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Selbstermächtigung und Selbstorganisation als Schlüssel für nachhaltige Lern- und Transformationsprozesse in der Region Römerland Carnuntum
Get PDFThe region Römerland Carnuntum (Lower Austria) is located between the metropolitan areas of Vienna andBratislava and benefits from dynamic demographic and economic development. However, these processes ofgrowth and rapid change are accompanied by specific challenges that are controversial and much-discussed within the region. The question comes up, how a high level of quality of life can be secured in the future and how a transformation towards sustainability can be initiated and established. Since traditional instruments of spatial planning, structural policy, and regional development increasingly show deficits in the face of such complex, multidimensional challenges, the region has set itself the goal of breaking new ground in cooperation, self-organisation, and self-empowerment, within the framework of which the actors in the region become self-organized, collaborative and long-term carriers of sustainable learning and transformation processes in the region. This article describes the structure of the project and highlights, in particular,challenges related to the committee 'Zukunftsrat Römerland Carnuntum', as a basis for self-empowerment, self-organisation and transformative learning as well as to the start-up phase of the transdisciplinary collaboration.First insights after almost one year of project runtime show, that therepresentative composition of the Zukunftsrat, and especially the random selection of citizens proved to be difficult. Nevertheless, the projekt benefits from outstanding commitment and a high willingness to participate on the part of the regional population
Bridging Policy Streams of Minerals and Land Use Planning: a Conceptualisation and Comparative Analysis of Instruments for Policy Integration in 11 European Member States
Get PDFMinerals play an important role for the European economy, hence the secure and sustainable supply of minerals is of political importance for the EU and its Member States (MS). Despite the fact that Europe has a potential for minerals development, access to minerals is, however, influenced by different stakeholder interests, often reflected in competing forms of land-use and institutional complexity of two policy streams of minerals and land use planning. Recent public sector responses in EU MS introduce new instruments such as safeguarding or protection of minerals deposits or valorisation schemes for minerals development, both aiming to bridge the two policy streams. However, there are significant challenges for governments andpublic administrations on all levels to achieve the effective integration of the two policy streams: Institutional and administrative fragmentation, unclear roles and duties, coordination deficiencies between levels of governance (departmentalism) or lack of willingness or ability to collaborate (Endl, 2017; Gugerell, 2019). Thus, our research identifies different approaches to policy integration of minerals and land use planning policy based on a qualitative analysis of 12 case studies from 11 different EU MS. Against this background, the article conceptualises and analyses policy integration with regards to: 1) instruments for horizontal and vertical integration; 2) degree of integration - full versus partial integration (e.g. for horizontal integration: considering integration ex-ante/in the design versus ex-post/during implementation); 3) which aspects of horizontal or vertical policy integration are outlined (e.g. protection of deposits or design of land use plans); and 4) the capacity and willingness for policy integration by different actors. The results indicate two central characteristics for policy integration: (i) the mix of different types of instruments for horizontal and vertical integration and (ii) capacity of the involved actors. Across the 12 case studies we identified a mix of regulatory, economic or informative instruments, national strategies/ policy guidelines across horizontal as well as vertical policy integration. However, we recognised a trend across all 11 countries: instruments that signify full integration of minerals and land use planning on both horizontal and vertical levels; the application of soft rather than coercive instruments; and a prevalence for instruments in the form of planning tools and/or maps with the objective of enhancing knowledge of potential land use, mitigate land use conflicts and/or integrating minerals into land use planning processes. Our research shows that across 11 countries policy instruments are assembled to policy mixes for integrating minerals and land use planning policy combining regulatory, economic (fiscal) tools, (national) strategies and guidelines and information-based instruments. In the specific context of instruments for minerals planning (e.g. multi-criteria assessment, safeguarding) the results indicate that in order to support the integration of land-use and mineral policy, instruments should be adapted to the land-use planning system and a good fit with the actual processes on the lower level of implementation (local and regional). Moreover, the results illustrated that willingness and capacity of actors play a crucial role for policy integration and implementation. Against this backdrop, more centralised public administration can more readily supportlower levels to manage policy challenges: they can support lower levels by providing expertise, capacity building activities and create platforms where the different policy sectors can meet. Conversely, in decentralised systems and systems where policy design and implementation are dispersed among differentlevels of government the willingness to collaborate between higher and lower levels of government is important to support later policy implementation
How to Attract the Right Economic Activities in a Certain Spatial Environment?
