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Analysis of Digital Technological Applications in Public Transportation Systems Ticketing and Communications: Reviews of Singapore, Sydney, Cape Town and Lagos Experiences
Full text linkThe world’s urban population has seen an unprecedented growth in the last few years and will continue to
soar rapidly in the coming years. Public transportation systems need to be equipped to handle this influx of
people into cities. Digital technology applications have been adopted in public transportation systems by
many cities around the world to help optimise trips. However, the various digital technology applications and
experiences in developed and developing cities remain understudied.. The study uses qualitative data in the
form of content analysis and case study analysis through the investigation of four cities, Singapore, Sydney,
Cape Town and Lagos, and their implementations of digital technologies – ticketing and communication in
public transportation systems. Through the analysis of two developing cities in Africa and two developed
cities in Asia and Australia, the lessons of cities’ peculiar experiences provide valuable insight around
contactless payments such as mobile ticketing and smart cards and smart applications in the form of mobile
applications which provide trip details. Finally, the study draws on each case by highlighting the uniqueness
of lessons learnt when implementing digital technologies to improve public transportation systems. Future
research into user experiences of digital technology applications in public transportation is necessary in
providing deeper understanding of their effectiveness
Climate Resilient Sponge Cities – Concepts and Tools to Integrate Green-Blue and Grey Systems
Full text linkClimate hazards from increased frequency and severity of extreme weather events require urgent urban
adaptation action to increase resilience against flooding, landslides and extreme urban heat, as some of the
highest risks. Nature-based solutions (NbS) in the form of functional urban green can effectively reduce
disaster risks (IUCN, 2020; L. Arjan et. al., 2021). Ideally such green-blue infrastructure would form
networks and be systemically integrated with gray infrastructure like drainage pipes to optimize resilience
against flood risk. This paper looks at the Sponge City program in the People’s Republic of China (PRC),
which incorporates a range of water-related nature-based solutions to manage natural water cycles in cities
and reduce urban runoff and flood risk, locally capturing, retaining infiltrating, and harnessing rain- and
stormwater reused as water resources, increase local natural infiltration and threrby also cleaning stormwater.
Technical guidelines were issued and 30 pilot cities were supported in 2015 and 2016, followed by 60
demonstration cities in 2021 and 2022 (Ministry of Housing and Urban–Rural Development, 2014). The key
indicator set by the government has been to capture 70% of annual rainwater in the pilot areas. A recent
study suggests that this has been achieved in the three cases used (J. Wu, 2022).
While this concept is not new, it is now being applied by an increasing number of cities around the world
using this name (for eaxample: Hamburger Stadtentwaessering, 2015). Sponge cities in the PRC and
elsewhere should be mainstreamed and better integrate with gray infrastructure to be most effective and
efficient resilience systems to reduce flooding and extreme heat while also delivering a whole range of other
ecosystem services as co-benefits, including contributions to climate change mitigation (for example: G.
Browder et al. 2019). Not least public health, recreational benefits and land value increase can be captured.
Planning and implementing green-blue systems as retrofitting of existing urban areas is challenging and
requires strong stakeholder and community participation. Mainstreaming NbS and sponge cities as part of
risk-informed and integrated urban and regional planning of new urban areas in urbanizing Asia and Pacific
and Africa is essential considering the reality of rapid temperature increase and increased climate variability.
The Asian Development Bank (ADB) is committed to be the climate bank for the Asia and Pacific region.
ADB supports, among others, green city development, climate risk assessment, resilience investments
inclusive of NbS and sponge cities, and contributed with advancing methods and pilot projects (ADB, 2016a,
2016b and 2019).
This paper offers an overview of sponge city in the PRC, technical and policy dimenions and initial
observations on strengths and weaknesss of implementing the 30 plus 60 pilot and demonstration cities. A
key conclusion is: it is essential for cities to establish effective green-blue NbS resilience systems. Effective
gray engineeering infrastructure systems in cities are very much also needed. Systemically integrating both,
green-blue and gray systems is essential to delivers best results. With the required urgent comprehensive
transformation, all needs to be planned well across sectors, to ensure that investments in NbS contribute
simultaneously to both, mitigation and adaptation. And it is critical that planning integrates with other
objectives inclusive of compact city, healthy and age-friendly city, among others (N. Habib et.al., 2020)
Because physical structures, industries, standards, governance, regulatory and educational institutions, and
mindsets can’t change overnight, a holistic strategy and the collective will to fast forward implementation is
most needed. Some of the below findings were described in a prior publication by the author (S. Rau, 2022)
and updated with results from new literature and projects, especially on effectiveness evaluation and new
methods applied
Cruising in KL: Lokalisierung und Quantifizierung von Parksuchverkehr mittels Floating Car Data
Full text linkCruising oder auch Parksuchverkehr bezeichnet den Verkehr, der entsteht, wenn Autofahrende einen
verfügbaren Parkplatz im öffentlichen oder bewirtschafteten Straßenraum suchen, der ihren Erwartungen
entspricht und dabei nicht (vollständig) über die Orte freier Parkstände informiert sind. Hierbei können
Gebühren oder die Nähe zum Zielort eine Rolle spielen (vgl. Hagen et al.). Es bezieht sich demnach auf jene
Abschnitte der Strecke, die durch ein Kraftfahrzeug zurückgelegt werden und über die unmittelbare
Wegverbindung hinausgehen. Dieser Verkehr bedingt, abhängig von der Antriebsart, Emissionen von
Schadstoffen und Lärm sowie unabhängig von der Antriebsart, eine zusätzliche Beanspruchung des
Straßennetzes. Es gibt Schätzungen, dass Cruising in bereits untersuchten amerikanischen Städten bei 5-6%
aller Fahrten vorkommt und weniger als 1% des Verkehrsaufkommens ausmacht (vgl. Weinberger et al.).
Andere Quellen gehen jedoch häufig pauschal von bis zu 30% des Gesamtverkehrs aus (vgl. Barter).
In Kaiserslautern sollen diese Werte unter Nutzung von Floating Car Data(FCD) validiert konkretisiert
werden: in welchen kleinräumigen Gebieten tritt anteilig wie viel Parksuchverkehr auf? Wo suchen
Autofahrende vermehrt nach freien Parkständen und wo legen sie dafür die größten zusätzlichen Strecken
zurück?
Die für diese Untersuchung verfügbaren Floating Car Daten wurden im Herbst 2022 durch Smartphone-Apps
erhoben, die sich mit dem Kraftfahrzeug verbinden und in kurzen zeitlichen Intervallen von maximal 15
Sekunden folgende Merkmale erfassen: Position, Zeitpunkt, Fahrtrichtung und Geschwindigkeit. Ihre
Durchdringung des gesamten Verkehrs beträgt gemäß den Angaben des Datenbereitstellers etwa 5-10%.
Mittels eines Algorithmus werdenFahrten, die mit Cruising enden, identifiziert und anschließend
quantifiziert unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Unsicherheiten, die bei der Erfassung und Verarbeitung
der Daten entstehen, wie bspw. unbeabsichtigt erfasste Fußwege.
Diese Arbeit widmet sichzunächst der Bewertung der Qualität der verfügbaren Daten und ihrer Eignung für
Analysen des Parksuchverkehrs. Es werden Möglichkeiten aufgezeigt, auf Unsicherheiten hingewiesen und
wesentliche Hinweise für die Vorgehensweise bei der (Vor-)verarbeitung gegeben.
Die Ergebnisse dieser und zukünftig aufbauender Auswertungen können Personen, die für
Parkraumbewirtschaftung und Verkehrssteuerung verantwortliche sind, dabei unterstützen nachhaltige und
fundierte Entscheidungen zu treffen. Darüber hinaus kann die Menge an Parksuchverkehr ein Indikator für
die Lebensqualität in kleinräumigen Gebieten sein, da sie unmittelbar die Lärmbelastung, Luft- und
Aufenthaltsqualität beeinflusst (vgl. Agora)
Digital Space of a Human: From Philosophy to Computer Science
Full text linkThis paper continues the discussion of ideas published in our previous articles for CORP conference related
to a concept of a man in a modern world. The greatest attention is paid to the concept of human digital space.
This concept, in our opinion, is the key to understanding the role and the place of modern man in the digital
era, which has created a number of serious challenges to a man himself and, with certain development, can
threaten his basic foundations of existence as a human being.
