parceria com as mulheres e família, bem como ter em atenção o seu contexto
sociocultural e espiritual, as suas preferências e valores.
Objetivos: Os objetivos deste relatório final estão relacionados com as duas componentes
do presente documento. Assim, o primeiro objetivo é realizar uma análise crítico-reflexiva
sobre o percurso formativo, nos vários locais de estágio. Neste contexto, implementei
intervenções e aproveitei todas as oportunidades/experiências que me permitissem
desenvolver competências práticas, científicas, técnicas, humanas e relacionais na área
específica de Enfermagem de Saúde Materna, Obstétrica e Ginecologia. O segundo
objetivo, está relacionado com a investigação realizada, na qual se pretendeu reunir,
analisar e sintetizar a evidência científica sobre a influência da massagem perineal realizada
a partir das 34 semanas de gestação para a prevenção do trauma perineal no parto
eutócico.
Métodos: Na primeira parte do relatório foram descritos todos os ensinos clínicos
realizados, assim como as competências adquiridas e desenvolvidas, recorrendo para o
efeito uma análise crítico-reflexiva, baseada na evidência científica mais recente. Na
componente de investigação realizou-se uma revisão sistemática da literatura, de acordo
com a metodologia Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis
(PRISMA). Foram selecionadas bases de dados científicas: PubMed, B-on, CINAHL
Complete e MEDLINE Complete, cuja data de realização da pesquisa ocorreu no dia 16 de
fevereiro de 2024, na Escola Superior de Saúde de Viseu, com data de publicação de
01/01/2018 – 31/12/2023, sendo, a posteriori, realizada a seleção dos estudos com a
aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e de exclusão.
Conclusões: No final deste percurso formativo, desenvolveram-se competências gerais e
específicas em Enfermagem de Saúde Materna, Obstétrica e Ginecologia, o que se traduziu
em cuidados especializados autónomos e interdependentes a todas as mulheres e sua
família/pessoa significativa, ao longo do seu ciclo vital. Paralelamente, foram desenvolvidas
competências relacionais, comunicacionais e uma prática crítico-reflexiva, adaptando os
cuidados a cada pessoa na sua singularidade, com integração da evidência científica em
todos os contextos dos estágios, o que muito contribuiu para o desenvolvimento pessoal e
profissional. A análise das evidências dos quatro estudos que constituíram o corpus textual
da revisão sistemática da literatura demostrou que as grávidas que realizaram massagem
perineal pré-natal tiveram uma incidência significativamente mais baixa de episiotomias e de
lacerações perineais, particularmente o risco de lacerações perineais de terceiro e quarto
graus. Também, uma melhor cicatrização da ferida e menos dor perineal foram evidentes no
grupo de mulheres que realizaram massagem perineal pré-natal. De igual modo, a
massagem perineal pré-natal está associada a um menor risco de traumatismo perineal
grave e de complicações pós-parto.
Palavras-chave: Massagem perineal; trauma perineal; Gravidez; Cuidados Especializados
em Enfermagem de Saúde Materna e Obstétrica; preparação para o parto.Abstract
Background: Women are the main target of the specialist care provided by the Maternal
Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Nurse, throughout their life cycle, regardless of the
context in which they live. In accordance with their competencies, their aim is to provide
individualized and humanized care, in partnership with women and their families, as well as
taking into account their socio-cultural and spiritual context, their preferences and values.
Objectives: The objectives of this final report are related to the two components of this
document. The first objective is to carry out a critical-reflective analysis of my training in the
various internship sites. In this context, I implemented interventions and took advantage of all
the opportunities/experiences that allowed me to develop practical, scientific, technical,
human and relational skills in the specific area of Maternal Health, Obstetrics and
Gynecology Nursing. The second objective is related to the research carried out, which
aimed to gather, analyse and synthesize the scientific evidence on the influence of perineal
massage performed from 34 weeks of gestation for the prevention of perineal trauma in
eutocic childbirth.
