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Supervisão pedagógica entre pares: uma abordagem colaborativa para a construção de uma cultura de escola transformadora
No full textA prática pedagógica de cada docente é condicionada pelo seu referencial próprio
de crenças, imagens e valores, construídos ao longo da vida. Quando as escolas
procuram inovar em Educação e, sobretudo, quando essa inovação é disruptiva
relativamente à cultura anterior, os processos de mudança tornam-se
particularmente difíceis porque implicam, da parte dos seus principais agentes –
os professores – a capacidade e a aceitação para desconstruir analítica e
reflexivamente a profissionalidade e reconstruí-la de modo a dar sentido e
significado a uma nova cultura, profissional e de escola. Este não pode nem deve
ser um processo solitário. Vários autores afirmam que existe na supervisão
pedagógica entre pares esse potencial transformador, assente na relação
profissional colaborativa entre pares. Através das perceções de professores e
lideranças de uma escola privada com um modelo pedagógico próprio, que
atravessa um processo de profunda mudança, desenvolveu-se um estudo de
caso. Pretendeu averiguar-se de que modo a supervisão pedagógica entre pares
contribui para a reconstrução da cultura de escola, no sentido em que mobiliza os
docentes para a convergência de crenças e valores que pautam essa nova
cultura. Os dados obtidos a partir de entrevistas, documentos da escola,
observação e um questionário foram cruzados, analisados e interpretados à luz
dos conceitos de cultura de escola, liderança e supervisão pedagógica. Os
resultados evidenciam a relevância do estilo de liderança, da aprendizagem
colaborativa (não apenas entre docentes da escola, mas também entre escolas),
e ainda dos mecanismos de monitorização, revelando que a cultura docente está
a mudar, ainda que lentamente, de uma lógica de individualismo para uma de
colaboração, com influência determinante na reculturação da escola.Teachers’ pedagogical practices are deeply influenced by their own background of
beliefs, images and values built throughout their lives. When schools seek to
innovate in Education and, especially, when this innovation is disruptive in relation
to the previous culture, change becomes significantly difficult because it requires
from teachers the ability and acceptance to analytically and reflexively unravel
their professionality and rebuild it in order to give meaning and significance to a
new professional and school culture. This cannot and should not be a solitary
process. Many authors claim that peer supervision rooted in collaborative
professional relationships holds this transformative potential. Through the
perceptions of teachers and leaders of a school undergoing a process of profound
change, this case study aimed to investigate how pedagogical peer supervision
contributes to school reculturing, in the sense that it gathers teachers towards the
confluence of beliefs and values that define this new culture. The data obtained
from interviews, school documents, observation, and a questionnaire were
cross-referenced, analyzed, and interpreted in light of the concepts of school
culture, leadership, and pedagogical supervision. The results show the relevance
of leadership style, collaborative learning (not only among school teachers but also
between schools), as well as monitoring mechanisms, revealing that the teaching
culture is changing, albeit slowly, from a logic of individualism to one of
collaboration, with decisive influence on the reculturing of the school.A investigação realizada no âmbito desta Dissertação de
Mestrado está integrada nas linhas de investigação da
Unidade de Investigação e Desenvolvimento - Laboratório de
Educação a Distância e eLearning (UID 4372/FCT), da
Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia do Ministério da
Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior
A qualidade centrada no utente: estudo de casos de dois hospitais públicos
No full textAumentar a qualidade nos cuidados de saúde relaciona-se diretamente com a melhoria
contínua dos cuidados centrados no utente (IOM, 2001). Estratégias que visem promover
políticas de gestão da qualidade centradas no utente, são essenciais para monitorizar e
garantir a implementação deste novo paradigma de saúde. Objetiva-se com o estudo,
através da avaliação da perceção dos gestores com funções de qualidade em ambos os
hospitais e, da análise documental das políticas de qualidade centrada no utente
existentes, propor um conjunto de estratégias de melhoria da qualidade que promovem a
implementação da abordagem de gestão da qualidade centrada no utente.
