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Fun sharpens the mind: How simple problems bring us closer to complex mathematical theories
No full textThis article presents a historical approach to recreational mathematics and the kinds of questions it deals with. Here, I present some relevant authors, their work, the problems they contributed to, and new fields of knowledge to which they gave rise. Starting from Egyptian mathematics, through to the Renaissance and Scientific Revolution of the 19th century, I have also devoted a special section to the work of Leonhard Euler. I have presented several problems but not the solutions, so that the readers can actively participate by solving them or, if they wish, can check the solutions in the references provided
Sustainable nitrogen fixation: Agrochemical research in food production adapted to planetary limits
No full textToday’s global food production depends on the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen by using the Haber–Bosch process. The application of this catalytic system laid the foundations for the development of industrial agriculture and led to an unprecedented acceleration in the growth of human societies during the so-called Green Revolution. However, it appears that this production model will not be able to adapt to the current challenges of energy sustainability and climate crisis response. The Haber–Bosch cycle has a major impact on energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions. In order to rethink this agri-food model, this present article examines chemical and technological development strategies to move towards an energy and environmentally sustainable model
Investigación y reflexión: innovaciones pedagógicas para reconstruir la cultura de aprendizaje en universidades
No full textEl artículo destaca la importancia de innovar en la educación universitaria mediante una praxis pedagógica que integre investigación y reflexión, fundamentales para reconstruir la cultura de aprendizaje en universidades. Presenta avances logrados en la Universidad Nacional Experimental “Francisco de Miranda” y en el marco del Proyecto de Aprendizaje Basado en el Emprendimiento por Proyecto de la Universidad Bicentenario de Aragua, con estrategias transformadoras enfocadas en la formación docente. La metodología utilizada fue la Investigación Acción Participativa, basada en la praxeología, la cual promueve la reflexión crítica y transformadora de la praxis. A través de técnicas cualitativas como grupos de discusión y círculos de reflexión, 30 coinvestigadores (docentes y estudiantes) reflexionaron sobre procesos participativos. Los resultados del estudio no solo confirman, sino que resaltan al mostrar cómo la integración entre investigación y reflexión en la praxis pedagógica puede socavar los cimientos tradicionales del aprendizaje universitario. La metodología de Investigación Acción Participativa permitió no solo diagnosticar las limitaciones del modelo tradicional centrado en contenidos y evaluaciones cuantitativas, sino que además sirvió para co-diseñar alternativas innovadoras basadas en proyectos y reflexión crítica. Se concluyó que la investigación y reflexión de la praxis constituyen oportunidades para transformar el sistema pedagógico y fomentar una cultura de aprendizaje que considere modelos mentales y teorías implícitas, logrando así un impacto formativo significativo
De Joker a Joker 2: salir de la Folie à Deux
No full textLa Joker original narra la historia de Arthur Fleck, un marginal con problemas mentales, que un día se cansa de ser abusado y reacciona con violencia, a consecuencia de lo cual termina preso. Pero el shock masivo derivado del asesinato en vivo que ha cometido lo consagra como símbolo de la pequeña gente, harta de ser abusada por los privilegiados. Joker: Folie à deux es una genial corrección a la interpretación simplista que se hizo de la primera. Harley Quinn representa al público entusiasmado con el semblante de un loco descontrolado que cree que por haber sufrido en la vida tiene derecho a matar a su antojo. Pero Fleck no quiere saber nada con su alter ego, al que aborrece. Y no busca exculparse apelando a la inimputabilidad por una supuesta patología de "doble personalidad", sino que asume la responsabilidad por sus actos. El público que consagró la primera Joker rechazó esta segunda porque ya no hay escenas de crueldad gratuita y alocada, salvo en estado onírico… lo que habla de cierto estado promedio de la sociedad actual
Reflexiones en torno a experiencias de Extensión Crítica sobre acceso al hábitat en la ciudad de Tandil
No full textEl artículo presenta reflexiones de un equipo extensionista de la Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, vinculadas a experiencias de trabajo en problemáticas urbanas desde una perspectiva del derecho a la ciudad. El objetivo es problematizar intervenciones realizadas desde abordajes teórico–metodológicos de extensión crítica implementados en conflictos urbanos por el acceso justo al hábitat en Tandil. Se abordan dos experiencias en barrios populares de la ciudad, una sobre un proceso de trabajo intersectorial y multiactoral que deriva en la conformación de un plan estratégico de obras para la integración sociourbana del barrio Tarraubella. Otra sobre las acciones desplegadas en una ocupación colectiva de tierras judicializada en La Movediza. Buscamos repensar la función social de la Universidad, las posibilidades de contribuir en procesos de transformación social y las tensiones que trae aparejado trabajar desde un enfoque crítico en torno a problemáticas que afectan intereses de sectores de poder
Surgical site infection incidence rate related to quality indicators
No full textBackground and Objectives: it is important to measure and relate theory and practice applied in the workplace through health quality indicators such as adequate care for surgical patients and prevention of future infections. This study aimed to analyze quality indicators related to the prevention of surgical site infections in a teaching hospital. Methods: a cross-sectional, analytical, prospective and quantitative study, with a theoretical basis in triad structure, process and outcome. It was carried out in the surgical center of a public, university hospital in southern Brazil, linked to the Brazilian Health System. The study sample included the surgical teams and the surgical center of the study hospital, and its composition was given based on the inclusion criteria, such as surgery performed during the daytime period (from 07:00 to 19:00), from Monday to Friday, on an elective basis, during a period of three months, in 2022 (September to November). Results: there were 283 elective surgical procedures, with emphasis on procedures performed without breaking the aseptic technique of the surgical field reported in the transoperative record (97.53%; 276). The surgical center studied presented an operational structure that was incomplete in accordance with the recommended safe practice standards. The sample identified 22.30% (63) of patients with surgical site infection. Conclusion: the analysis of indicators demonstrated the need to adapt items related to structure and process (adequate antiseptic dispenser and taps operated without manual contact), in addition to reviewing standard operational protocols
Clinical-epidemiological profile and outcome of patients with Covid-19 in the second wave of the pandemic in Paraná, Brazil
No full textJustification and Objective: knowing the characteristics of patients who were hospitalized due to COVID-19 provides support to healthcare professionals and managers in the construction of strategies to reduce vulnerability and suffering from complications of this disease. Therefore, the objective was to describe the clinical-epidemiological profile and identify outcomes in patients with COVID-19 in the second wave of the pandemic in a public hospital in northern Paraná, Brazil. Methods: a sectional and analytical study with 1,467 adult patients admitted and hospitalized with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19, according to records from the epidemiology center, Medical Archive and Statistics Service and patients’ electronic medical record, from January 1 to March 31 2021, in a hospital in the city of Londrina, Paraná, Brazil. Results: it was found that the majority of those infected were male, white, married, aged ≤64, and lived in the city of Londrina. When identifying the outcomes, it was evident that there were more discharges when compared to deaths and transfers. The main signs and symptoms described in the medical records were respiratory, however, the signs and symptoms that were associated with mortality were desaturation, tachypnea, and respiratory effort. Conclusion: the results indicated that the majority of those infected were male, aged up to 64 years, with mortality being more frequent among elderly patients and those with comorbidities, mainly pulmonary and nephrological. The research also highlighted that severe respiratory symptoms, such as desaturation and tachypnea, were associated with a higher risk of death
