Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa
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Estudos do desempenho rádio LoraWan em cenários de mobilidade e trânsito de dispositivos
Get PDFDissertação de natureza científica para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Eletrónica e TelecomunicaçõesA implementação de dispositivos IoT em massa, para as suas várias aplicações, causa os problemas da utilização de um meio partilhado. Nomeadamente a colisão de tramas, que é agravada pelo facto de todas as estações escutarem as transmissões, o que faz com que o aumento da carga de tráfego devido à mobilidade de dispositivos seja uma preocupação na implementação destas redes. A probabilidade de colisões de tramas também é afetada por características de tráfego, particularmente na frequência com que transmite, o tamanho da transmissão e da carga útil. Não obstante, o fator mobilidade dos dispositivos Long Range (LoRa) introduz um nível adicional de complexidade, influenciando o desempenho das redes de forma muito relevante contribuindo para cenários interferentes e níveis de colisão que importam considerar e avaliar.
Pretende-se, assim, com esta tese investigar o desempenho desta rede em cenários de mobilidade e trânsito de dispositivos. Através do desenvolvimento e implementação de modelos de mobilidade e trânsito de dispositivos finais (nós), adaptativos às condições do canal, procura-se avaliar o desempenho global em cenários de mobilidade através de simulação (simulador LoRaSim), considerando como técnicas de acesso aleatório Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) Collision Avoidance and Detection (CAD) e CSMA Collision-Avoidance (CA).The massive implementation of IoT devices and its several applications surfaces the problem of shared mediums. Namely frame collisions which are aggravated by the fact that every station is listening to transmissions which makes node mobility a concern on the implementation of these types of networks.Frame collision probability is also affected by traffic characteristics, particularly the period between transmissions, the size of a transmission and the payload. The mobility of LoRa (Long Range) devices adds a degree of complexity, influencing the performance of a network and contributing to interference scenarios and high collision probabilities that are crucial to consider and study. The goal of this thesis is to investigate the performance of LoRa networks with node mobility scenarios through the development and implementation of mobility models for the wireless nodes, which can adapt to channel conditions. Such Mobility scenarios will also be studied with the use of a python simulation environment named LoRaSim, in which several medium access control techniques like CSMA/CA and CSMA/CAD are implemented.N/
Aplicação de técnicas para o balanceamento de postos de trabalho numa empresa
No full textTrabalho de iniciação cientifica para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia e Gestão IndustrialA grandeza diretriz tempo é decisiva para a configuração dos processos nos empreendimentos empresariais, que são regulados por parâmetros como custos, mercado, recursos humanos, qualidade e o já citado tempo como fator de destaque.
O objetivo primário de uma empresa esta em manter ou aumentar sua capacidade competitiva. Para atingir este objetivo, torna-se imprescindível a disponibilidade de um sistema amplo e unificado como instrumento de administração do gerenciamento de dados e tempos, que alcance todos os níveis organizacionais da empresa. Estes dados normalmente podem ser descobertos de diversas formas, mas todas elas irão fazer com que os mesmos requeiram passar por um levantamento, avaliação, inter-relacionamento e interpretação. Porém o dado de tempo não é nada além da expressão da qualidade de um processo. É preciso racionalizá-lo, influenciá-lo.
Influenciar o parâmetro tempo por sua vez, significa modificar processos planejando-os e configurando-os. Mais importante que a apuração de dados, a configuração dos processos deve ser o objeto central do gerenciamento dos tempos e dados. Simplesmente gerenciar tempos sem estruturar processos não contribui para o desenvolvimento de uma empresa.
O MTM descreve a realidade de um processo de produção planeado com precisão. Este método não fornece somente padrões, mas sim diversos padrões em diversos níveis para poder explicar a diferença entre uma oficina de automóveis e uma linha de montagem exerce a função de linguagem comum sendo base para medição, comparação e modificação em todos os níveis de uma empresa. Tem como lema o “certo desde o começo” pois com este pode-se avaliar um posto de trabalho sem o
mesmo estar montado, usando apenas a descrição das tarefas executadas no mesmo, portanto o método realça a necessidade de otimizar o processo e consequentemente custos e produtividade na confeção do produto.