A metodologia de investigação utilizada assenta num paradigma interpretativo de
natureza qualitativa, operacionalizada por um estudo predominantemente descritivo,
comparativo e exploratório através do estudo de casos. Os instrumentos de colheita de
dados foram a pesquisa documental, o questionário adaptado “Where Do We Stand”
(IPFCC, 2008) e a entrevista. O método de tratamento foi a análise de conteúdo e a
estatística descritiva com recurso ao software SPSS 29. Os resultados obtidos, reiteram
a existência de uma fraca cultura de qualidade centrada no utente em ambos os hospitais
tendo por base as dimensões dos cuidados centrados no utente e os determinantes
organizacionais analisados. Nesse sentido, foi realizada uma proposta de estratégias de
melhoria das políticas de gestão da qualidade centrada no utente para ambos os hospitais.Increasing quality in health care is directly related to continuous improvement in patientcentered care (IOM, 2001). Strategies that aimed promoting patient-centered quality
management policies are essential to monitor and ensure the implementation of this new
health paradigm. The objective of this study is to propose a set of quality improvement
strategies that promote the implementation of patient-centered quality management
approach, through the evaluation of the perception of managers with quality functions
and through the documental analysis of the user-centered quality policies, in two public
hospitals.
The research methodology used was based on an interpretative paradigm of a qualitative
nature, operationalized by case studie, predominantly descriptive, comparative and
exploratory. The instruments of data collection were documentary research, the adapted
questionnaire “Where Do We Stand” (IPFCC, 2008) and the interview. The treatment
method was content analysis and descriptive statistics using the SPSS 29 software. The
results obtained reiterate the existence of a weak quality culture patient-centered in both
hospitals based on the dimensions of patient-centered care and the organizational
determinants analyzed. That result in a proposal with strategies to improve patientcentered quality management policies in both hospitals
Internationalization in business-to-business markets: the importance of new product development
No full textThe internationalization of firms is a growing important phenomenon in the Economy. Thus, to face the new competitive challenges of globalized markets, industrial small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) need to implement new organizational approaches to take on new challenges in international markets.
Based on a case study, this chapter reviews the literature on internationalization theories. Drawing on the network-based approach and on the resource-based view of the firm, we examine how collaborative new product development processes played a fundamental role in the internationalization process of a SME using a relationship-based perspective. The featured case concerns to a successful ex-small technical textile firm that leveraged its competitive strategy, climbed up the value chain, and extended its international activities following a technology-based path.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Determinants of bank credit ratings: evidence from Africa, the EU13, and Latin America/Caribbean
No full textPurpose – This study examines the influence of corporate governance, firm-level characteristics, external
factors and risk-taking on bank credit ratings in three distinct regions: Africa, the EU13 and Latin America/
Caribbean.
Design/methodology/approach – This research analyzes a panel dataset comprising 752 banks from 95
countries from 2011 to 2020, using ordered logistic regression.
Findings – The results reveal that corporate governance factors, including board size, board age, and board
gender diversity, significantly impact credit ratings. Firm-specific characteristics, including age, market
discipline, and opacity, negatively correlate with credit ratings. External factors, particularly the presence of the
Big Four audit firms and economic growth, positively influence credit ratings. Institutional quality negatively
impacts credit ratings, while risk-taking shows a significant positive association.
Practical implications – This study encourages banks and policymakers to re-evaluate governance structures,
risk management strategies, and region-specific approaches to credit assessment. A thorough understanding of
credit rating determinants is essential for fostering a resilient and sustainable financial environment.
Originality/value – This study underscores the critical role of robust corporate governance, institutional quality,
and audit oversight in shaping credit ratings within the global banking sector. It challenges the prevailing onesize-
fits-all approach to credit-rating assessments and supports the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 8,
Target 10, which aims to strengthen financial institutions. The findings also contribute to the ongoing discourse
on credit ratings within the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa framework.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Patterns of technology acquisition: upstream linkages between MNEs and local suppliers
No full textAlthough MNEs are important players in the present global world, there has been a debate regarding, on one hand, how MNEs contribute to the development of indigenous firms in host countries, and on the other hand, how indigenous suppliers are able to cope with their international technology demanding clients. This chapter analyzes the patterns of technology acquisition of 40 firms that supply eight multinational firms that belong to four different industries. It is possible to conclude that there are certain differences among foreign and indigenous suppliers as well across the industries they belong to. These differences are the result of a cumulative process over time, which reflect the different performances of the companies and their relationships with the environment.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Strategic groups in the Portuguese banking industry: an analysis of the 2008-2010 period
No full textThis chapter analyzes the retail banking behavior in Portugal for the period between 2008 and 2010.