Get PDFDuring the past few years, our research has examined and described the spatial patterns and organisation of economic activities. In order to link these findings to policy, we introduced the concepts of demand and supply segments, and applied them on the scale of an area or a certain spatial environment. Considering the business needs of companies on a certain location, we identified 16 demand parameters of companies, that are spatially relevant on the scale of an area: the size of good flows, the alternative freight transport, the nearness to the market,... Literature, interviews and observations offer supporting evidence for the parameters. We linked them to 24 other parameters that reflect the characteristics of the area where a company is located. These include amongst others mobility, level of foot fall, the presence of green infrastructure, other companies (or mix of companies), density, parking possibilities,... The combination of this information with our typology of economic area’s (Giaretta, Pennincx, De Mulder, Zaman, 2019) resulted into 24 main segments, that show the relation between demand of companies and supply of spatial characteristics on the scale of an area. The segments are ideally grouped according to the characteristics, and in this sense they differ from typology of economic areas, that is based on the observed location preferences of companies. This way of grouping into segments generates new questions, that enable us to spatially differentiate economic environments, and to make decisions regarding the location of economic activities. We aim at getting concrete answers to three main questions: (1) Is my company located in the right place? Does this area spatially deliver what my company needs? (2) Does the area deliver the right services, that the companies in this area need? (3) If we want to transform an area, which area characteristics do we need to change in order to attract the wanted companies? We subdivide these three main questions into sub questions. The first question considers the demand side and uses the micro-economic considerations, made by a company, in order to choice a certain segment. Several questions succeed each other and deal with the demand of companies regarding the effects of agglomeration, economic and environmental spatial use, freight transport, price per square meter,... The second question can lead to the segment that is the closest to the actual situation, based on the typology of economic areas. Indeed, there is usually a gap between the actual situation and the best fitting segment. Using the typology and the segments on an actual situation uncovers information about visibility, land price value, good flows, land use plan. The third and last question deals with areas that are in a process of transformation. After finding out the desirable segment, it is possible to evaluate which companies belong to this segment, which need to adapt or to disappear. In addition, the transition in terms of services that the area delivers (which is implied when transforming from one segment to another), can be determined
Forschung, Bildung und Transfer in der Kreativwirtschaft von Klein- und Mittelstädten
Get PDFStädte befinden sich in einem stetigen Transformationsprozess und aktuell rückt die Kreativwirtschaft als Schlüsselbereich und Innovationsmotor für die Gesamtwirtschaft vermehrt auch in das Blickfeld der Stadtentwicklung. Während dieses Themenfeld in Metropolen und Großstädten schon mehrfach städtebaulich und wissenschaftlich untersucht wurde, besteht in Mittelstädten noch Forschungsbedarf. Die zugrundeliegende Forschungsarbeit „Potenzialstudie Kreativ Quartier Detmold“ hatte das Ziel Erfolgschancen, Potenziale, Herausforderungen und Anforderungen an die (Weiter-) Entwicklung der Kultur- und Kreativwirtschaft in der typischen Mittelstadt Detmold und ihrer Bedeutung in einer polyzentralen Region zu untersuchen. Hierfür wurde ein Methodenmix angewendet, der sich in Form einer Umfrage mit den Anforderungen der Akteure auseinandersetzt; den Stadtentwicklungsprozess zweier erfolgreicher Fallstudien untersucht; Detmold städtebaulich auf geeignete Orte zur Ansiedlung von Kreativen analysiert und schließlich in Szenarien vergleichend bewertet. Im Ergebnis zeigt sich, dass die Kultur- und Kreativwirtschaft der Mittelstadt Detmold ein starkes Bedürfnis hat sich zu vernetzen und insgesamt mehr wahrgenommen zu werden. Es zeigen sich starke Wertschöpfungsketten untereinander und besondere Anknüpfungspotenziale im Umfeld von Hochschulen. Die räumliche Analyse offenbart, dass auch in einer Mittelstadt wie Detmold ausreichend Potenzialräume vorhanden sind. Gleichwohl existiert nicht ausreichend Eigendynamik, dass sich diese Räume selbst und in verdichteter Form entwickeln. Das kreative Potenzial ist also auch in Mittelstädten vorhanden. Es braucht aber gerade in einer Mittelstadt einen gesteuerten Stadtentwicklungsprozess der zusammen mit Förderimpulsen gezielt Entwicklungen in diese Richtung stimuliert
Improving Urban Regulations to Raise the City’s Green Area Rates to Achieve Quality of Life Standards