Methods: The first part of the report describes all the clinical training carried out, as well as
the skills acquired and developed, using a critical-reflective analysis based on the latest
scientific evidence. In the research component, a systematic review of the literature was
carried out in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and
Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) methodology. Scientific databases were selected: PubMed, B-on,
CINAHL Complete and MEDLINE Complete, whose search date took place on February 16,
2024, at the Escola Superior de Saúde de Viseu, with a publication date of 01/01/2018 -
31/12/2023, and, a posteriori, the selection of studies was carried out with the application of
inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Conclusions: At the end of this training course, general and specific skills were developed in
Maternal Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Nursing, which translated into autonomous
and interdependent specialized care for all women and their families/significant others
throughout their life cycle. At the same time, relational and communication skills and critical reflective practice were developed, adapting care to each person in their uniqueness, with
the integration of scientific evidence in all the internship contexts, which greatly contributed to
personal and professional development. Analysis of the evidence from the four studies that
made up the textual corpus of the systematic literature review showed that pregnant women
who had prenatal perineal massage had a significantly lower incidence of episiotomies and
perineal lacerations, particularly the risk of third and fourth degree perineal lacerations.
Better wound healing and less perineal pain were evident in the prenatal perineal massage
group. Prenatal perineal massage is associated with a lower risk of severe perineal trauma
and postpartum complications
Keywords: Perineal massage; Perineal trauma; Pregnancy; Specialized Maternal and
Obstetric Health Nursing Care; Preparation for childbirth
Progressive Sophistication of Communication and Interaction in Videogames for Children and Young People with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Get PDFChildren and young people with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) often struggle with communication and social interaction skills (Hyman et al., 2020). Studies show benefits for people with ASD from playing videogames (Baldassarri et al., 2020; Malinverni et al., 2017). Still, current solutions targeting this audience tend to assume and expose educational goals (e.g., Zakari et al., 2014). We’ve been researching and developing guidance on how to design videogames with the potential to improve those skills while providing experiences that players can perceived as purely ludic. Previously, we distilled a set of six guidelines (Alves et al., 2021) that we were able to put into practice in specific games. However, the guideline that suggests to “focus level design on the progressive sophistication of communication and interaction” has been more challenging. To a certain extent this can be attributed to the scale of the projects in which we were able to experiment with that guideline, so far, which did not allow the team to reach its full implementation. We realised that while the other guidelines can be applied right from early stages and in small developments, this guideline, consistently with what it suggests, implies more complexity, at least to include alternate ways to perform some game actions. The acknowledgement of this disparity and the desire to provide tangible instantiations of that “sophistication”, led us to dedicate even more attention to this aspect and to systematize some major ideas so that we can share them while we are also working in their application. A key point of our proposal is that the introduction of more complex ways to communicate and interact is meant to allow players to engage in new strategies (more challenging but also more advantageous), if/when they are willing to try them, but previous alternatives should remain as usable. The specificities of the target users demand a cautious approach to changes and to the anxiety implied by risking and possibly failing. Players should be able to mix the alternatives and go back and forth in complexity, according to what they are prepared to invest in each specific circumstance. Another important aspect is that the unfolding of new alternatives, regarding communication and interaction, should be triggered by each player’s behaviour patterns and not directly by the game levels common to all players. This implies to rethink or complement conventional patterns for game level design. Currently, we are working on ways to enrich the tools for players to communicate and interact. The underlaying ideas are not innovative per se, in the sense that we can reference games (for the general public) that integrate them in some way or context. Our argument is that it is relevant to assemble and redesign them, considering the specific purpose of this research. For instance, in previous experiments we understood that it would be relevant that a player (playing character) could signal other players an interest in their collaboration or proximity. This would support that kind of proactivity (should it emerge) while influencing others to interact. We also consider very worth integrating mechanisms that allow expressing empathy towards other characters, or other emotional displays. Again, many games embed solutions that include predefined messages and/or graphics (e.g. emojis), but the specificities of our target audience require that the system is tailored in a way that is suitable and may contribute to developing this type of externalization of one’s feelings. Ultimately, it would be relevant to test a message system closer to an in-game chat, for more advanced levels of communication. Finally, we are also very interested in further integrating trading systems, common to many games, as a way to entice players to interact.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Behavioral Anomaly Detection of Older People Living Independently
Get PDFOlder people living independently represent one significant part of the population nowadays.
