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Building a Common Platform: Integrative and Territorial Approach to Planning Cultural Heritage within the Framework of the Spatial Plan of the Republic of Serbia 2021-2035
Get PDFIn accordance with international documents, European regulations and standards, recent documents of spatial and urban planning in Serbia promote the objectives of an integrative and territorial approach for theprotection and planning of cultural heritage. This is intended as a cross-institutional, cross-sectoral approach and extending the scope of the protection of single monuments to wider spatial entities. Institutional and legal frameworks of the cultural heritage protection and planning have not yet been harmonised with international recommendations and do not support achieving these goals. Cultural Property Law (1994) is still in force and does not recognise the categories of cultural landscape (although the European Landscape Convention was ratified in Serbia in 2011) and of urban landscape (as the UNESCO's Recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape from 2011 has not been ratified yet, although the scientific and professional community has been acquainted with it). In accordance with the current law, single monuments dominate the structure of the Central Registry of immovable cultural properties. Considering that registration is not legally binding, there is a lack of additional research to recognise the architectural and urban heritage that is not under institutional protection. This has resulted in the decline of valuable buildings and ensembles, including entire urban settlements that represent important constituents of the cultural and urban identity of Serbia. Furthermore, Reports on the Implementation of the Spatial Plan of the Republic of Serbia from 2010 point to an unequal spatial distribution of registered cultural goods, which is not related to the factual cultural and historical importance of certain areas, but to the degree of economic development and the activity of certain regional protection services. This sets an additional task for the planning documents on enhanced urban protection measures in these areas. The preparation of the Spatial Plan of the Republic of Serbia 2021-2035 is underway, which affirms that cultural heritage is a resource of sustainable development as well as of national, regional and urban identity as one of the general objectives of spatial development. This paper is a summary of an initial analysis of the draft plan. It indicates the need to establish a common platform for the protection, planning and sustainable use of cultural heritage in Serbia. This platform should act on three main levels, firstly gathering data on cultural properties; secondly compounding all formal and informal documents relating to cultural heritage, especially s regards its spatial dimension; and last but not least, inolving a wide range of participants in the protection, planning and management of cultural heritage
The Art of Curating an Accessible, Safe & Inclusive City
Get PDFBuilding Accessible, Safe, & Inclusive Indian Cities (BASIIC) is an action research programme implemented by the National Institute of Urban Affairs (NIUA) of the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA), Government of India. It intends to bring in a paradigm shift in the urban planning and design process by incorporating the tenets of universal accessibility, safety, and inclusivity as the first principle across three levels of government and a wide range of relevant stakeholders. It is supported by the Department for International Development of the UK Government funding through an accountable grant to NIUA. The programme developed through the process of co-creation and multiple rounds of consultation with the key relevant stakeholders and beneficiary groups highlights the value of working with target beneficiaries - persons with disabilities, elderly, women & children (People) as change agents. The transformation in action is the identification of existing gaps in policies and guidelines (Policy) relevant to the above beneficiaries and demystification to a larger group of stakeholders. Outcomes envisaged include more accessible, safe, and inclusive placemaking (Place) for a better quality of life and liveable communities & neighbourhoods. This curation of accessible, safe and inclusive cities through People-Policy-Place (P3) in a collaborative manner with all the quadruple helix actors - government, civil society, academic & research, and industry/start-up on-board is a step towards sustainable development goals
Urban Planning and Corona Spaces – Scales, Walls and COVID-19 Coincidences
Get PDFThis study focuses on the role and responsibility of urban planning in mitigating the COVID-19 pandemic ́s impact. The far-reaching social and economic consequences of this threat are counteracted by organisational and constructional measures to prevent lockdowns and finally illnesses and deaths. Corona spaces and voids are introduced as a consistent multi scale approach concerning the pandemics spatial implications and respective measures. These terms are operationalised for urban planning and can be used as an overarching concept to be communicated within cross-sectoral planning tasks. A comparison of Taiwan's and the USA's responses to the outbreak suggests that the coincidence at the beginning of a pandemic can be controlled by institutional precautions. On an urban scale, organisational measures (e.g. contact tracing, quarantine, and lockdown) can be supported by constructional ones concerning e.g. transport, public spaces, urban agriculture, and offices aimed at crowding reduction. If appropriate measures are applied, urban density does not seem to increase spreading the virus, whereby a regression analysis based on data of districts in Germany shows no relationship between population density and COVID-19 deaths. Lockdown prevention should be a planning goal and multifunctional approaches that integrate aspects of virus resilience should be favoured over the monothematic urban development approach (Leitbild) of a virus resilient city. Urban planning can contribute to the mitigation of future outbreaks by including pandemic preparedness in planning frameworks
Größere Discounter, kleinere Verbrauchermärkte und Onlineshops: Welche Rolle spielen die aktuellen Trends im Lebensmitteleinzelhandel für die Nahversorgung im ländlichen Raum?
Get PDFIn den letzten Jahren sind im deutschen Lebensmitteleinzelhandel mehrere Entwicklungen hinsichtlich der Betriebsformen- und Standortstruktur festzustellen: Bestehende Discounterfilialen werden erweitert und neue Filialen werden mit Verkaufsflächengrößen weit oberhalb der in Deutschland geltenden planerischen Grenze des großflächigen Einzelhandels eröffnet; Discounter werden daher auch immer häufiger Gegenstand von Verträglichkeitsbeurteilungen in Planungsverfahren. Gleichzeitig sinkt die Marktbedeutung von großen Verbrauchermärkten bzw. SB-Warenhäusern und mehrere Supermarktketten bzw. -kooperativen treiben ein kleinflächiges Citymarkt-Konzept voran. Während Amazon und Rewe in ausgewählten Großstadtregionen einen Online-Lieferdienst für Lebensmittel aufgebaut haben, erweitern etablierte Supermarktketten ihr stationäres Angebot um einen online-gestützten Abholservice (Click and collect). Anhand eines regionalen Fallbeispiels aus dem ländlichen Raum (Südniedersachsen) untersucht dieser Beitrag, inwiefern diese Entwicklungen – konvergierende Marktgrößen und Cross-Channel-Einbindung im LEH – mit dem tatsächlichen Einkaufsverhalten der Bevölkerung in Einklang zu bringen sind. Denn die planerischen Ideale zielen auf eine intakte Nahversorgung ab, die in erster Linie als gute Erreichbarkeit übersetzt wird. Sprechen also „große“ Discounter oder Supermärkte mit einem Onlineshop überhaupt die Verbraucher an? Und: Relativieren diese Entwicklungen die hohe Relevanz, die der Erreichbarkeit in Nahversorgungsfragen zugesprochen wird? Konkret wird daher untersucht, welche Rolle die (betriebsformenspezifische) Verkaufsflächengröße und die Click-and-collect-Option – unter Berücksichtigung der Erreichbarkeit – für die Einkaufsstättenwahl im LEH spielen. Hierzu wird ein quantitatives Modell der Einkaufsstättenwahl aufgestellt und die Einflüsse anhand von empirischen Echtdaten zum Einkaufsverhalten überprüft. Interessanterweise zeigt sich, dass das Angebot eines online-gestützten Abholservices (bisher) keinerlei Effekt auf die Einkaufsentscheidungen der Kunden hat. Es lässt sich allerdings belegen, dass Verkaufsflächenerweiterungen bei Discountern die Kundenzuflüsse erhöhen, wobei dieser Effekt stärker ist als bei allen anderen Betriebsformen. Als wichtigste Determinante des Einkaufsverhaltens im LEH zeigt sich jedoch wieder einmal die Erreichbarkeit der Anbieter. Die Ergebnisse leisten einen Beitrag zu der Frage, wie Neuansiedlungen und Erweiterungen von LM-Märkten in Planungsverfahren ggf. differenzierter beurteilt werden können
Straße der Zukunft
Get PDFUrbane Straßen erfüllen neben der bedeutsamen und offensichtlichen verkehrstechnischen Verbindungs- und Erschließungsfunktion weitere wichtige Funktionen für die Stadt: Sie sind Wirtschaftsraum, soziokultureller Aktionsraum und ökologischer Puffer für den Temperatur-, Wasser- und Schadstoffhaushalt. Aufgrund dieser vielfältigen Bedeutung wirken sich aktuelle Trends und Entwicklungen in den unterschiedlichen Bereichen maßgeblich auf den Straßenraum aus und fordern neue Konzepte hinsichtlich Planung, Umsetzungund Instandhaltung. Wie die Entwicklung von zukunftsfähigen Straßen mit Blick auf gegebene Herausforderungen gestaltet werden kann und wie dabei Technologieinnovationen Eingang finden können, wird im Rahmen des BMBF-geförderten Projekts „Straße der Zukunft“ durch die beiden Fraunhofer-Institute IAO und IGB gemeinsam mit dem Praxispartner Drees & Sommer Infra Consult und den Kommunen Ludwigsburg und Erlangen erforscht. Im Projekt werden zwei Musterstraßen in den Partnerkommunen baulich umgesetzt. Dabei fließen wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse aus dem Projekt in den Prozess ein, um vor Ort den Einsatz innovativer Lösungen zu erproben. In diesem Beitrag wird zunächst ein Überblick über die Entwicklung und Bedeutung der vielschichtigen Dimensionen der Straße gegeben. Neben einer historischen Einordnung werden dafür die Funktionen beleuchtet, die Straßen im Stadtgefüge erfüllen sowie aktuelle Trends diskutiert, die auf die Straße der Zukunft einwirken. Abschließend werden zwei im Forschungsprojekt erarbeitete Extremszenarien für den Straßenraum 2030 „Highway of Data“ und „Grüne Lunge“ vorgestellt und ein Ausblick für deren Integration gegeben. Das übergeordnete Forschungsinteresse für den weiteren Projektverlauf ist es zu verstehen wieDigitalisierung und Nachhaltigkeit in einer gemeinsamen Planungsperspektive integriert werden können
Research College NRW “Sustainable Energy Systems in the Quarter” – Collection of Abstracts
Get PDFThis paper collects the abstracts of the REAL CORP 2020 special topic session “Sustainable Energy Systems in the Quarter” in the order of their appearance for presentation at the conference: •Wesely, Karin: Towards a better understanding of emotional drivers and barriers in the context of local renewable energy projects – An empirical investigation on homeowners’ motives from a marketing perspective (Work&Progress) •Slabik, Simon: The Integration of Resource Efficiency in the Building Stock through Efficiency and Sufficiency Measures – Life Cycle Assessment Comparisons and Models •Taruttis, Lisa; Weber, Christoph: The Impact of Energy Efficiency on Housing and Rental Prices – Evidence from North Rhine-Westphalia •Treude, Mona: Smart Cities – from the Handling of a Technology Concept to the Transformation Tool of Sustainable Cities •Kränke, Lisa: Participation in Urban Real World Laboratories – Case Study of Bochum Hamme •Hernández Galvis, Dione: Digitalisation of the “Energiewende”: Legal Framework for a more Efficient Implementation of Solar Energy in Smart Neighbourhoods •Kröger, David: Market and Transmission Grid Simulations Considering an Increasing Number of Integrated Energy Systems •Paulus, Anne: Acceptance of Sustainable Modes of Transport with Focus on Neighbourhood
Flexible, Digital and Integrated: Public Transport of the Future in Suburban and Rural Areas
Get PDFHistorically, urban transport networks were built for horses and pedestrians, resulting in the typical medieval
structure of cities, which can still be found across Europe. A first transformation occurred during the period
of industrialization, where public transport systems (tramways, railways) enabled the expansion of urban
centers into the countryside and fostered the separation of residential areas and places of work. Then,
boosted by the ideas of the Athens Charter 1933 (Le Corbusier, 1943) and a new reliance on motorized
transportation, urban economic areas expanded into much larger metropolitan areas, by building low density
suburbs that blurred into rural zones. In these areas, driving replaced more sustainable modes of transport
and today suburban and rural environments experience severe mobility problems such as high levels of
congestion, expansive parking lots, low accessibility for people who cannot or do not wish to drive and
underserved sectors. Traditional public transport is less competitive in such low-density areas, service is
often infrequent, concentrated during peak-hours and serving mainly city-commuters. The dispersion of
origins and destinations makes it difficult to establish fixed high-performance routes and high car ownership
means low patronage. Land use planning, including regulation to manage population and employment
density, as well as walkability and cycleability policies, is the most efficient instrument for building more
sustainable, public transportation friendly environments. In the meantime, however, shared mobility digital
platforms and their customer-centric business models provide a new opportunity to improve mobility in
suburban and rural areas
CentropeMAP und CentropeSTATISTICS – interaktive Zeitreihendarstellung grenzübergreifender statistischer Daten
Get PDFCentrope ist eine grenzüberschreitende Region, die die aneinander grenzenden Bundesländer bzw. Landkreise der vier Staaten Österreich, Tschechische Republik, Ungarn und Slowakische Republik umfasst. Seit nunmehr 15 Jahren sind Geodaten aus diesen vier nationalen Teilregionen in einem gemeinsamen Geoportal (www.centropemap.org) online verfügbar. Eine fünfsprachige Website bietet Basisinformationenzur Region, das Geoportal ist rein in englischer Sprache gehalten. Seither wird der inhaltliche und funktionelle Umfang stets erweitert, aus einem reinen Geodatenviewer ist mittlerweile ein umfangreiches Werkzeug zur Bearbeitung und räumlichen Darstellung von statistischen Daten geworden. Dafür werden von den jeweiligen nationalen Statistikämtern auf jährlicher Basis Daten bereitgestellt, die in CentropeMAP grenzüberschreitend aufbereitet und als gemeinsame Karte dargestellt werden können. Anders als bei vielen anderen öffentlich zugänglichen Statistikportalen, die ihre Daten meist nur auf den recht grobmaschigen Betrachtungseinheiten NUTS 3 oder NUTS 2 anbieten, konzentriert sich CentropeMAP auf Daten der Gemeindeebene. Dies schränkt zwar den inhaltlichen Umfang etwas ein, denn nicht alle statistischen Erhebungen werden auf der Gemeindeebene durchgeführt; viele Daten gibt es generell nur in kleinermaßstäbigen Einheiten. Die neuesten nfunktionelle Erweiterungen, die hier vorgestell werden, sind zum einen die Möglichkeit zur Darstellung von statistischen Daten als Zeitreihe in animierter Form, und zum anderen die direkte Abrufmöglichkeit von Gemeindedaten über die Kartenansich
Geographies of Ageing in Flanders (Belgium)
Get PDFIn line with other regions and countries in Europe, Flanders (Belgium) is characterized by an ageing population. The share of population older than 65 will increase from approximately 20 percent in 2018 towards 25 percent in 2030. Of course, this goes together with several challenges, not only related to the sustainability of the healthcare and retirement system, but also in terms of housing, mobility and planning. Although ageing-in-place is stimulated from a policy perspective, there is very limited insight into which neighbourhood characteristics stimulate or limit the possibility to get older at home and if family networks are capable of taking up a bigger role in informal care. Although several indicators point to less potential informal caregivers in the future, a geographical perspective on informal care and the importance of distance in informal care provision are largely lacking. For tackling this a clear view on patterns of ageing can be seen as a precondition. Therefore this paper sheds more light on the relation between ageing-in-place and informal care, both from a theoretical as from a policy perspective. Furthermore it tries to set the scene in terms of geographies of ageing in Flanders on which future research can build. In this way more insight can begathered in the tensions mentioned above and in factors that can potentially contribute to age-friendly care environments, as well as more insight in neighbourhoods that are suitable for ageing-in-place. In other words, this paper tries to disentangle geographies of aging by following a multiple-scale approach making use of national population databases (2002 – 2017). It looks into patterns of ageing on different spatial scales (ranging from NUTS 2 to statistical districts). The results clearly indicate that there is not a single ‘wave’ of ageing characterising every locality in the same way. Although regional differences are relatively easy to interpret and straightforward, on a lower level patterns become more complex and less clear. A clusteranalysis re-arranges the data in an attempt to get better insight in different ageing profiles on the level of municipalities and statistical district
Industrial Landscapes Between Environmental Sustainability and Landscape Constraints: The Case Study of Euralluminia in the Sulcis Area of Sardinia (Italy)
Get PDFIn Italy, industrialization had a remarkable development in the 1950s and 1960s, and aimed with priority of ensuring economic growth and development. The location of the industrial complexes was determined by the dynamics of the production that required a territory equipped to supply specific infrastructures such as water connections, sewers, gas pipelines and the electricity grid, and above all areas where to build transport terminals capable of mitigating the costs of handling the product. This led Italy to locate industrial activities in many coastal sites, close to pre-existing urban contexts, resulting in a well-defined coastal industrial landscape especially in the areas of Southern Italy that were chosen as centers of development. Today, the determining factor for location choices is the cost of the workforce and this has made more and more frequent the processes of delocalization of the companies with worrying repercussions both for the direct and induced occupation and for the degradation of the landscape. This process, linked to the safety regulations, to the updating of the systems and to an increasingly more rigorous landscape legislation, makes critical the framework of the existing and not yet abandoned disused industrial realities. For these reasons, the main objective of this article is to evaluate the compatibility between existing industrial areas at risk of delocalization and new interpretations of the environment and the landscape to be reconstituted, in order to allow the realization of goods that maintain the levels of industrial production within a framework ofecological protection rules and recently adopted landscape constraints. In this regard, in this paper the authors use the Eurallumina industry in Sulcis in Sardinia (Italy) as a case study, in order to analyze the problem that concerns the uses in the territories with an industrial vocation and the landscape components, that deserve particular attention to safeguard not only for the economic and social context but also for the quality of the coastal environment. The case study is particularly significant because the Euralluminia industry for some years was at risk of delocalization because it needs of a conversion of some parts of the plants, blocked due to the landscape regulation imposed by the Superintendence of Cultural Heritage ofSouthern Sardinia for the expected changes in the coastal environment. Therefore, keeping in mind the theories of localization and the pushes for the delocalization of the industrial contexts, the study discusses the importance of the interconnection between economic and landscape factors paying particular attention to the coastal areas