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Perceptions of secondary school students towards virtual reality in STEM subjects. Effect of the gender variable
No full textThis paper aims to examine the perceptions and attitudes of students in the secondary educational cycle towards the use of VR in scientific and technological subjects, as well as to analyze possible gender biases in the valuation of this technology. This second objective is justified by the scarcity of research that combines the use of VR for STEM education with the gender variable. A quasi-experimental study was carried out (n = 510) based on the application in the classroom and use by students of four VR STEM lessons developed ad hoc for this research in three Spanish secondary schools located in different population environments and with different levels of experience in the use of this technology. The Instructional Material Motivational Survey (IMMS) test –validated in previous studies– was used for this purpose. The resulting data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics based on a predictive factor analysis using ordinal logistic regression. The results show that the most highly rated aspects of VR are those related to the structure and design of the lessons, as well as their potential to facilitate attention to the content. A notable effect of the gender variable is detected. Women significantly perceive greater difficulty in the usability of the lessons and report that the VR experience helps them less to maintain attention. They claim to have learned less than their male peers. They also feel less confident in their learning while using these immersive technologies
Proton Pump Inhibitors and Quality of Life in Patients with Globus Pharyngeus: An Observational Study
No full textIntroduction: Globus pharyngeus accounts for up to 4% of otolaryngology consultations. There is no consensus in the literature regarding its treatment; however, most studies agree that gastroesophageal reflux is the primary etiological factor. Objective: To determine whether treatment with proton pump inhibitors is associated with changes in the quality of life of patients with globus pharyngeus. Methods: This prospective observational study included patients who attended otolaryngology outpatient consultations between January and December 2022 and were diagnosed with globus pharyngeus. All patients underwent a comprehensive otolaryngologic evaluation, and the following assessment tools were used before and after three months of treatment: the Reflux Symptom Index (RSI), the Reflux Finding Score (RFS), the Glasgow-Edinburgh Throat Scale (GETS) for globus pharyngeus, and the SF-36 Quality of Life Questionnaire. Results: The study population consisted of 35 patients, 27 of whom were women (77.1%), with an average age of 55.2 years. Improvement was observed in all RSI scale parameters. Quality of life improved after treatment in the domains of bodily pain, vitality, social functioning, emotional role, and mental health. Conclusions: In this observational study, treatment with proton pump inhibitors significantly improved symptoms associated with globus pharyngeus
Well done! Or how to Avoid Dangers of Pseudoscience: Common Standard for Research in Behavioural Analysis and Deception Detection in Aviation Security
No full textThe detection of deception poses one of the main challenges in policing and security environment. It is the inherent goal of security to detect and prevent unlawful events to happen. This is especially true for aviation security as airports continue to constitute attractive targets for terrorist attacks. In consequence, law enforcement agencies are seeking effective and efficient solutions for ensuring high-level security and are often adopting approaches that include behaviour detection. This pressing need for solutions provides ground for pseudoscientific suggestions and methods as those that are cited in an article of the References section. Despite this justified criticism, options to overcome the dangers of pseudoscience are not offered. Therefore, this paper provides a first common standard for conducting research in aviation security for scientists and for practitioners. It highlights several factors that are important to consider before conducting research on behaviour detection. Furthermore, this paper aims to empower experts in the field of aviation security to recognize valid and reliable solutions (e.g., programs, methods, tools) and discusses the relevance as well as the challenges of conducting applied research in the field of aviation security
PRESENCIA DE AUTORAS Y DE MÉDIUMS EN PRENSA ESPIRITISTA CHILENA. ¿A DÓNDE VAMOS? REVISTA MENSUAL DE ESTUDIOS PSICOLÓGICOS (1902-1905); REFLEJO ASTRAL. REVISTA ESPIRITUALISTA (1901), REVISTA DE ESTUDIOS PSÍQUICOS (1905-1919) Y LA VOZ DE LOS MUERTOS. HOJA ESPIRITISTA (1907-1909)
No full textA través de la publicación de diversos artículos, consejos a los lectores y estudios difundidos en las publicaciones periódicas, ¿A dónde vamos? Revista mensual de Estudios Psicológicos, Reflejo Astral, Revista de Estudios Psíquicos y La voz de los Muertos, pertenecientes principalmente a grupos de cultores del espiritismo y luego de la doctrina teosófica, este artículo explora de qué modo comienzan a hacerse presentes, mediante artículos y opiniones, mujeres chilenas ligadas a estos conocimientos. Estas plumas femeninas ostentarán un creciente espacio de autoría, pero firmarán con seudónimo, con iniciales, o simplemente con la rúbrica “una señorita”. De esta manera se posibilita su paulatino ingreso a estos medios y publicaciones. Este hecho complejiza la noción de autoría femenina en Chile a comienzos del siglo XX, lo que conlleva que estas firmas se configuren como presencias espectrales, o incluso travestidas. Así, este momento inicial de circulación de los saberes de la práctica espiritista, desemboca posteriormente en la masificación y el interés por estos conocimientos, extendiéndose su práctica en Chile durante el siglo XX, sobre todo por una élite social e intelectual, donde la presencia de mujeres, médiums y autoras de textos para estos impresos produjo que su rol fuera preponderante en la difusión de estas nuevas doctrinas. De modo que, estas incipientes autorías y presencias femeninas veladas, remiten a nuevas formas de sociabilidad, a redes alternativas que los conocimientos esotéricos, les facilitó, creándose lo que he llamado un archivo espectral, del que este artículo da cuenta, al formar parte de una investigación mayor en torno al espiritismo y mujeres en Chile
On the identity of Megachile (Chrysosarus) pamperella (Hymenoptera Megachilidae)
No full textThe study contributes to the knowledge of Megachile (Chrysosarus) pamperella Vachal, a leaf-cutter bee species practically not recognized since its description early in the twentieth century. As a result of field works in the Pampean region (Argentina), 20 nests of M.(C.) pamperella were obtained which allowed the sexes to be correctly associated. Diagnosis, redescriptions of both sexes, study of type material, illustrations and a distribution map are presented
Aprovechamiento de residuo de vidrio como reemplazo parcial del agregado fino en mezclas de concreto
No full textEl aumento de la población y el crecimiento industrial han incrementado la demanda de infraestructura y vivienda, elevando el consumo de concreto y su impacto ambiental. Esto ha motivado la búsqueda de alternativas sostenibles para reemplazar parcial o totalmente las materias primas del concreto. En este contexto, el objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el uso de residuos de vidrio (RV) como sustituto parcial del agregado fino natural (AFN) en la producción de concreto, y validar su aplicación en un elemento constructivo de carácter estructural. El agregado de RV se obtuvo a partir de trituración y molienda de botellas, su módulo de finura y absorción fueron 3,35 y 0,2 %, respectivamente. La metodología empleada consistió en evaluar las propiedades físicas, mecánicas y térmicas de mezclas de concreto con reemplazo de AFN por RV en proporciones de hasta 40 %. Complementariamente se estudió el desempeño del concreto a altas temperaturas (hasta 900°C) y se produjeron bloques. Los resultados obtenidos demostraron que el RV mejora la trabajabilidad del concreto hasta en un 69 %, reduce la absorción en un 23 % y la porosidad en un 19 %. Además, las propiedades de conductividad y difusividad térmica disminuyeron hasta un 19 % al emplear un 40 % de RV. El concreto mostró un mejor desempeño frente a exposición térmica directa sin afectación significativa en la resistencia a compresión para reemplazos de hasta 30 %. No obstante, se observó una reducción de hasta el 20 % en la resistencia a flexión. Finalmente, se concluye que los concretos con hasta 40 % de RV pueden ser empleados en la fabricación de bloques, los cuales pueden ser clasificados como estructurales de categoría alta acorde con la Norma Técnica Colombiana NTC 4026. Esta aplicación es considerada como una solución viable para la valorización de residuos de vidrio bajo un enfoque de economía circular
Factors associated with high cardiovascular risk in Putumayo
No full textIntroduction: Sociodemographic factors such as geographic location are associated with high cardiovascular risk. Urban areas are characterized by densely populated areas with access to services, while rural areas have fewer people and limited services. Objective: To determine the factors associated with high cardiovascular risk according to the area of patients enrolled in a chronic care program in Putumayo. Materials and Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study. The population was selected through simple random sampling. Information on the main risk factors was collected and included in a multivariate logistic regression model. Results: A total of 1,190 patients were included (median age 59.5 years IQR 53–66, 68.74% women). 86.22% of the patients had high cardiovascular risk, with a similar distribution between urban (87.95%, n=628) and rural (83.61%, n=398) areas and a statistically significant difference compared to low/moderate risk (p=0.033). The factors related to cardiovascular risk in this population were primary education (OR: 0.68, CI 95%: 0.38–1.24), secondary education (OR: 0.88, CI 95%: 0.42–1.83), higher education (OR: 0.33, CI 95%: 0.13–0.82), ethnicity (none) (OR: 2.13, CI 95%: 0.98–4.63), rural area (OR: 0.66, CI 95%: 0.47–0.94), and contributory health affiliation (OR: 6.58, CI 95%: 2.75–15.72). Discussion: This study revealed that factors such as education level, ethnicity, type of health affiliation, and area were related to cardiovascular risk.Conclusion: The results showed a high proportion of individuals with elevated cardiovascular risk in Putumayo, with statistically significant differences between areas
Factors associated with domestic violence in women: systematic ecological review
No full textIntroduction: Domestic violence is a multi-causal situation that impacts women, exposing them to significant structural inequalities.Objective: To identify patterns that perpetuate domestic violence in women through a comprehensive review of the literature, using the ecological model to understand the underlying factors.Materials and Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted in Spanish, English, and Portuguese on patterns associated with domestic violence against women, using the PubMed, Scopus, Sociological Abstracts, and JSTOR databases, following the PRISMA method. Relevant studies were identified and selected based on predefined criteria, and their quality was assessed.Results: Twenty-two studies were selected that met the relevance and quality criteria. The review reveals that domestic violence is perpetuated through various systems: in the microsystem, patterns such as low educational level, alcohol and drug consumption, and emotional dependence; in the mesosystem, lack of life skills, inability to make decisions, and child abuse; in the exosystem, low income, poverty, unemployment, and criminal records; and in the macrosystem, husband’s controlling behavior and society.Discussion: The comprehensive analysis from different microsystemic, mesosystemic, exosystemic, and macrosystemic perspectives reveals gaps in existing knowledge and reinforces hypotheses about the underlying mechanisms, corroborating similar problems in other studies.Conclusion: The study provides a comprehensive understanding of domestic violence by analyzing patterns from different systems. This approach guides the development of more effective and informed prevention interventions and policies