Most of them have family or friends interested in being informed about changes in their routine. Considering these changes signal some physical or mental problem, they can trigger a contact or action from the interested persons to provide support. This paper presents an approach for non-intrusive monitoring of older people to send alerts after detecting anomalous behaviors. An analysis of seven months of data gathered using PIR sensors in a couple’s living house has shown regularities in their presence in compartments along the day.
We validated the adequacy of an outlier detection algorithm to build a model of the persons’ behavior, exhibiting just 3.6% of outliers interpreted as false positives.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Planos de Sessão do Programa de Formação para o Ensino Superior para um Modelo de Educação a Distância com Recurso a Robótica para Crianças dos 3 aos 7 Anos
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Educação em Português e promoção da cidadania global: uma revisão sistemática de estudos publicados
Get PDFAs alterações trazidas pelo ambiente digital em que vivemos têm vindo a modificar as representações sobre o mundo, os valores a adotar, as competências exigidas aos cidadãos e as formas de aceder à informação e de (co/re)construir conhecimento. Rapidamente, a evolução digital entrou na vida das pessoas, que hoje já não concebem um mundo em que não possam estar constantemente ligadas a pessoas e lugares próximos e distantes, através da web. As possibilidades trazidas pela era digital, nomeadamente tendo a internet a suportá-la, promovem também o contacto com o que se passa localmente e a nível global de uma forma mais rápida e fácil. Pelo menos em teoria, isso deveria trazer-nos uma maior consciência da complexa rede de relações de que fazemos parte, da forma como todos nos influenciamos mutuamente, como as decisões de uns têm impacto na vida de outros. Neste quadro, sendo hoje as sociedades mais interdependentes, são também mais diversas e exigem que os seus cidadãos tenham representações de cidadania mais amplas e inclusivas (Banks, 2017).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Livro de Resumos do Congresso de Investigação em Educação Artística 2023
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Implementation of educational adaptations.
Get PDFMany research studies have highlighted the need to promote inclusive policies and practices for the benefit of all students. However, despite the existence of legislation on equal educational opportunities, many higher education institutions are still not prepared to respond to the needs of students with disabilities, to promote their inclusion and personal development. Among the barriers that these people must face, we find physical barriers, negative attitudes from some teachers, and the use of teaching methodologies that do not favour inclusion. Faced with such constraints, we argue that higher education institutions should implement policies and practices that provide a differentiated pedagogy that allows for the use of strategies and methodologies that result in an effectively inclusive education. The three fundamental axes of the intervention, for the promotion of equality and success in higher education, will have to be found at the institutional level, in educators (especially in their training), and in the teaching-learning process.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Fatores influenciadores e inibidores do desenvolvimento de ações ofensivas em superioridade numérica 7x6 em Andebol
Get PDFIntrodução: A evolução da modalidade de Andebol tem promovido a sua complexificação, pelo que os treinadores tentam atenuar os efeitos que a diversidade de variáveis poderá causar na obtenção do sucesso das suas equipas. Assim, a criação de um plano estratégico para cada jogo ultrapassa os campos teórico e ideológico do treinador. Objetivos: Aferir acerca da perceção dos treinadores no que concerne a fatores influenciadores e inibidores da opção pelo desenvolvimento de ações em superioridade numérica 7x6. Métodos: Foi concebido um guião de entrevista semiestruturada, cujas categorias foram definidas a priori. Resultados: A utilização das ações em superioridade numérica 7x6 deve-se às dificuldades sentidas na criação de situações de finalização em igualdade 6x6, à necessidade de baixar o ritmo de jogo e de diminuir o contacto entre os defensores e os atletas da primeira linha ofensiva e à necessidade de contrariar sistemas defensivos profundos com marcação individual. Os entrevistados restringem ou inibem a utilização das ações 7x6 pela insuficiência de volume e frequência de treino das mesmas, pela sua utilização em momentos nos quais o resultado se encontra equilibrado ou frente a equipas