Get PDFOpen and green spaces are comfort elements and the necessary essential landscapes to improve the urbantissue and promote the urban environment of the city. This increases the level of welfare and contributes to the economic and aesthetic value of the city to achieve the quality of life standards. The Urban Regulations represent the cornerstone which help in reformation of a distinguished urban environment. The urban environment is planned through two important elements: buildings (residential –services) and spaces (public –streets –green). The Urban Regulations of the city are the mail element of planning buildings and system of public spaces, which determined the green spaces of the city, whether horizontal represented in (gardens and parks, green spaces, and green spaces in roads, routes and spaces) or vertical represented in (green spaces on building roofs, and vertical spaces on building façades). Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the current Urban Regulations of construction in some Arab countries to plan a green urban as one of the regulations of the regulations of quality of life standards. This is the research objective
Do we Need Urban Shrinkage to Become Smarter Planners? The Masterplan for Novoshakhtinsk
Get PDFThe urban planning transition in Russia has been following the way from the so-called command-administrative system to a new one which should be more democratic, market-oriented, more adequate andcorresponding better to the current needs of the cities and regions. However, since the planning system is an element of the political system and is characterized by the same disadvantages such as lack of the local independency and resources, weak capacities of local authorities, absence of opportunity to implement the specific planning addressing local issues that are not into the national planning agenda. A silent but wide-spread process of urban shrinkage affects most of the Russian cities that are deprived of a possibility to develop new approaches to planning that could help them to confront this challenge and very few cases of the appropriate policy development appeared in the country. The present paper explores an example of aplanning experiment in a former mining city Novoshakhtinsk in southern Russia that is developing a master-plan aiming at addressing challenges provoked by urban shrinkage
Urban Area Development as an Expansive Learning Process: the Relevance of Monitoring and Evaluation
Get PDFDisciplinary professionals in the field of urban area development deal with the task of preparing the (urban) world that is not yet there. In times of increasing complexity and the invariably rise of contradictions, we propose that continuous learning between actors involved can make the urban area development process more resilient: less susceptible to crisis and more responsive to changing demand. In this paper, we build on our REAL CORP 2019 contribution (Peek & Stam, 2019) and further substantiate the idea of learning as afoundational principle of urban area development and examine whether Engeström’s (1987) Activity Theory and expansive learning may be a useful conceptual framework to mobilise learning. We highlight the opportunities of expansive learning through monitoring and evaluation and use primarily outcomes of the monitoring and evaluation tool we designed for Merwe-Vierhavens, a transforming port-industrial area in Rotterdam, to analyse opportunities for expansive learning in the urban area development process
Campus Development of the IDEA League Universities
Get PDFThe university campus – for centuries an important urban building block and also in our future cities of tomorrow: it is impossible to imagine life without it. But what does modern campus planning look like in a re-mixing city of tomorrow and what concepts are being followed to integrate the university campus in the 21st century and to adapt it to digitalization and networking and develop it further? What concepts can be derived from networks, such as strategic alliances like the IDEA League, an association of five leading technical universities in Europe? How do these universities help to shape our European cities, what urban development ideas do they follow and how can they serve as a motor for urban development? Based on the IDEA-League partners: Delft University of Technology (Netherlands), ETH Zurich (Switzerland), RWTH Aachen University (Germany), Chalmers University of Technology (Sweden) and the University Politecnico di Milano (Italy), these research questions will be examined and analysed in detail with the aim of developing a design guideline for campus development. Based on current plannings, such as the campus redesign in Milan by Renzo Piano, the Science City at the ETH Zurich and the RWTH Aachen extensions Campus Melaten and Campus West, first results of the analysis are presented below. Important aspects that will also form the first cornerstones of the design handbook are the “24-student campus”, “outdoor space” and the “recreational area”
