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Single and Double Loop Learning in Rotterdam Makers District: The Future of Urban Development and the Resilient City
Get PDF“The task of education is to prepare students for a world that is not yet there”, says German philosopher Peter Sloterdijk (Van Stralen & Gudde, 2012). One could argue that urban development deals with the task of preparing the (urban) world that is not yet here. In this paper we highlight the role of learning in urban development. We take up our contribution to REALCORP2014 (Peek & Troxler, 2014) in which we applied the transition perspective to the field of urban development.Based on our research over the past five yearswe review that paper and propose some conditions that may foster learning in urban development. In 2014 we advocated Urban Open Innovation Environments as a potential transitional force in the changing field of urban development from the perspective of the Smart Cityconcept and underpinning this with some preliminary examples of these environments in the city of Rotterdam. Five years later we may look back on the actual changes in the field of urban development and its discourse (Buitelaar et al., 2014), including the rise of the Resilient City-concept (Rotterdam University & Pratt Institute New York, 2014). In Rotterdam, as in other cities, the role of areas with a regional innovation eco-system has been much debated (Clark et al., 2016). This resulted in a clearer view on the position of various urban locations where innovation is to be promoted and provided us with two cases to compare their open innovation potential (Peek & Meijer, 2016). Our findingsdirect us towards the role of learning within urban development
Virtual Design and BIM in Architecture and Urban Design – Potential Benefit for Urban Emotions Initiative
Get PDFThe contribution deals with the topic of using virtual design Environment and Building Information Modelling technology (BIM) to create immersive urban situations for real-time experiments. Three questions will be answered: How can architects and urban designer work in the future with simple and consistent workflows to check their models during their draft and how can they communicate the result better to non-professionals? Is this methodology a framework to build up virtual laboratory environments for the Urban Emotions Initiative to exclude unpredictable incidents? Students and scientists worked out solutions in an interdisciplinary research project, where virtual reality offers planners the opportunity to examine their models not only on their computer but also to experience in the new planned building or urban situation to analyse spatial impressions, paths and lighting conditions. Supported by generative tools a multi-scale "Swiss army knife" workflow between model creation and design discussing platform in VR was developed which can be adapted to a virtual tour for examination "urban emotions" via head-mounted displays
Abstract Smart Space and Concrete Risks
Get PDFAbstract representations of space in the smart city, like the control rooms of intelligent operation centres, simulate a panoptic gaze in order to legitimate the planning, management and control of urban space. In the corresponding language of quantified risk assessment, smart risks can be presented as objective numerical values whose probability of occurrence can be significantly reduced through smart measures for resilience. In our paper, we argue that the smart city’s technological solutions aim at reducing risk, but, in fact, create the paradoxical situation that measures for technological resilience reduce some technological risks, but reproduce and even amplify risks on technological and social levels at the same time. We illustrate this argument by critically discussing the emerging smart city with a view to the narrative of technological urban improvement for the good life, which is accompanied by acceptability of, and habituation to setbacks, or to potential disruptive impacts on urban services
Automatisiert Bewegen durch Stadt und Land – gesellschaftliche Implikationen der Implementierung von ITS-Technologien in das Verkehrsgeschehen des zukünftigen Mobilitätssystems
Get PDFDas Mobilitätssystem befindet sich in einem permanenten Umbruch, der von digitalen Technologien der Automatisierung der Verkehrsmittel und der Interkonnektivität im Verkehrssystem getragen wird. Diese als Intelligente Verkehrssysteme (ITS) bezeichneten Technologien bemächtigen sich der Mobilitätsbedürfnisse und -gewohnheiten, sodass die Frage der gesellschaftlichen Nutzenentfaltung und dessen Zuteilung auf die verkehrsteilnehmenden Gruppen aufgeworfen werden darf. Gesellschaftliche Implikationen manifestieren sich unmittelbar durch die Betroffenheit aller mobilitätsausübenden Gruppen im Straßenraum
Not Our Land: An Analysis of a Socially Dysfunctional Community in El Fayrouz, Red Sea Region, Egypt
Get PDFCommunity is an integral part of human social fabric; without a sense of belonging societies can no longer function properly. This paper investigates a low income residential area in El Fayrouz, an area located between the city of Hurghada and El Gouna in the Red Sea Governorate of Egypt. The methodological process of urban analysis is focused on understanding the residents of the area, their behaviours, challenges and expectations through studying qualitative and quantitative social and contextual data. The literature review, analysing similar case studies and benchmarks inspired the proposed solution. It is evident that the diversity of cultures of the migrants coming from Upper Egypt in search for economic opportunities hasformed social segregation in the area. This is magnified by the infrastructure deficiencies, the urban fabric and the unstable sources of income. “Not Our Land”, a manifestation of the sense of isolation and the disregard for the communal space is visualised through the solid waste in the street. This presents anopportunity for an environmental entrepreneurship model which integrates the community through an economic incentive: a solution that encompasses social, economic, ecological and infrastructural dimensions
Church Buildings as a Driver in the Real Estate Development of Cities
Get PDFIn Europe Church congregations facing a challenge to find re-uses for their church buildings. Based on a rising lack of members and financial incomes, which are needed for the maintenance of their buildings. Due to this financial critical situation, new usages and users must be found. On the one hand the re-use is a cultural question touching many aspects of heritage and community value, but on the other hand it is certainly facing the real estate market. Buildings are often in a very central location, which is suitable for usages, which demand a high number of customers. Re-use means also that the conversion has an enormous impact in the building structure and asks usually for an enormous investment. Besides the physical task how to handle the building, the way how it becomes reused is various. Different usages like community-based solutions, mixes usages can also be found like commercial or residential reuse. The solutions are mainly based on the building type of the church, on the financial possibilities of the owner but also on the location
The Role of Spirit of Place to Achieve Emotional Smart City
Get PDFIn the light of challenges of the technological invasion sweeping our cities and the rapid changes taking place in the world, it has become difficult for people to find a sense of place and feel a belonging to their cities. On the one hand, the world is pursuing sustainable development goals in 2030 to achieve sustainable cities and communities. On the other hand, new urbanism trends call for smart cities using ICT and IoT. No one can deny the role of technology in making human life easier, faster and smarter. Cities provide quality of life when they have the ability to meet human needs, to provide safety, privacy, ICT services, accessibility, mobility, and a healthy environment. Is it possible to show the spirit of place within the characteristics of the smart city? This paper engages in the dialectic relation between 'emotion city' and 'smart city'. Sense of place can connect humans with time and place through memories and feelings emanating from interacting and connecting with other humans and everything around them. It explores the factors that achieve the spirit of place through the characteristics of smart cities in two cities: Vienna and Melbourne. Things there have been created to serve mankind, not to take priority over people. This paper confirms that a city is for people not a city of things
The Paths of History for Multicultural Tourism: a Smart Real World in the Metropolitan City of Cagliari (Italy)
Get PDFRecently, the ways of visiting and enjoying the city have changed substantially, as well as the interest in places which are less visited in the classic points of interest - POIs (Matoga et al., 2018). This brings to light new forms of a multicultural tourism, which however activate fruition processes not yet planned and managed within the classic rules of sustainable development, resilience and the protection of cultural and historical authenticity of places. For these reasons, the main objective of this article is to focus on cultural integration in the Metropolitan City of Cagliari, constituted by 17 Municipalities in the South of Sardinia (Italy), in order to provide smart tourism solutions in a real context. The territory of the Metropolitan City of Cagliari is characterised by different types of undervalued or little known POIs (nuraghes, churches, historic centres, religious manifestations, religious festivals, and manifestations of identitarian tradition), which, however, are part of a heritage of absolute value that cannot be compared. Therefore, the working hypothesis is to redefine the concept of cultural good in its tangible or intangible form, in order to constitute a system with other POIs located in the metropolitan context. In relation to these assumptions, the paper wants to propose an integrated model of singular POIs and habitats, after describing the historical and cultural peculiarities of the Metropolitan City of Cagliari
Neighbourhood Walkability Assessment in Tianjin, China: Needs to be Analyzed from a Complex System Perspective
Get PDFWalkability is one of the key guiding frameworks for practitioners to design vibrant and healthy neighborhoods through urban planning interventions, especially in current circumstances where concernsover chronic diseases, obesity and apathetic neighborhoods are growing. The objective of this research is to develop a walkability index, with considerations of the uniqueness of the neighborhood built environment, life style, planning framework and requirement of Chinese cities, and apply it to Tianjin. The results show an uneven distribution pattern of the walkability. Further, the influence of the neighborhood’s location is identifiable, the closer it is to the city commercial center, the higher the walkability score is. The results indicate that the neighborhood walkability varies with both the built environment within it and its location within the whole city, which calls for more cross-scale analysis
Application of the Online WhatIf? Planning Support System in Peri-urban Spatial Planning; Case study of Muzaffargarh, Pakistan
Get PDFOut of South Asian countries, Pakistan is experiencing the fastest urbanization rate where more than half of the population will reside in urban areas after next seven years. Such a rapid transformation in urban areas calls for an extraordinary response from spatial planning agencies. Handling of complex urban phenomena with precision and time efficiency has created the dire need for shifting from manual planning processes to computer-assisted planning approaches. Although, previous studies on spatial planning practices in Pakistan have highlighted the stages and processes where adoption of planning support systems (PSS) can help improve the planning outcomes. However, the use of geospatial technologies and PSS have been quite limited in adoption and undertake by the planning profession. With the advent of Smart Cities renewed awareness and support of data driven approach and tools such as PSS have assisted in bridging this utilization gap. To improve the adoption of PSS in spatial planning, many researchers have emphasized the need for research into understandintg and documenting real world use cases in ofg PSS supported planning. This research documents the case study of Muzaffargarh as the first spatial planning practice in the country’s context where the Online WhatIf? PSS has been synchronized in the plan preparation process and used for the development of planning proposals. While documenting the detailsabout the employment of OWI in the preparation of peri-urban structure plan (PUSP), it captures the processes, opportunities and challenges along with the user feedback. The country context specific procedural details covering the datasets, planning factors and assumptions have been comprehensively explained. It has been ensured that the details are sufficient enough to act as a guide for future plan preparation tasks of similar nature. Similarly, challenges and opportunities have been documented as part of the lessons learnt. This research concludes that the Online WhatIf? (OWI) has demonstrated to be a very good fit in PUSP preparation. This PSS has shown to provide a consistent and structured process to interactively explore, future land development options, which is considered a useful approach in PUSP preparation