Descreveremos neste trabalho as principais técnicas de medição dos movimentos e suas aplicações do mesmo numa empresa do segmento farmacêutico.The guiding parameter of time is decisive for the configuration of processes in business enterprises, which are regulated by parameters such as costs, market, human resources, quality, and the afore mentioned time as a prominent factor.
The primary objective of a company is to maintain or increase its competitive capacity. To achieve this goal, it is essential to have a comprehensive and unified system as a tool for data and time management that reaches all organizational levels of the company. These data can typically be obtained in various ways, but all of them require data collection, evaluation, interrelation, and interpretation. However, time data is nothing more than an expression of the quality of a process. It needs to be rationalized and influenced.
Influencing the time parameter, in turn, means modifying processes by planning and configuring them. More important than data collection, the configuration of processes should be the central focus of time and data management. Simply managing time without structuring processes does not contribute to the development of a company.
MTM describes the reality of a precisely planned production process. This method provides not only standards but also various standards at different levels to explain the difference between an automotive workshop and an assembly line, serving as a common language basis for measurement, comparison, and modification at all levels of a company. Its motto is "getting it right from the start" because it allows for the evaluation of a workstation without it being fully assembled, using only the description of the tasks performed at that workstation. Therefore, the method emphasizes the need to optimize the process and, consequently, costs and productivity in product manufacturing.
In this work, we will describe the main techniques for measuring movements and their applications in a pharmaceutical company.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Rheo-NMR velocimetry characterisation of PBLG/m-cresol
Get PDFNMR spectroscopy was used to characterise the velocity profile in nematic solutions of poly(gamma-benzyl-L-glutamate) (PBLG) in m-cresol during the application of a simple shear-flow at constant shear-rate values. In this study, the rheo-NMR technique was used that allows an insight over the fluid dynamics during the application of a shear flow in the presence of an external magnetic field, in a perpendicular direction to the shear gradient. Using this Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) based technique, the velocity profile developed inside the system is accessed.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Are genetic modifiers the answer to different responses to hydroxyurea treatment? A pharmacogenetic study in sickle cell anemia Angolan children
Get PDFThis research was funded by FCT/Aga Khan (project nº330842553) and FCT/MCTES (UIDB/05608/2020 and UIDP/05608/2020)—H&TRC.Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is an inherited disease affecting the hemoglobin that is particularly common in sub-Saharan Africa. Although monogenic, phenotypes are markedly heterogeneous in terms of severity and life span. Hydroxyurea is still the most common treatment for these patients, and the response to treatment is highly variable and seems to be an inherited trait. Therefore, identifying the variants that might predict hydroxyurea response is important for identifying patients who will have a poorer or non-response to treatment, and the ones that are more prone to suffer from severe side effects. In the present pharmacogenetic study, we analyzed the exons of 77 genes described in the literature as potentially associated with hydroxyurea metabolism in Angolan children treated with hydroxyurea and evaluated the drug response considering fetal hemoglobin levels, other hematological and biochemical parameters, hemolysis, number of vaso-occlusive crises and hospitalizations. Thirty variants were identified in 18 of those genes as possibly associated with drug response, five of them in gene DCHS2. Other polymorphisms in this gene were also associated with hematological, biochemical, and clinical parameters. Further research examining the maximum tolerated dose and fixed-dose with a larger sample size is necessary to corroborate these findings.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Preços de transferência
Get PDFMestrado em FiscalidadeNos últimos anos verificou-se a eclosão do arquétipo empresarial firmado no fenómeno da globalização. Esta nova realidade no tecido empresarial trouxe consigo uma nova estrutura plurisocietária que surgiu do exponencial aumento das unidades económicas.
Perante uma voraz necessidade de aumento da eficácia organizacional e da pressão concorrencial emerge a tendência para a obtenção de uma tributação otimizada. Deste modo, torna-se evidente o papel preponderante da fiscalidade nas decisões estratégicas das sociedades.
A presente dissertação tem como objetivo abordar a temática dos preços de transferência, refletindo a forma como a União Europeia tem tido um trabalho irrepreensível no que concerne à regulamentação desta matéria, as medidas já transposta para o ordenamento jurídico português e quais os desafios no futuro com que esta matéria se irá confrontar.