The data collection took place through the accounting consultation of the reports and accounts of the years under analysis. The selected variables reflect the strategic actions of retail banking during the period under analysis, and it can be argued that retail banking in Portugal has clear differences among players over time. In particular, banking institutions have different competitive strategies, the strategic groups do not have similar resources, and strategies also differ between strategic groups. This reflects the competitive structure of the national retail banking industry.This research was supported by the Portuguese national funding agency for science, research and technology (FCT), within the GOVCOPP.
This research was supported by the Portuguese national funding agency for science, research and technology (FCT), within the Center for Research and Development in Mathematics and Applications (CIDMA), project UID/MAT/04106/2019.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Entrepreneurship and national culture: how cultural differences among countries explain entrepreneurial activity
No full textThe direct relationship between national cultural practice and entrepreneurship activities is analyzed in this chapter, based on the analysis of 44 countries. Datasets from 2012 and 2013 Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) report are used to characterize three types of entrepreneurship: early-stage entrepreneurial activity (TEA); necessity-driven entrepreneurship (NDE) and opportunity-driven (ODE) entrepreneurship.
Data sets on national cultural values are used to analyze five dimensions of Hofstede’s work on cultural values (power distance, individualism/collectivism, masculinity/femininity, long/short
term orientation, and uncertainty avoidance). For that, the authors use the Values Survey Module 2013, which has been adapted from Hofstede’s previous work from 2010 and 2008. The main conclusion is that the three types of entrepreneurship analyzed in this chapter are differently explained by the cultural and expanded models. If the country of origin and the type of economy are useful to explain TEA, they are of no added value to explain necessity-driven or opportunity-driven entrepreneurship.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
National culture and Its relationship with innovation and corruption
No full textInnovation is a driver of economic growth, wealth and prosperity. On the other hand, corruption emerges as a worldwide problem responsible for sapping resources, inequality, human suffering and poverty.
This study hypothesizes that national culture, measured using Hofstede’s six cultural dimensions, have an impact on corruption and innovation, and that highly corrupt nations are less innovative. Data were obtained from Hofstede’s, Transparency International, and Global Innovation websites for the year 2012. The findings support the claim that most national culture aspects have an impact on corruption, although their impact on innovation is less measurable. Corruption was found to have a strong and negative effect on innovation. Our results draw attention to the usefulness of Hofstede’s six-dimension framework in research and the need for further analysis on how corruption influences innovation through
mechanisms other than national culture.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Sustainable innovation: challenges in the tourism industry
No full textTourism is an industry, very focused on economic growth, with significant negative environmental and social impacts. Consequently, the tourism industry faces major challenges related to sustainability.
Sustainable innovation is a tool that contributes not only to increased business competitiveness but can also play an important role in mitigating the negative impacts that such growth can generate. Recognizing the opportunity that this innovation can have in the tourism industry, this chapter analyzes the state of the art and systematizes the knowledge and evolution of the academic debate about this relationship between sustainable innovation and tourism from 1992 to 2018. This chapter indicates that sustainable tourism is focused on seven major areas of research and predominantly analyzed through quantitative methods. It is still an embryonic topic with scarce research done in several areas, such as the monitoring of its impacts, the effects felt by the communities of tourist destinations, and the impacts that sustainable innovation may have on other tourism subsectors.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
O método sociológico segundo Émile Durkheim
No full textDiscussão da obra As Regras do Método Sociológico, de Émile Durkheim, preparada para apoio ao estudo da unidade curricular 41100 Sociologia Geral, 2025/2026