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Ewolucja budowania strategii działalności przedsiębiorstw
Get PDFThe purpose of the article is to present the importance of the
strategy building process in the enterprise, taking into account its individual
stages. They will be shown taking into account the turbulence of changes
occurring in the current macro environment. The literature on the subject
has many definitions of strategies, which sometimes differ significantly and
are the subject of dispute, while the divisions between supporters of different
approaches are so deep that the formulation of a common position in
this measure is difficult. It must therefore be recognized that there is no one
simple answer to the question of what a strategy is. The nature of this article
means that it will cite corporate definitions of the strategy, with particular
emphasis on changes in definitions over the last few decades. The choice of
a specific school for strategy management in a given company is decisive for
its functioning. It is derived from the specifics of the activity of a particular
enterprise. After conducting its analysis, the company's management should
decide to implement the assumptions of a planning, evolutionary, positional,
resource school or contemporary schools of strategy. They are one of the
key factors in the process of determining the competitive position of an
enterprise in its contemporary innovative dimensio
Polska w NATO I UE : korzyści i wyzwania
Get PDFAbstract: Poland's accession to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization is an extremely important event in the history of our country. Thanks to this, Poland gained a guarantee of security in the form of art. 5 of the Washington Treaty and the increase of position and importance on the international arena. Another equally important event was Poland's accession to the European Union. This allowed for the opening of borders and thereby benefiting from membership in the European community. These benefits are political, economic, but also military and socio-cultural. Poland's accession to NATO and the EU also brings many challenges. NATO membership meant that Poland had to adapt its Armed Forces to NATO standards. One of the challenges for Poland as an EU member was the comprehensive use of development opportunities for the national economy created by accession to the Community.Streszczenie: Przystąpienie Polski do Organizacji Traktatu Północnoatlantyckiego to wydarzenie niezmiernie ważne w historii naszego kraju. Dzięki temu Polska zyskała gwarancję bezpieczeństwa w postaci art. 5 Traktatu waszyngtońskiego oraz wzrost pozycji i znaczenia na arenie międzynarodowej. Kolejnym równie ważnym wydarzeniem było wejście Polski do Unii Europejskiej. Pozwoliło to na otwarcie granic i tym samym czerpanie korzyści z tytułu członkostwa we wspólnocie europejskiej. Korzyści te mają charakter polityczny, gospodarczy, ale również militarny oraz społeczno-kulturowy. Wejście Polski do NATO i UE niesie za sobą także wiele wyzwań. Członkostwo w NATO sprawiło, że Polska musiała dostosować swoje Siły Zbrojne do standardów NATO. Jednym z wyzwań dla Polski, jako członka UE, było kompleksowe wykorzystanie szans rozwojowych dla gospodarki narodowej, jakie stworzyło przystąpienie do Wspólnoty
Program szkolenia do realizacji edukacji wojskowej studentów w ramach Legii Akademickiej : część teoretyczna
Get PDFAbstract: The subject of this article is the analysis (theoretical part) of first and second cycle university student´s program known as Academic Legion. First, the historical background regarding functions of this pro-defense formation are discussed. Furthermore, this article discusses the implementation of military education at student’s level within the Academic Legion. Consequently, drawing the conclusion that the military educational programs under the Academic Legion umbrella, while provide fairly sufficient elements in regard of military education to future professional soldiers, they´re inadequately prepare for further military service.Streszczenie: Tematem artykułu jest analiza części teoretycznej szkolenia w ramach programu skierowanego do studentów I i II stopnia uczelni wyższych określonego mianem Legii Akademickiej. W pierwszej kolejności omawiane są historyczne aspekty funkcjonowania tejże formacji proobronnej. Następnie przedstawione zostały działy szkolenia, a w ich ramach przedmioty oraz ilość godzin. Autor dochodzi do wniosku, że działania prowadzone w ramach Legii Akademickiej są jednym z elementem edukacji wojskowej dla kandydatów na żołnierzy zawodowych, lecz nie przygotowują ich do dalszej służby wojskowej
Z najstarszych dziejów Domanic w świetle literatury
No full textStreszczenie: Okres od powstania pierwszych osad do końca XIX w. był znaczący dla wsi, tworzących obecnie gminę Domanice. Nastąpił wówczas rozwój osadnictwa, znacznie zwiększyła się liczba mieszkańców. Wraz z tym postępowało zróżnicowanie miejscowej społeczności. W XIX w. kształtowały się też struktury gminno-parafialne, zmieniające podziały z czasów I RzeczypospolitejAbstract: The period from the establishment of the first settlements to the end of the 19th century was significant for the villages that now form the Domanice commune. The settlement was then developed and the number of inhabitants significantly increased. Along with this, the diversity of the local community progressed. In the 19th century, communal-parish structures were also changing, changing the divisions of the First Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealt
Polsko-japońska współpraca wywiadowcza i konsularna dla ratowania życia Żydów w Kownie w czasie II wojny światowej