Para o efeito será analisada jurisprudência disponível no ordenamento jurídico português bem como os normativos internacionais e internacionais subjacentes à matéria de preços de transferência.In recent years, there has been an outbreak of the entrepreneurial archetype based on the phenomenon of globalization. This new reality in the business fabric brought with it a new multi-shareholder structure that emerged from the exponential increase in economic units.
Faced with a voracious need to increase organizational efficiency and competitive pressure, the tendency to obtain optimized taxation emerges. In this way, the preponderant role of taxation in the strategic decisions of companies becomes evident.
The present dissertation aims to address the subject of transfer pricing, reflecting the way in which the European Union has had an irreproachable job with regard to the regulation of this matter, the measures already transposed into the portuguese legal system and what are the challenges in the future with that this matter will be confronted.
For this purpose, jurisprudence available in the portuguese legal system will be analyzed, as well as the international and international regulations underlying the matter of transfer pricing.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
“Não me consigo controlar. E agora?” O papel da relação escola-família na regulação emocional das crianças em jardim de infância
Get PDFRelatório de Prática Profissional Supervisionada apresentado à Escola Superior de Educação de Lisboa para
obtenção de grau de mestre em Educação Pré-EscolarO presente relatório surge no âmbito da Prática Profissional Supervisionada II (PPS II), em contexto de jardim de infância. Trata-se de uma exposição escrita reflexiva e fundamentada sobre o percurso vivido ao longo de quatro meses enquanto educadora-estagiária, com um grupo de 20 crianças com idades compreendidas entre os 3 e os 6 anos. Para além da componente reflexiva, o relatório apresenta uma componente investigativa.
A investigação emergiu da prática, após observação das dificuldades das crianças na regulação emocional. A literatura tem vindo a apontar a importância do papel dos agentes educativos para a promoção da regulação emocional. Atendendo a atualidade e a relevância da temática, considerou-se pertinente estudar o papel da relação escola-família na regulação emocional das crianças em jardim de infância, tendo como objetivos (i) Conhecer as conceções da educadora de infância e das famílias sobre a importância da regulação emocional em jardim de infância; (ii) Identificar estratégias implementadas pela educadora de infância para a promoção da regulação emocional das crianças; (iii) Identificar estratégias utilizadas pelas famílias para a promoção da regulação emocional das crianças. Relativamente à metodologia, optou-se pelo método de estudo de caso, de natureza qualitativa, com recurso a diferentes técnicas e instrumentos de recolha e tratamento de dados, nomeadamente a observação direta participante, a análise documental, a realização de uma entrevista à educadora cooperante, a aplicação de um inquérito por questionário às famílias via online e posterior análise de conteúdo e tratamento estatístico dos dados.
Os resultados da investigação mostram que a educadora cooperante e as famílias valorizam a regulação emocional em jardim de infância, reconhecendo os seus contributos. Para a promoção da regulação emocional das crianças, a educadora e as famílias adotam o papel de mediadoras, recorrendo à implementação de estratégias, em parceria.ABSTRACT
The present report is part of Supervised Professional Practice II (PPS II), in a kindergarten’s context. It is a reflective and well-founded written exposition about the path lived over four months as an educator-trainee, with a group of 20 children aged between 3 and 6 years. In addition to the reflective component, this report presents an investigative component.
The investigation emerged from the pratical experience, after observing children's difficulties in emotional regulation. The literature has been pointing out the importance of the role of educational agents to promote emotional regulation. Considering the current situation and relevance of the theme, it was considered pertinent to study the role of the school-family relationship in the emotional regulation of children in kindergarten, with the objectives of (i) Knowing the kindergarten teacher and families’ conceptions about the importance of emotional regulation in kindergarten; (ii) Identify strategies integrated by the kindergarten teacher to promote emotional regulation in children; (iii) Identify strategies used by families to promote emotional regulation in children.