rápidas a explorar as várias formas de transição ofensivas. Conclusões: Dada a incerteza do contexto de competição, não existe uma fórmula específica para tentar resolver os detalhes que o jogo desvenda. Os entrevistados consideram a tomada de decisão fundamental para o sucesso. A forma como o treinador analisa o comportamento da sua equipa e o da equipa adversária exerce influência nas decisões tomadas pelos atletasIntroduction: Handball’s evolution has promoted its complexification, so coaches try to mitigate the effects that the diversity of variables can cause in obtaining the success of their teams. Thus, the creation of a strategic plan for each game goes beyond the theoretical and ideological fields of the coach. Objectives: To assess the perception of coaches regarding influencing and inhibitors factors for the development of actions in numerical superiority (7x6). Methods: A semi-structured interview script was designed with predefined categories. Results: The use of actions in numerical superiority 7x6 is due to the difficulties felt in creating finishing situations in numeric equality (6x6), the need to lower the game’s pace and reduce contact between defenders and athletes of the first offensive line and the need to counter deep defensive systems with individual marking. The interviewees restrict or inhibit the use of 7x6 actions due to the insufficiency of their training volume and frequency and when the result is balanced or against fast teams exploring the various forms of offensive transition. Conclusion: Given the competition game’s uncertainty there is no specific formula to try to solve the details that the game unravels. Respondents choose decision-making as a key element for success in each game. The way the coach analyzes the behavior of his team and that of the opposing team exerts a huge influence on the decisions made by the athletes in the game.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Media literacy in higher education: perceptions about ethical issues in journalism among students of a social communication course
No full textThe project “Media Literacy in Higher Education: an exploratory study within Media Studies Students” aims to assess the degree of media literacy of students in the field of Communication Sciences, namely in terms of its ethical challenges. This article presents partial results of the student’s assessment in terms of journalism practices and its code of ethics. 72 students, from the three years of the degree in Media Studies of the School of Education of Viseu, were asked to evaluate a series of practical cases, with ethical challenges, within the scope of print journalism. The answers show that, within the first year of the course, there are some doubts regarding the journalist's behaviour, which do not exist among the other students. The lack of knowledge about the need to distance oneself from the news and the doubts regarding a possible payment to the sources of information are the main doubts of the first-year students, although, as they advance in the course, these issues are no longer visible in the answers of the secondand third-year students. In the evaluation of practical cases, all the respondents demonstrate a good critical capacity regarding the examples presented. These data align with the expected acquisition of skills and knowledge and reflect a profile at the end of the course, which shows that students are well prepared from the ethical and behavioural point of view in journalism.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Pelos olhos adentro: a exposição aos ecrãs e o desenvolvimento afetivo e cognitivo da criança
Get PDFA revolução tecnológica da última década aumentou exponencialmente o acesso às tecnologias digitais. A investigação tem assinalado, neste contexto, a exposição excessiva das crianças aos ecrãs. Pretende-se, neste trabalho, explorar as intercorrências para o desenvolvimento cognitivo e socioafetivo da exposição excessiva aos ecrãs e às tecnologias digitais na criança. Procedeu-se, para o efeito, a uma pesquisa dos estudos da EBSCO, publicados nos últimos 6 anos, dos quais se selecionaram aqueles cujo foco principal é a relação entre os ecrãs e o desenvolvimento da criança. Os estudos selecionados sugerem que a exposição excessiva aos ecrãs se associa a um desenvolvimento cognitivo menos fluído, a indicadores mais pobres de auto-regulação, e a um risco acrescido de vir a desenvolver problemas emocionais e comportamentais. No que concerne à atenção os resultados são divergentes. A investigação acrescenta, assim, sustentação à necessidade de limitar a utilização das tecnologias digitais para proteger o desenvolvimento cognitivo e socioafetivo das crianças.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio