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50.000 – Raumbilder für Mittelstädte aus Open-Data-basierten Analyse- und Entwurfsexperimenten
Get PDFIm Sommersemester 2018 wurde am Fachgebiet Digitalisierung, Visualisierung und Monitoring der TU Kaiserslautern ein Masterprojekt durchgeführt, dessen Inhalt und Ziel es war, alle deutschen Städte mit 50.000 Einwohnern räumlich, quantitativ und qualitativ und allein auf Basis frei verfügbarer Daten undInformationen multikriteriell unter die Lupe zu nehmen. Hiermit sollte versucht werden, Struktur und Eigenarten dieses „Stadttypus“ näher zu kommen, Vergleiche und Bewertungen anzustellen und auf Basis der Analysen neue Raumbilder für sechs ausgewählte Städte zu entwerfen, mit denen sich deren wesentliche Eigenschaften visualisieren lassen. Neben themen- und fachbezogener Erkenntnis bestand das Forschungsinteresse insbesondere darin, Einsatzmöglichkeiten, aber auch Grenzen des aktuellen Standes offen verfügbarer (Geo-)Daten für planerische Fragestellungen, sowie Herangehensweisen und Methoden ander Schnittstelle digitaler und analoger Visualisierungs- und Entwurfstechniken experimentell zu erproben. Der Beitrag beschreibt vor diesem Hintergrund Ansatz, Aufbau, Durchführung und Ergebnisse des Masterprojekts und untersucht dabei planerische Arbeitsweisen zwischen Open Data, digitalen Werkzeugenund kreativen Entwurfs- und Visualisierungsprozessen. Inhalte und Ergebnisse werden dabei kritisch hinterfragt und der Ansatz für Lehre und Praxis diskutiert
ESPRESSO – systEmic Standardisation apPRoach to Empower Smart citieS and cOmmunities
Get PDFInnovative Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologie ist ein Schlüsselelement bei der Transformationzur Smart City. Aus technologischer Sicht muss in den städtischen IKT-Netzwerken ein bestimmter Standardisierungsgrad erreicht werden. Diese Standards müssen gleichermaßen für Stadtverwaltungen, Unternehmen und Bürger offen sein und so innovative Bottom-up-Lösungen ermöglichen. Das ESPRESSO-Konsortium umfasst Partner aus Smart Cities, öffentlichen Verwaltungen, europäischen Normungsorganisationen, nationalen Normungsgremien,Standardentwicklungsorganisationen, Industrievertretern und Forschungseinrichtungen. Das Hauptziel von ESPRESSO ist es, die Interoperabilität von Smart City-Lösungen sicherzustellen. Dies hilft Städten, Eintrittsbarrieren oder die Abhängigkeit von Anbietern zu vermeiden, indem sie gemeinsame Metadatenstrukturen und Anstelle von Proprietäten, offeneinteroperable Schnittstellen verwenden. Um dieses Ziel zu erreichen, hat ESPRESSO ein konzeptionelles Smart-City-Informations-Framework entwickelt, das auf offenen Standards basiert. Für diesen Rahmen ist es notwendig, ein gemeinsames Smart City-Vokabular zu entwickeln und Referenzarchitektur sowie Stadtinformationsindikatoren zu definieren. Im Rahmen des Projekts wurde ein auf Fallstudien basierender Ansatz verwendet, um Schlüsselanforderungen für weitere Standardanalyseaktivitäten zu identifizieren. Durch eine zusätzliche Stärken-Schwächen-Analyse wurden sowohl existierende als auch neu entwickelte Standards untersucht, umdie aktuell verwendeten Standards zu verbessern und verlässlichere für die Zukunft zu entwickeln. Die meisten der ursprünglich entwickelten Smart City Konzepte konzentrieren sich auf die Optimierung und Effizienz des Siedlungsraums. Häufig sind diese Ansätze top-down organisiert und betrachten den sozialen Stadtbereich nur unzureichend. Um die sozialen Auswirkungen und die gesellschaftliche Akzeptanz der entwickelten Lösungen zu verbessern, hat ESPRESSO ein Stakeholder-Kommunikationsnetzwerk eingerichtet, das einen frühen Dialog zwischen allen Beteiligen ermöglicht. Zur Unterstützung des theoretischen Ansatzes hat ESPRESSO vier Fallstudien in zwei Pilotstädten, Rotterdam (Niederlande) und Tartu (Estland), durchgeführt. Dabei wurde in unterschiedlichen Szenarien der Einsatz von standardisierten Smart City Lösungen getestet und anschleißend analysiert
Urban Densification and Urban Climate Change – Assessing Interaction through Densification Scenarios and Climate Simulations
Get PDFThe paper discusses interrelations of urban densification and urban climate under global warming conditions by means of microclimate simulations as well as urban densification scenarios, referring to two research projects exploring test areas in Vienna and Linz, Austria. The impact of the extension of building heights on microclimate in densely urbanized areas is tested applying 3D city models describing building height distribution, surface properties and open space characteristics. In Vienna the densification impact on the local climate is explored for a larger study area by extruding the buildings’ footprints towards the maximum height as allowed by the current zoning regulations. In Linz the urban densification impact on the local climate is tested by adding high-rise buildings which are planned to be developed in a selected neighbourhood. Building height extension scenarios allow on the one side examining the densification potential to create new residential floorspace without requiring additional building land and on the other side to investigate the impact of densification on climate conditions by modelling the effects on heat storage during sunlight hours, nocturnal heat radiation from buildings and air flow. Microclimate simulations show significant differences in the diurnal variation pattern of the mean radiant temperature depending on increase or decrease of shading and heat storage effects due to densification
Sustainable Urban Development by Expanding the Green Roofs to Improve the Urban Environment Quality (Case Study: Karaj, the fourth most populous City in Iran)
Get PDFGlobal climate change, which is also occasionally a result of urbanization, has brought the relationship between humans and the environment to a serious discussion. Humans have eroded the balance of nature because of incorrect use and the increasing rate of energy consumption and energy resource constraints. In addition to the environmental pollution and waste of human capitals, there is not only the danger of environment destruction, but also the future of human life is at risk. Iran is not spared from this global change and even because of various issues including e.g. geographical factors (a large part of Iran is located in hot and dry desert climate), energy consumption patterns, fossil fuel resources, is grappling with climatic and environmental problems more than other countries. Growth in annual consumption of energy has led the need to adherence to the goals of sustainable urban development to be more and more recognizable. Karaj city which is a metropolis in Iran and rapidly growing, has also the same situation. Karaj is the center of Alborz- the 31st province of Iran - and is located 34 kilometers west of Tehran. Unprecedented increase in the population of the city- Karaj is the forth populous city in Iran with a population of more than 2,000,000 people- and other urban issues today, have been followed by many problems including environmental onessuch as heavy traffic, noise and air pollution. Therefore, it seems to be a good solution for these problems helping Karaj to achieve the goals of sustainable urban development by rooftop greenin. Green roofs can have major environmental impacts on contemporary cities due to improve and sustain the quality of urban environment. That is why the purpose of this project is the introduction of green roofs as a strategy for sustainable urban development particularly in the city of Karaj. The project has been started to be processed. The environmental sustainability of Karaj should be assessed with the environmental and consumption data like e. g. annual energy consumption, air pollution, per-capita green space. Five regions have been chosen in different city areas based on the relation between built area volumes (buildings) and green spaces (each of them is one square kilometer at least). Based on this fact that climatic situations, framework shape and city components are the most important factors, which affect the performance of green roofs in an area, these areas have been simulated by the numeric simulation modelEnvimet. Afterwards, according to obtained statistics, there would be a particular program (Karaj environmental strategic plan) to make use of green roofs. This program will function based on the factors: regional climate and micro-climates, annual rainfall, average solar radiation energy, drought periods, frost days and wind direction as well as wind speed. In the end, specific criteria for future construction of green roofs and existing buildings would be suggested and implemented in a sample neighborhood
Systemische Vernetzung urbaner und ländlicher Räume – Erkennen, Formulieren, Entwerfen
Get PDFIm Rahmen von Planungsvorhaben beschränken sich Kontextanalysen oftmals nur auf räumliche Veränderungsprozesse von „Land“ oder „Stadt“. Damit hierbei alle gesamtgesellschaftlichen Aspekte zielführend mitgedacht werden können, sollten diese bewusst frühzeitig maßstabsübergreifend erfasst werden. Das Aufbrechen fokussierter Planungssichten stellt hierfür einen notwenigen ersten Schritt dar. Die Systemgrenze der Betrachtungsweise sollte dabei grundlegend erweitert werden. Somit können frühzeitig wichtige Akteursgruppen und sozial-räumliche Wechselwirkungen in das Sichtfeld treten, deren ansonstenvernachlässigte Belange nur schwer bzw. nicht mehr in die laufende Planung zu integrieren sind. Analysen von verschiedenen Personen-, Waren-, Informationsströme etc. dienen als Ansatz einer vernetzten Betrachtung von „Land“ und „Stadt“. Diesem Gedanken folgend wird ein ganzheitlicher analysebasierter Planungsansatz, der zu einem integrierten Lehrkonzept für Architekturstudenten forschungsnah aufbereitet wurde, vorgestellt. Als Basis und Alleinstellungsmerkmal gegenüber der klassischen Entwurfsausbildung wird eine breitgefächerte Potentialanalyse an den Anfang einer planerischen Entwurfsaufgabe gestellt. Praxisnahe Lehrveranstaltungen, basierend auf den frühen Phasen der Projektentwicklung, schulen mit verschiedenen planerischen Instrumentarien die Studierenden, um planerische Problemstellungen zu regionalen und überregionalen Verflechtungen (Stadt-Landbeziehungen) sowie Eingriffe auf verschiedenenMaßstabsebenen wie Nachbarschaft und Quartier zu identifizieren und problemgerecht zu qualifizieren. In der weiteren Bearbeitung entsteht hieraus ein integrales, bauliches und räumliches Entwurfskonzept
Using Co-Creation Methods to Solve Mobility Problems in Brussels
Get PDFIn recent years, urban problems such as congestion and traffic safety have jumped to the top of the political agenda in many European cities. At the same time, governments are increasingly shying away from formalconsultation methods to using more participatory methods to find solutions to urban problems. In the Brussels LOOPER Living Lab, bottom-up co-creation methods are tested in a full planning cycle, from problem identification to co-design and evaluation of alternative solutions to implementation and monitoring of these solutions. The research takes place within LOOPER (Learning Loops in the Public Realm), a JPIEurope funded research project with Living Labs running in Brussels, Manchester and Verona. The LOOPER project seeks to improve co-creation processes in urban governance and planning by building a participatory co-creation methodology and platform to demonstrate ‘learning loops’ i.e. new ways of decision-making, which bring together citizens, stakeholders, researchers and policy-makers to address urban challenges. In Brussels, offline and online co-creation methods have been used to define a problem (traffic safety), collect data on this problem, co-design solutions that solve this problem, evaluate the stakeholder support for these solutions, and implement a solution. This paper discusses how a combination of co-creation tools was used to contribute to a better understanding of traffic safety issues, led to co-designed alternatives and finally implementation overarching the full planning cycle in Brussels. Furthermore, the paper discusses how online and offline tools have been combined in the Living Lab
The Potential of Using Volunteered Locational Data in Planning for Smart Multi-Mobility Systems
Get PDFDevelopment of smart mobility systems in recent literature has received great interest, as many cities thrive to become smarter. As mobility plays an integral part in shaping citizens' lived experiences, improvement of mobility modes would lead to better quality of life in the city. Also given the correlation with economic activities within the city, investment into smart mobility systems promises many capabilities for cityplanners. To achieve this aim, the paper proposes the examination of factors which determine demand and supply capability of public transport systems (namely the Gaubus, a form of Bus Rapid Transit in Johannesburg, South Africa). Using an empirical research design, and quantitative data in the form of questionnaires and spatial data we determined the factors which influence demand and supply. A set of indicators were consequently developed to score these factors. The results reveal that commuter mobility choice is dependent upon distance travelled to bus/train station and also availability of alternative connecting points to other forms of mobility. Hence to promote the use of public transportation in the city, there is a need to improve connectivity between the various modes of mobility
Identifying the Possibilities of Integrating Speed Train and the Bus Rapid Transit System through Mobile Payment and Information Dissemination
Get PDFSouth Africa’s public transport has been formalised in the past years in order to provide a good flow for travelling. However, commuters struggle with taking formal public transport on the anticipated stations and reaching the desired destination. One of the challenges identified is the lack of integration between the different modes of formal public transport in the Gauteng province, South Africa. Previous studies conducted has shown that there is spatial connection between these systems. Though, this study explores beyond physical integration but electronic integration. This work therefore investigates the possibilities of how mobile information distribution and payment systems can integrate the Speed train and the Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) systems in Gauteng to create a convenient public transport system for commuters. Accordingly, introducing integrated mobile payment system and integrated mobile information distribution for BRT system and the Speed train. A qualitative research study design was used to enable gathering, analysing and data presentation. Explorative, comparative and content analysis were used to collect information. Preliminary results indicate that the formal public transport systems (High speed train and BRT systems) are not integrated, the use of mobile payment systems are not developed, mobile information distribution are only used by the speed train and the integration of formal public transport services through mobile technology are yet to be established. The paper concludes by acknowledging the significance of integrated public transport systems and identifying possibilities of these systems working together promoting viable transportation network. The study recommends the use of integrated mobile technology for public transport as it is safe, fast, reliable, and convenient for both commuters and authorities
New Assessment Method for Buildings and Districts towards “Net Zero Energy Buildings” Compatible with the Energy Scenario 2050
Get PDFWe present three extensions to current energy building and district assessment methods, which in contrast to previous evaluation methods, not only takes into account building specific energy paramenters and balances, but also links them to the physical energy potential of the project site as well as the future national energy supply scenario. This facilitates the assessment of whether the building or the district is compatible with the energy scenario 2050 without later adaptations or refurbishments. This is necessary because according to current prognoses the current legal requirements in Austria are insufficient for meeting the Paris climate targets, even despite their slowly increasing thresholds
Enhancing Citizen Participation through Serious Games in Virtual Reality
Get PDFRecently, an increasing number of cities are in the process of developing new strategies and concepts to become Smart Cities. Participatory approaches that include all stakeholders are essential for urban developments to be smart and widely accepted. Nevertheless, only a few cities have linked their citizen participation with city planning. This is where this innovative Virtual Reality (VR) project comes in.Technological progress in VR now enables people to be virtually integrated into an emerging future. Incombination with gamification methods, educational tools with long term impacts can be created. As of yet, gamification in a non-VR environment has been successfully applied in different projects. This project aims to unlock the untapped potential and examines how a serious game in a high-end VR environment can increase citizen participation in a Smart City. To create the VR application, a user-centered design method was applied. In a first step, a prototype, the serious game “Virtual Energy Hero”, was developed, which addresses energy and sustainability topics. The game was very well received by more than 90% of approximately 250 players (by the end of 2018). The storyline of the game, as well as its game mechanics to enhance interactivity and immersion, are the main areas for improvement, as identified through interviews, a literature review, tests and surveys. Theselearnings were considered when designing the second game "Virtual Smart City Hero". By creating virtual scenarios of the Smart City Winterthur, based on the city’s 3D model, people are offered the opportunity to dive into the topic and interact with current and future Smart City elements. Through interactive mini-games, the players are given an immersive experience. The “Virtual Smart City Hero” is currently under development and still in the design phase. It is planned that after playing the game, the players are encouraged to join a web based innovation platform. There, they can conceptualize and discuss new ideas and participate in bottom-up initiatives. The platform will promote collaborations between different actors - citizens, administrations, research institutes and the private sector. Impact assessments will be made and it will be analyzed how the platform has to be designed for citizens to become active Smart Citizens