Get PDFThe article presents Polish-Japanese intelligence and consular cooperation for saving the lives of Jews in Kaunas during the WW2, with particular emphasis on the diplomatic mission of Chiune Sugihara. Who was a Japanese Righteous Among the Nations. The presented article includes three functions of scientific research: discriptive, explanational and systematizing. The author describes and explains the phenomenon of threat to the Jewish community under two occupations, presents atttempts to save lives and involve in the process of saving specifics individuals, communities, institutions and organizationsW artykule przedstawiono polsko-japońską współpracę wywiadowczą i konsularną dla ratowania życia Żydów w Kownie w czasie II wojny światowej ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem misji dyplomaty Chiune Sugihary – japońskiego Sprawiedliwego wśród Narodów Świata. Zaprezentowany artykuł uwzględnienia trzy funkcje badań naukowych: deskryptywną, eksplanacyjna i systematyzującą. Odnosi się do opisania i wyjaśnienia zjawiska zagrożenia społeczności żydowskiej pod dwiema okupacjami, podjętych prób ratowania życia oraz włączenia w proces ratowania poszczególnych jednostek, zbiorowości ludzkich, instytucji i organizacji
Юридическая ответственность как инструмент обеспечения безопасности
Get PDFThe article deals with legal responsibility as a security tool. According to the author, the subject of such responsibility is primarily the state, which is obliged to ensure security on its territory, as well as the security of its citizens abroad. Under the legal responsibility of the state, the issues of responsibility for the prevention of terrorist acts should be considered. As part of legal responsibility, the obligation to provide security is considered, which is reflected in case law. On the basis of Russian and Polish law the author also examines the issue of compensation for the people who have been harmed as a result of terrorist attacks. The author pays attention to the issues of positive legal responsibility of the state, which is reflected in the preventive measures aimed at preventing security threats.
The author emphasizes that not only the state is the subject of legal responsibility for security. Thus, the issues of liability for individuals and legal entities are considered. A separate issue which the author pays attention to is the safety of juveniles and the responsibility of their parents and educational institutions for its provision.В статье рассматривается юридическая ответственность как инструмент обеспечения безопасности. В первую очередь, по мнению автора, субъектом такой ответственности является государство, которое обязано обеспечить безопасность на своей территории, а также безопасность граждан, находящихся за рубежом. В рамках юридической ответственности государства рассматриваются вопросы ответственности за предотвращение террористических актов. В рамках юридической ответственности государства анализируется его обязанность обеспечить безопасность, которая подтверждается судебной практикой. Автор рассматривает также вопрос компенсации потерпевшим от акта терроризма по российскому и польскому законодательству.
Автор удаляет внимание вопросам позитивной юридической ответственности государства, отражающейся в профилактических мерах, направленных на предотвращение угроз безопасности.
Автором отмечается, что не только государство является субъектом юридической ответственности за безопасность. В этой связи рассматриваются вопросы такой ответственности для физических и юридических лиц. Отдельный аспект, на который автор обращает внимание – безопасность несовершеннолетних и ответственность родителей, а также образовательных организаций за ее обеспечение
Wychowanie patriotyczne a trudności wychowawcze występujące w przedszkolu
Get PDFBringing up children in kindergarten is a very important and responsible task for teachers. Increasing educational difficulties among children make kindergartem teachers gain professional knowledge in order to help children get rid of undesirable behaviour. Educational difficulties are related to the child's behavior that deviates from the adopted social norms. It is characteristic for them not to be exposed to ordinary educational interactions. The presented research illustrates the specificity of educational difficulties from the perspective of teachers working with pre-school children.Wychowanie dzieci w przedszkolu jest bardzo ważnym i odpowiedzialnym zadaniem nauczycieli. Coraz częściej występujące trudności wychowawcze wśród dzieci sprawiają, że pracownicy przedszkola musza posiadać profesjonalną wiedzę w tym zakresie, by pomóc dzieciom pozbyć się zachowań niepożądanych. Trudności wychowawcze są związane z zachowaniami dziecka odbiegającymi od przyjętych norm społecznych. Charakterystyczne jest dla nich niepoddawanie się zwykłym oddziaływaniom wychowawczym. Prezentowane badania obrazują specyfikę trudności wychowawczych z perspektywy nauczycieli pracujących z dziećmi w wieku przedszkolnym
Język w zachowaniach społecznych : podstawy socjolingwistyki i logopedii
No full textWydanie czwarte uzupełnioneThe thesis about the social origin of language has been recurrent in almost all
lin guistic theories. It underlay first the Geneva and then Prague structuralism and,
somewhat weakened in generative grammar by Chomsky’s conviction about man’s
innate abilities to use language, it has become the binding solution to the question
about its secret. At the same time sociology witnessed the emergence of a subsequently
well-established view that treated language as a linking medium of groups,
nations and communities. Language, a social product, turned out to be also an entity
that formed and conditioned the existence of social groups.