Relatively to methodology, it was opted for the case study’s method, from qualitative nature, using different techniques and instruments for collecting and processing data, such as direct participant observation, document analysis, an interview with the cooperating educator, a survey addressed to families via online and it subsequent content analysis and statistical treatment of the data. Research results show that cooperative educators and families value emotional regulation in kindergarten, recognizing their contributions. In order to promote children’s emotional regulation, the educator and the families adopt mediators’ role, resorting to the strategies implementation in a clear partnership.N/
The eco-efficiency of agricultural firms in European Union
No full textClimate change and global warming become great policy issues in the world in general and in agricultural production in particular due to the full dependence of these activities on climate conditions. Economic agricultural activities produce not only desirable outputs (e.g., food) but also undesirable outputs (e.g., CO2 and methane emission, etc.). The important policy issue is how each Member State of the European Union can balance agricultural economic development and environmental protection to attain sustainable development and food security. This study aims to evaluate the environmental efficiency of European agricultural firms in European Member States. The methodology includes a stochastic frontier model where Gross Value Added of Agriculture (GVAA) is considered as the desirable output and Greenhouse Gases emissions as the undesirable output emissions from agriculture (gigagram CO2 eq.). The inputs include agricultural land, employment in agriculture, and agricultural investment. The ratio GVAA/GHG is maximized given the restricted values of the other three variables. The paper analyses three periods, namely, 2006; 2014, and 2020. That division includes the last three reforms of Common Agricultural Policy from the European Union and aims to analyses the comparative analysis among periods and the potential improvement of eco-efficiency of European agricultural firms. The results prove that on average the European agricultural firms have in general a medium level of efficiency besides occurs some differences among countries. The comparative analysis among CAP periods also shows a slow improvement of environmental efficiency of European agricultural firms among countries. However, the countries with more contribution to Gross Development Agricultural Product presents in general low levels of eco-efficiency. That represents a conflict between environmental and economic sustainability and represents a great challenge in the future in terms of CAP policies and institutional measures to promote agricultural sustainability.N/
Blood molecular profile to predict genotoxicity from exposure to antineoplastic drugs
Get PDFThis work was supported by Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa under grant IDI&CA/IPL/2021/PLASCOGEN_ESTeSL, IDI&CA/IPL/2017/GenTox/ESTeSL, and by the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Portugal, under grant DSAIPA/DS/0117/2020. The human biomonitoring had financial support given by the Portuguese Authority of Working Conditions (Project reference: 036APJ/09).Genotoxicity is important information that should be included in human biomonitoring programs. However, the usually applied cytogenetic assays are laborious and time-consuming, the reason why it is critical to developing rapid and economic new methods. The aim of this study was to evaluate if the molecular profile of frozen whole blood, acquired by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, allows to assess genotoxicity in occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs, as obtained by the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay. For that purpose, 92 samples of peripheral blood were studied: 46 samples from hospital professionals occupationally exposed to antineoplastic drugs and 46 samples from workers in academia without exposure (controls). It was first evaluated the metabolome from frozen whole blood by methanol precipitation of macromolecules as haemoglobin, followed by centrifugation. The metabolome molecular profile resulted in 3 ratios of spectral bands, significantly different between the exposed and non-exposed group (p<0.01), and a spectral principal component-linear discriminant analysis (PCA-LDA) model enabling to predict genotoxicity from exposure with 73 % accuracy. After optimization of the dilution degree and solution used, it was possible to obtain a higher number of significant ratios of spectral bands, i.e., 10 ratios significantly different (p<0.001), highlighting the high sensitivity and specificity of the method. Indeed, the PCA-LDA model, based on the molecular profile of whole blood, enabled to predict genotoxicity from exposure with an accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 92 %, 93 %, and 91 %, respectively. All these parameters were achieved based on 1 μL of frozen whole blood, in a high-throughput mode, i.e., based on the simultaneous analysis of 92 samples, in a simple and economic mode. In summary, it can be concluded that this method presents a very promising potential for high-dimension screening of exposure to genotoxic substances.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Impressão 3D de instrumentos médicos: modelação, design e viabilidade