The Possible Role of Brownfields Sites in a Circular Way in the Example of the “Isola Bergamasca”
Get PDFThe circular economy looks at systems as a set of components designed to never leave the game, but to reinvent itself a role when the one previously assumed runs out. In other words, we look at systems as sets in which someone's waste becomes a resource for someone else. To achieve these objectives, a strong innovative capacity is required and it is necessary to focus on the production of components with a controlled life cycle. In the circular model, matter is constantly reused, no waste products are present, resources do not decay, but are seen as capable of regenerating. In a context of circularity, the world of research and the world of business meet in a system of relationships guaranteed by territorial political institutions to build opportunities for growth and development. Territorial planning is certainly one of the activities supported by the circular economy with a view to guaranteeing the real vocation of a territory, safeguarding its natural areas and privileging the choice of areas those already compromised or, in any case, affected by pre-existing interventions. The concept of circular economy applied to land management appears to be of great use in putting into practice the legislative dictates aimed at containing soil consumption and promoting urban regeneration. In the definition of uses of the areas, in order to control their evolutionary process, it is necessary to take into account the numerous databases available by crossing specific data, making use of the potential offered by IT tools. The discussion on the need to restart the world of construction is very topical, but at the same time it is essential to work for interventions to protect the environment and guarantee better quality of life. In terms of circular economy, it is spontaneous to think interventions in areas that have already beencompromised, as suggested by the Law 31/2014 of the Lombardy Region. It is then necessary to verify that the areas chosen are actually suitable to accommodate the proposed transformations. We have all the information to act correctly; the municipal planning, in its plan documents, has collected them diligently, it is a matter of actually taking into account the information and where it is necessary to intervene on areas that require consumption of new soil or burdened by constraints of different nature, it is necessary to forsee pilot interventions capable of presenting themselves as a manifesto of good practices. The research work has set itself the objective of identifying the areas of transformation and the brownfield sites within a territorial area choosed as case study, which in the specific case was identified in the so-called Bergamo Island to guide the development of the territory towards an integrated model with characteristics of circularity. L'Isola Bergamasca is made up of a territory that brings together 21 municipalities in the Province of Bergamo. Altogether it has about 120,000 inhabitants. The area is called "Island" because it is enclosed by two rivers, precisely to the east the Brembo river and to the west the Adda river, while to the north it is delimited by Mount Canto. The Adda also marks the border between the provinces of Bergamo and Milan and the provinces of Monza-Brianza and Lecco
Climate Urgency and Cities: Action and Reaction, Evidence and Reluctance
Get PDFThe first section of the paper gives a brief critical overview of the situation of climate change strategies at the global level, from Kyoto to Paris, Madrid and Glasgow. It also discusses the measures taken by the European Union, and their level of implementation at selected member state and city levels. The impact of pressures groups such as extinction rebellion and the green movement are also examined, together with awareness raising actions such as films and documentaries demonstrating the tangible effects of man-made climatechange. The second section focuses on activists and environmentalists, their proposed solutions and selected proposed interventions in places which have been adversely affected by man-made climate change impacts, such as flooding or drought. It also briefly discusses the state of scientific knowledge and how it is dealt with by politicians, activists and climate change deniers. The third section looks at the political evolution of climate change intervention at city level. It focuses on Madrid and London in the context of EU actions and respective national targets and examines the direction of travel of the two cities. It briefly synthesises the policies of lowering carbon emissions and proposed actions taken in 2008 in Madrid and London what actions have been taken between these dates and now and what effects they had on reducing carbon emissions, fuel consumption and air pollution. The paper finally compares these approaches with the current strategies for mitigating and adjusting to climate change in the latest city plans and offers critical comments