A discussion on “the social character of language” must beat in mind the consequences
of this dichotomic interpretation of the problem: language, a social product,
itself constructs societal life. The present book is an attempt to introduce some order among views on the social character of language. It is also the author’s own contribution to the general consideration of the subject, a contribution stemming from many years of studies on sociolects and on the functioning of language in social life. The author’s competence determined the linguistic perspective of his undertaking. This permitted an argument with linguistically too general sociological interpretations. It is from the linguistic perspective of viewing phenomena arising from relations between language
and society that sociolinguistics developed: a discipline, which, largely broadened
the object of linguistic study, by using description of linguistic behaviors, thus an
entirely different research method from basically deductive structural linguistics.
The growing theoretical reflection on the social character of language seemed of
interest, which led consequently to the emergence of two different although interlocking,
and thereby difficult-to-define, disciplines: sociolinguistics and sociology
of lan guage. The stages of development of this reflection have been dealt with in
Chapter I: Sociolinguistics or Sociology of Language.
The reader will thus follow the progression of the thesis of social contexts of language
in structuralist descriptions of the varieties of national languages, descriptions
that were inspired by de Saussure’s theory and multiplied in European linguistics in the 1930’s. The tenets of the Prague Structural School will be presented, which
developed a program of sociolinguistic interpretation of languages and their uses
long before American sociolinguistics cf. Theses of the Prague Circle and implemented
his program in the formula of “systems in the system of national language”
and in the conception of functional languages (styles).
The problem of language style was developed to an unheard-of extent in the
Prague structuralism. The science of styles i. e. stylistics arose, which, though ignored
in American linguistics, boasts of considerable achievements.
Sociolinguistics was born as an opposition to structuralist interpretations of
communication. It was therefore necessary to follow those assumptions of structural
theories that evoked the greatest doubts of students of linguistic behavior. In the
course of study it turned out that while constructing its assumptions sociolinguistics
drew freely from the achievements of cultural anthropology apparently grown on
the Herder-Humboldt thesis, which gave language the most important role in the
cognition of reality and thereby in shaping social relationships. This perspective of
thinking permitted to re-examine the language-effected process of socialization and
to perceive its enormous role in the lives of individuals (cf. Berensten’s theory of
elaborated and restricted codes). It also accorded proper rank to studies on social
determinants of linguistic behaviors (cf. D. Hymes’ ethnography of speaking).
This chapter is too general to offer an exhaustive description of the path that
lin-guistics coverd to become socioloinguistics and to take part in the emergence
of sociology of language (cf, the proposal of J. A. Fishman). However, it appeared
necessary to present an outline of this path: it is the background against which are
clearly visible the achievements and shortcomings of the mode of thinking formulated
in the studies on the Polish language. The presentation of the development of
sociolinguistic theory could not have ignored the Polish aspect. While pursuing it
in Chapter II: Polish Sociolinguistic Thought, the reader will find that in sociolinguistics,
however new it may be, there are no phenomena that would not have been
observed before and no theses that would not have been put forward in various
contexts. All these can be found in the surprisingly broad reflection by J. Baudouin
de Courtenay, in numerous monographs on the history of language and in studies
on the history of styles in Polish.