Get PDFMestrado em Engenharia BiomédicaAs aplicações médicas da impressão 3D têm crescido muito rapidamente sendo esperada uma adoção generalizada em cuidados de saúde dentro de poucos anos. Em ambientes adversos a impressão 3D tem o potencial de providenciar on-site e on-demand soluções personalizadas a baixo custo. Apesar dos notáveis avanços em impressão 3D na área médica existem ainda muitos desafios tecnológicos e regulatórios para que esta tecnologia fique acessível a todas as populações. Este Trabalho Final de Mestrado teve como finalidade o estudo da fabricação de um kit de 8 instrumentos cirúrgicos por manufatura aditiva/impressão 3D para ser utilizado em ambientes adversos como catástrofes, guerra e exploração espacial. Para a criação dos instrumentos cirúrgicos pretendidos, inicialmente utilizou-se o SolidWorks, software de desenho assistido por computador (Computer assisted design, CAD), de forma a criar um modelo tridimensional dos mesmos para posterior impressão. De seguida, utilizou-se o UltiMaker Cura, software que gera código G a partir de arquivos CAD 3D, no qual se escolheu a segmentação adequada para cada um dos instrumentos cirúrgicos. Por fim, foram impressos os instrumentos através de uma impressora Anycubic Mega S. Efetuaram-se, por simulação, estudos sobre os esforços mecânicos a que os instrumentos estarão sujeitos durante uma cirurgia, dos quais se confirmou que os mesmos resistiriam às forças externas máximas. Foram exploradas técnicas de esterilização, como esterilização doméstica e desinfeção com álcool 70%. Através da esterilização doméstica com água a ferver verificou-se que 4 dos 8 instrumentos poderiam ser utilizados novamente e os restantes ficariam com deformação permanentemente impedindo-os de cumprir a sua função. Por outro lado, a desinfeção com álcool a 70% não deformou qualquer instrumento permitindo a reutilização de todos eles. Foi também estudada a usabilidade e maneabilidade dos instrumentos através de questionários aplicados a profissionais de saúde, cujo feedback foi maioritariamente positivo, afirmando que utilizariam este kit em caso de emergência.ABSTRACT - The medical applications of 3D printing have been growing rapidly, and widespread adoption in healthcare is expected in a few years. In challenging environments, 3D printing has the potential to provide on-site, on-demand, and cost-effective personalized solutions. Despite notable advancements in 3D printing in the medical field, there are still many technological and regulatory challenges to making this technology accessible to all populations. This Thesis aimed to study the manufacturing of an 8-instrument surgical kit using additive manufacturing/3D printing for use in adverse environments such as disasters, war, and space exploration. To create the desired surgical instruments, SolidWorks, a 3D CAD software, was initially used to create a three-dimensional model of the instruments for subsequent printing. Next, UltiMaker Cura, software that generates G-code from 3D CAD files, was used to choose the appropriate slicing for each of the surgical instruments. Finally, the instruments were printed using an Anycubic Mega S printer. Studies were carried out, through simulation, on the mechanical stresses that the instruments will be subjected to during surgery, which confirmed that they would resist maximum external forces. Sterilization techniques were explored, such as home sterilization and disinfection with 70% alcohol. Through home sterilization with boiling water, it was confirmed that 4 of the 8 instruments could be used again and the rest would be too deformed to fulfill their function. On the other hand, disinfection with 70% alcohol did not deform any instrument, allowing all of them to be reused. The usability and manageability of the instruments were also studied through questionnaires applied to healthcare professionals. Their feedback was mostly positive, stating that they would use this kit in case of emergency.N/
Feasibility study of a 4-week EPI-no® protocol in pregnant women
Get PDFIntroduction: The purpose of using the Epi-No device would be to stretch the vaginal wall up to its maximum diameter; once done repeatedly, it would facilitate perineal distension during birth and labor. Objective: To determine the feasibility of a supervised daily four-week Epi-no® protocol in pregnant women. Methods: Pregnant women received a 20-session protocol with daily progression of the balloon diameter over four weeks, and a satisfaction form at the end. Postpartum obstetric data, fetal values, and ICIQ-SF scales were collected.
Results: Nine pregnant women performed an average of 12 sessions, after which they claimed to be completely satisfied (55.6%) or satisfied (44.4%) with the obtained scores. The balloon diameter was progressing but unrelated to the episiotomy procedure. Conclusion: The 4-week protocol with Epi-No® is feasible, safe, well accepted by pregnant women and may benefit the flexibility of the perineal muscles.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio