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Data and Algorithm – the Fast Lane for Carless Mobility
Get PDFDie Wahl für ein Verkehrsmittel fällt primär durch Bequemlichkeit und Reisedauer und somit auf den motorisierten Individualverkehr (MIV). Insbesondere der Fuß- und Radverkehr wird dem MIV bereits in der Planung untergeordnet. Ineffiziente Wegenetze die der Fußgängerpsychologie und der Fahrradfahrphysik widersprechen entstehen. Dieses hemmt die Bequemlichkeit und Reisedauer des Fuß- und Radverkehrs und somit per Mobilitätskette die des öffentlichen Personennahverkehrs (ÖPNV). In einem Vorhaben wird untersucht, ob durch den Einsatz von künstlicher Inteligenz (KI) effiziente Wegenetze, die der Fußgängerpsychologie und der Fahrradfahrphysik entsprechen, entwickelt werden können. Es wird untersucht, mit welchen verfügbaren Daten der Fuß- und Radverkehr so beschleunigt werden kann, dass er zusammen mit dem ÖPNV zur Konkurenz für den MIV wird
Ko-produktive Stadtentwicklung? Steuerungsansätze und Steuerungsprobleme mit kreativen Wertschöpfungsprozessen
Get PDFIn den wissenschaftlichen Diskussionen über die Kulturalisierung der Ökonomie oder Kreativquartiere lässt sich erkennen, dass für raumgestaltende Prozesse die Eigenlogiken kreativer Unternehmen von grundlegender Bedeutung sind. Zur Gestaltung einer kreativen Stadt sind flexible und projektbasierte Konstellationen notwendig. Hierarchische Organisationsmodelle und formelle Instrumente der Stadtplanung verlieren in diesem Kontext an Bedeutung. Horizontale Steuerungsformen und vor allem ko-produktive Aktivitäten sind dafür geeignet. Wichtige Akteure sind dabei natürlich Stadtplanungsämter und städtische Wirtschaftsförderungsgesellschaften. Diese Akteure setzen in der Praxis die damit verbundenen Aufgabenjedoch nur selten in Beziehung zu der Frage nach adäquaten Formen der räumlichen Planung oder Steuerung. Anhand eines bedarfsorientierten Forschungsansatzes habe ich dieses Phänomen planungswissenschaftlich untersucht und dazu die Wertschöpfungsprozesse kreativer Kleinstunternehmen in der Stadt Hamburg als Beispiel genommen. Dabei zeigen sich vielfältige Formen betrieblicher Entwicklungspfade sowie zielgruppenorientierte Unterstützungsmaßnahmen der lokalen Institutionen der Stadtplanung und Wirtschaftsförderung. Der Artikel beschreibt Steuerungsansätze und -probleme mit kreativen Ökonomien von unterschiedlichen Akteuren der öffentlichen Hand hinsichtlich gesamtstädtischer Entwicklungsperspektiven. Möglichkeiten und Grenzen ko-produktiver Stadtentwicklung werden konkret am Beispiel der Stadt Hamburg skizziert. Der Artikel endet mit Handlungsvorschlägen für eine Qualifizierung planerischer Ko-Produktion und Übertragungsmöglichkeiten für andere Städte
Developing Public Rental Housing on Rural Collective Construction Land in Shanghai Suburbs: A Case of Cao’an Village in Jiading Industrial District
Get PDFSince the 1990s, it is an obvious feature of Shanghai suburbs that the spatial urbanization lags behind the industrialization, with thriving demands for housing from domestic immigrant workers. By contrast, thevillages surrounding the industrial area undergo an aging process continuously, with the youth moving out of the village and many rural houses left vacant, expecting new developing opportunities and vitality urgently. If the demands from both sides can not be coordinated or guided, the indigenous villagers would likelyconstruct or enlarge the owner-occupied houses illegally arbitrarily and rent them to the immigrants, resulting in the deterioration of the living environment and social conflicts in the village. In 2017, the national policy "Pilot Scheme for Building Rental Houses on the Collective construction land" was released, in which Shanghai was selected as a pilot city. In this background, this paper aims to examine the necessity and feasibility of building public rental houses (abbr. PRH) on the rural collective construction land1 (abbr. CCL) in Shanghai suburbs and propose appropriate strategies for it. The paper first summarizesrelevant experience from villages in Dongguan and Beijing via documentation. Then combined with the author's practice of Master-planning in Jiading Industrial Zone in Shanghai, with a local village named Cao'an as the case, this paper evaluates the necessity and feasibility of constructing public rental houses in Cao'an village respectively from the village's status quo of development and the opportunities offered by its special location. Finally, drawing on the experience of Dongguan and Beijing, corresponding strategiesregarding the construction of housing-supply-system and subsequent development are proposed. This paper aims to discuss whether it's possible to, and how to use rural land reasonably to resolve the supply-demand contradiction of housing in the context of rapid industrialization of suburbs in developing countries, guide the orderly construction of suburbs, and prevent villages from becoming informal settlements
Urban Governance Toolbox for a Climate-Friendly Smart City
Get PDFWhile many European cities have integrated climate protection into plans and processes and are aware of the dramatic effects of the climate change for the urban space, the integration of climate adaptation remains limited. However, even if the defined climate goals are reached, cities will have to adapt their structures and processes to deal with increased risks. That is why climate protection must be supplemented by climateadaptation measures in order to preserve attractive, liveable and safe living space. The paper builds on activities within the project SMARTilience funded by the federal Ministry of Education and Research. The Institute of Human Factors and Technology Management (IAT) of the University of Stuttgart, the HafenCity University Hamburg, Drees&Sommer, the Malik Management GmbH and the German cities Mannheim and Halle (Saale) are developing an integrated, socio-technical control model, the so-called urban governance toolbox, to support decision-makers and other actors in municipalities to promote effective climate action. This toolbox should include smart tools which helps to increase the resilience of a city and integrates climate change and climate adaptation. This paper discusses the justification of its development, possible content and the concept behind the urban governance toolbox. Furthermore, the paper will present two concrete use cases (Mannheim and Halle) with their urgent pressure to act on climate adaptation and how those two urban laboratories with real experiments will contribute to the development of the toolbox. Furthermore, the paper explains the peer-to-peer learning which is strongly emphasized in the project as one part of the urban toolbox
Estimating the HARA Land Use Model for Housing Planning based on Hedonic Price Analysis
Get PDFHARA is a land-use model that uses a search algorithm to find the optimal spatial allocation of new housing demands in an urban plan area. In the model, the plan area is represented as a grid of cells. A core element of the algorithm is a function that is used to evaluate the value of a cell for each possible land-use given its location. The value function is specified as the net value of a (housing) development given the land costs, the construction costs, and the market value of the development at a location. Specified in that way, the solution generated represents an optimum as well as a market equilibrium (maximum net value for developers). A critical prerequisite for this is, however, that the value-function is specified such that it accurately represents buyers’ willingness-to-pay for dwelling and location characteristics in the housing market. In this paper, we show how the value function can be estimated using hedonic price analysis. The analysis is carried out based on a large housing transaction data set focusing on two medium-sized cities in The Netherlands combined with detailed land-use data of these areas. Although a full set of land-use types is taken into account, special attention is paid to the classification of urban green space, given the purpose to analyze scenarios for developing urban green space. The results indicate that land-use effects on housing prices differ considerably between housing types as well as city. We conclude therefore that it is important in the estimation of land-use models to take the specific local conditions of housing markets and housing segments into account
Unlocking “Kasi Wealth”: Perceptions of Transformations through Spatial Planning and Local Economic Development in Soshanguve
Get PDFThe buzz concept of inclusive economic growth has been receiving great emphasis in both academic and industry dialogues, thus placing the socio-economic transformation agenda on the spotlight not only in South African cities but also in cities across the African continent. Drawing from the urgent need to restructure the South African economy as well as the relevant institutions that support the economy as a whole; this study investigates the role of spatial planning and local economic development strategies in Kasi wealth transformation, using Soshanguve Township as the case study. It can be argued that, as an empowering strategy, effective strategic spatial plans need to be clearly expressed in LED policies. Using the social capital and the Right to the City theoretical lenses, the paper assesses the perceptions of black business owners in Soshanguve on spatial planning and the way it has shaped, or not, the viability of their businesses. The transformation of small-scale informal and semi-formal businesses into successful enterprises that have a fair share in the national economic space is investigated through perceptions. The paper also interrogates the influence of the interplay among spatial, economic and social dynamics in socio-spatial and economic transformation. A qualitative research approach was applied where data was gathered from twelve (12) small scale and informal business owners in Soshanguve using semi-structured interviews. Qualitative data was also gathered from four (4) key informants; who are professionals that actively participate in spatial planning and local economic development of Soshanguve Township. Content analysis was used to analyse the data, where categories were deciphered and used to create themes and GIS maps were produced to visualise the spatiality of the small businesses in Soshanguve. The paper argues that despite the City of Tshwane having LED initiatives, the clear and explicit relationship and expression between strategic spatial planning and LED remains blurred. In order to achieve inclusive and transformative growth, LED should find clear and precise expression in strategic spatial planning and property management to support township entrepreneurs. Pursuant to that, strategic spatial planning should be simplified in order to accommodate the informal economy and place emphasis on strong community relation networks between local authorities and planning policies. It is recommended that economic transformation needs to begin epistemologically andideologically through the advancement of human development through sustainable planning practice and community building efforts. The study concludes that this can also be achieved through the development of stronger community networks (internal and external) that ensure township residents and business ownersequally participate in the national economy and contribute to shaping its planning practice. From thisperspective, the City of Tshwane has ground to cover in the coproduction of planning epistemologies and practice towards a platform for inclusive and transformative growth and social and economic justice
Läuft mit GIS?! Erhebung von Fußgängerfreundlichkeit mittels mobiler GIS
Get PDFDie Synergien von Gesundheit und räumlicher Planung sind insbesondere dann relevant, wenn man berücksichtigt, dass das Mobilitätsverhalten und die alltägliche körperliche Betätigung auch durch diebaulichen Gegebenheiten im Quartier beeinflusst werden. Alltägliche Wege, wie zum nächstgelegenen Bäcker, werden mit dem PKW zurückgelegt, da der Weg zu Fuß oder mit dem Fahrrad in autoorientierten Umwelten unsicher und unkomfortabel erscheint. Zusätzlich wird die Förderung der Gesundheit im Städtebau immer bedeutsamer. Dies ist allerdings in vielen bereits existierenden baulichen Strukturen nicht zu erkennen. Um gesund zu sein und zu bleiben, bedarf es einer ausreichenden täglichen Bewegung, welche leicht in den Alltag zu integrieren sein sollte – in fußgängerunfreundlichen Strukturen ist das allerdings schwer zu bewältigen. Aufgrund dieser Problematik ist die Entwicklung von Methoden zur Identifizierungebendieser fußgängerunfreundlichen Strukturen ein sehr aktuelles Thema in der räumlichen Planung, um daraus Handlungsmöglichkeiten ableiten zu können. Das vorliegende Paper knüpft an diese gegenwärtige Thematik an, indem anhand eines konkreten Beispiels die Erörterung der Fragestellung im Mittelpunkt steht, ob und inwiefern die Erhebung von Fußgängerfreundlichkeit zu gesundheitsörderlichen Strukturen beitragen kann. Bei dem konkreten Beispiel handelt es sich um das Projekt Walkability in der Praxis, welches vom Institut für Stadtplanung + Städtebau (ISS) der Universität Duisburg-Essen für das Landeszentrum für GesundheitNRW (LZG.NRW) von Februar bis November 2018 durchgeführt wurde. Innerhalb des Projekts stand die Durchführung von drei Aktionstagen mit dem Schwerpunkt Walkability im Fokus, mit dem Ziel die Fußgängerfreundlichkeit von ausgewählten Routen zu berechnen. Die Aktionstage bestanden aus Walk-Audits (Begehungen) von zuvor festgelegten Routen in drei verschiedenen Quartieren in Nordrhein-Westfalen, die zusammen mit Bewohnenden der Quartiere durchgeführt wurden. In einzelne Segmente unterteilt, konnte mit Hilfe der App ArcGIS Collector die Walkability der verschiedenen Strecken ermittelt werden. Zusätzlich konnte das Projekt die Teilnehmenden für die Chancen und Herausforderungen des Fußverkehrs sensibilisieren. Der Aufbau des vorliegenden Papers gliedert sich wie folgt: Zunächst wird in einer kurzen Einleitung in die Thematik und die Verknüpfung von gesundheitlichen Belangen und räumlicher Planung eingeführt. Der Stand der Forschung behandelt verschiedene Methoden zur Erhebung von Walkability und schafft die Grundlage für die anknüpfende Vorstellung des genutzten Tools für das Projekt Walkability in der Praxis. Darauf aufbauend sind die praktische Umsetzung und der Ablauf der Aktionstage dargestellt. In einem letzten Schritt folgt die Darstellung der Ergebnisse und eine Reflexion zum Projekt und dem genutzten Tool
Rethinking Mobility and Fixity in Developing Cities: a Case of South Africa
Get PDFCities in the developing world are spaces of mobility and fixity. Globally access to mobility is oftengoverned by social and economic constraints. Post 1994, South Africa metropolitan cities have seen numerous policies and legislative frameworks being developed to enhance urban mobility. Traditionally movement patterns in such developing cities is controlled by various transit services such as the level of accessibility, travel-time and number of alternative travel options. However in situations whereby there is no correlation between legislative instruments and daily operations of public transport systems. The objective of this paper was hence to access the rhythm of how commuters traverse in contemporary African cities. Using an explorative approach cognitive and spatial data was collected to develop a heat map to visualise variations of accessibility with the city. Preliminary finding reveal transportation hubs and areas of economic activities such as Park Station, Sandton and Rosebank have the highest levels of accessibility. Using the findings from the paper, city authorities can visualise movement patterns in the city and also forecast locations to improve transportation infrastructure
Places Representation on Social Media – A Study to Analyze the Differences between the Virtual Communities and the Offline Environment
Get PDFWe are living in a digitized world with a fast base of changing and adapting. Our ways of communication
have been translated to online platforms with high standards (E.g. emails, WhatsApp, Facebook, etc.).
According to that, virtual communities have been developed to mimic the “offline” world. Social network
platforms are trying to imitate the physical environment around us to offer their users an online experience as
real as they can. One will find several technologies to explore new places with embedded data (E.g. others
reviews, ratings, suggested activities, price, opening hours, etc.). This type of data has a direct and effective
way to raise awareness about certain places and shift interest towards others. This fact is dramatically
changing how people interact with their cities and how places have been represented and produced. That’s
why analyzing online behaviour is one of the key factors for city development.
Platforms are developing technologies to provide a digitized place-making; technologies like geotagging
services, geo-reference content, commenting mechanism, reviews, and ratings, along with a big list. These
new trends have opened a new dilemma between the offline and online world and how the two affect each
other. In this research, literature has been made to identify the meaning of “place” and its component in the
“offline” world. Also, the research will examine the different ways in representing places on the “online”
world. Then, a framework will be proposed to measure the fulfilment of places’ representation in these
platforms (Facebook, Twitter, and Google). In the end, the research will suggest further work on how to
represent a physical place into a virtual communication platform. This study can be a start point for scholars
who seek to retrieve data from social media regarding places
Participatory Mapping of Citizens’ Experiences at Public Open Spaces: A Case Study at Bologna Living Lab
Get PDFIn recent years public open spaces (POS) are considered as potential settings for urban regeneration strategies. A POS is successful when it is incorporated into the activities of the citizens, is accessible to people from different social and economic backgrounds, suitable for recreation and also supports people’s security and comfort (Eyles, 2007). Thus, planning process should include citizens’ experiences, opinions and needs. The aim of this paper is to gain insights on the citizens’ experiences and opinions during their presence in POSs by using global positioning systems (gps), geotagging techniques and participatory approaches, while experimenting in the living lab of Bologna established within the framework of the European Union Horizon 2020 project “Regeneration and Optimisation of Cultural heritage in creative and Knowledge cities” (ROCK). For that purpose, a participatory data collection was conducted in Bologna, Italy. The participation of 42 residents was facilitated via Bologna Urban Living Lab (U-Lab). Via Zamboni, Via delle Belle Arti, Via S. Giacomo are the most visited routes in the area. In total 273 subjective experiences were registered, mainly at Via Zamboni, Piazza Verdi and Piazza Scaravilli. 75% of these experiences were associated with positive feelings while 25% were associated with negative. Respondents reported that problems/issues at POSs occurred mainly due to insufficient accessibility and neglect of POSs. U-Lab exploited the results of data collection and organised participatory meetings in order to co-create solutions to transform negatively experienced POSs into positively experienced ones. The paper concludes with the discussion of how this approach can be used as evidence-based design tool for regeneration ofPOSs