It can be safely assumed that Polish linguistics has always been sociology-oriented
and the achievements of the history of the language and of styles must become
an important contribution to sociolinguistics and to sociology of language. The
Polish scientific thought also has significant theoretical achievements and can leave
an original mark on the form, of the two disciplines. It should be known that the Polish sociology-oriented linguistics, inspired by the Herder-Humboldt thesis, first sought after the national spirit in the language. Then it closely inquired into the influence of great historical events or the development of Polish. Providing a comprehensive interpretation of the life of the language over the centuries. It made a detailed description of Polish language varieties: dialects– socially and territorially determined, sociolects – only socially determined, and functionally determined – language styles. Polish linguistics also studies the Polish language in the communities of Polish emigrants in many countries in the world. In 1970’s, investigations started where the sociolinguistic method came to be the leading one. It was applied to describe the urban language and to reconstruct the linguistic image of the world. Attempts were also made to describe linguistic behaviors and their social determinants. Noteworthy are also the achievements of Polish applied linguistics. For years it defended the purity of Polish threatened by foreign influences when Poland lost her independence through partitions. It fulfilled its pracitical tasks after independence was regained: it codified norms and returned Polish names to lacalities, changed during par titions. At present the Polish applied linguistics takes part in developing language skills of Poles in using their native language and foreign languages. The most-often noticed phenomena in the Polish sociology-oriented linguistics we re sociolects:varieties of the national language formed in different social groups. The anatomy of a sociolect permits to and clearly follow a symbiosis of sensu stricto lingui stic facts and social phenomena: types of links, hierarchies of social roles, a system of values etc. Chapter III: Social Determinants of Languags – Socialects is a linguistic and at the same time sociolinguistic attempt to analyze several sociolects of Polish. It is al so intended as a summing up of the knowledge of a phenomenon that is apperently important for societal life and sociolinguistic theory. The reader will find in it a survey of terms and concepts with which sociolectal language varieties have long been described, and a typology of Polish sociolects (professiolects, slang, jargons). He will also follow their history and learn how
certain sociolects (criminal jargons, teenage slang) create the image of the world
and of man and what sy stems of value they offer against the background of those
provided by general Polish.
Chapter IV: Social Determinants of Liguistic Behaviors given an outline of language
functioning in different social groups in a speech community defined by the
framework of national language. It is an attempt to interpret a phenomenon that is
covered by the term social language behaviors. While trying to determine the most
im portant rules of those behaviors. It also try to see the consequences of ignoring
them (in mental distrubances leading to speech pathology). This chapter introduces the concept of social interaction and linguistic interaction. Both are interpreted from the standpoint of their social, situational and pragmatic determinants. It presents a conception of communicative skills: systematic, social, situ ational and pragmatic skills. This conception makes possible deeper reflecion on the scope and capabilities of applied linguistics. The chapter also contains a postulate of minimizing the communicative and language system of Polish. This device is indispensable for the forming of communicative skills.
Chapter V: From the interactive perspective, logopedics is a proposal to apply
the discourse theory in logopedic practice. Obviously, logopedics diagnoses and
explains the states of the human brain and mind in which language develops with
difficulty or in which, having been previously acquired, it ceased to perform its cognitive
and communicative function. In all these cases, a logopedist/speech therapist
has to either build language and the communication systems (e.g. in deafness and
autism) or only improve their uses (e.g. in stuttering, in cerebral palsy), or, finally,
find them in the minds disintegrated by brain damage (e.g. in aphasia, or Alzheimer’s
disease). These procedures define the research field of logopedic
Kwerenda z dekady: 1969-1978
No full textW roku 2019 Uniwersytet Przyrodniczo-Humanistyczny w Siedlcach obchodzi
jubileusz pięćdziesięciolecia istnienia. Jest to również półwiecze naszej Biblioteki. To także okazja do świętowania piętnastolecia funkcjonowania w obecnej siedzibie.
Każda rocznica to czas refleksji, wspomnień i podsumowanie dokonań, ale też dobry moment by zastanowić się nad przyszłością. [...] Z okazji jubileuszu przygotowaliśmy „Kwerendę na dekadę”. Wydawnictwo prezentuje bogatą historię, trudne początki rodzącej się instytucji, kolejne zmiany i rozwój. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na momenty przełomowe w życiu Biblioteki: zmiany lokalowe, przekształcenia strukturalne, komputeryzację procesów bibliotecznych oraz osiągnięcia własne i swoich poprzedników, którzy w trudnych warunkach tworzyli podstawy systemu biblioteczno-informacyjnego Uczelni i pracowali na rzecz środowiska akademickiego
Od byrokracie k manažérizmu : cesta slovenských univerzít v literárnej a vedeckej reflexi
Get PDFIn terms of methodology, the study utilizes critical discourse analysis and interdiscourse theory. It analyses twotexts dealing with the issues of university bureaucracy, which combine elements of both science and literary procedure: J. Hvorecký’s Testament vedca (2015) and W. Halffman’s & H. Radder’s The Academic Manifesto: From an Occupied to a Public University (2015). The discourse analysis compares contradictory narratives related to universities (J. Hvorecký’s narrative regarding vigorous managerialism of universities as the only possibility to save universities from total collapse and the “public university” narrative proposed by the philosophers of science W. Halffman & H. Radder) and problematizes the emphasized difference between bureaucracy and managerialis