The paper also draws attention to such a problem as interaction of people with each other and interaction of
people with machines
Exploring Community Resilience Strategies in the Face of Escalating Heat Waves: a Comprehensive Study of Giyani, South Africa
Full text linkThe escalating frequency and severity of heat waves due to climate change pose a significant threat globally. Giyani, a rural township in South Africa, is no exception to this concerning trend, as revealed by the data collected from Meteoblue which indicates a rise in mean temperature from 22.0 °C in 2021 to 22.5 °C in 2022. Previous studies have documented the manifestation and multifaceted effects of escalating heat waves on local communities worldwide. However, what remains to be known clearly are the strategies of communities in dealing with the escalating heat waves. Consequently, this paper discusses the Giyani community’s resilience mechanisms in the face of escalating heat waves in the past few decades. Employing a descriptive research design and a mixed-method approach, this study utilizes random sampling to draw 15 participants, reaching the point of saturation for data collection. The questioners conducted to collect the primary data with residents structured were both open and closed ended. Content analysis is then applied to analyze the data. The findings indicate that the mean temperature at Giyani further increased from 22.8 °C in 2022 to 23.0 °C in 2023. The health of community members, especially street vendors and individuals above 50 years old, is increasingly at risk. Moreover, the heat wave exacerbates water shortages, impacting both residents and the agricultural sector. Several mechanisms to deal with the escalating heat waves include healthcare support, urban planning and green spaces, climate- resilient agriculture and water management. Such strategies that enhance community resilience need to be facilitated and promoted to enhance sustainable practices in the face of the changing climate conditions in Giyani. Adverse effects of heat waves need to be mitigated, ultimately, this study contributes to the broader discourse on climate adaptation and community well-being in regions experiencing the intensification of heat waves
GreenTwin: Developing a Digital Twin for Sustainable Cooperative Mobility and Logistics in Rural Areas
Full text linkPublic transportation is often poorly developed, especially in rural areas, which leads to an increased dependence on personal vehicles. Moreover, since transportation is one of the main drivers of climate change, our research project aims to explore cost-effective methods for sustainable last-mile logistics in rural areas and support decision-makers utilizing a dashboard. For this purpose, an open marketplace platform is planned that intelligently networks suppliers and service providers in a region and bundles orders and deliveries. The aim is also to motivate customers and users to behave in a more environmentally friendly way by suggesting appropriate offers through the way they are presented on the marketplace. This is achieved by integrating Digital Twin (DT) technologies, cognitive agent-based social simulation, transport management systems and recommendation systems. To ensure the project aligns with public needs and acceptance of proposed approaches, we conduct census-representative surveys alongside the development and experimentation phases. In this paper, the overall structure of the research project and the submodels underpinning our solution are introduced. It also includes a visual mockup of a rural region’s DT and introduces several use cases
Partizipation und Planung der aktiven Mobilität: Der Einsatz von Cape Revisos Methodenkoffer am Beispiel Herrenbergs
Full text linkDieser Artikel stellt einen Auszug aus der Cape-Reviso-Toolbox vor, mit der das Ziel verfolgt wird, die spezifisc Wahrnehmung von Radfahrenden mithilfe digitaler Methoden besser erkennen und verstehen zu können. Die hier vorgestellten Module Nutzendenbefragung, Abstandsmessung, Emotionserkennung und KI-Kamerasystem wurden in Cape Reviso im Rahmen einessynchronen Testlaufs mit 16 Probandinnen und Probanden und fast 300 Datensätzen in der Stadt Herrenberg durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse liefern hinsichtlich der Übertragbarkeit auf andere Projekte vielversprechende Ansätze hinsichtlich einer Skalierung des Erhebungsansatzes mit längerer Laufzeit, der eigenständigen Durchführung der Messungen durch die Testpersonen selbst, sowie die stärkere Integration in kommunale Planungsprozesse. Die Erkenntnisse des Projekts wurden mit Bürgerinnen, Bürgern, Entscheidungsträgerinnen und Entscheidungsträgern diskutiert und erweitern mit der Bereitstellung von quantifizierbaren Messdaten das lokale Wissen über Schwachstellen im kommunalen Radverkehrsnetz
SMEXI – a Data-Based Approach for the Small-Scale Investigation of Sustainability Goals in Cities
Full text linkTo address the wide range of global challenges and a more sustainable society, the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were developed. They are a set of 17 global, interconnected goals and provide a comprehensive framework for governments, organizations, and communities to work towards common objectives. When aiming at a data-bsed approach to promote a sustainable development, it is necessary to identify for each SDG associated indicators and data sets that provide insights into the status quo or past developments. Existing approaches that aim to provide such data-based information for cities are often limited regarding the spatial resolution of the cities under consideration: they only allow the exploration and analysis of SDGs on a macro level, usually the complete city. However, cities are not homogeneous – different quarters vary a lot with regard to their population, usage, building structure, etc. Even inside of quarters, social disparities can typically be determined. Thus, to accurately identify existing problems, and to improve living conditions accordingly, an analysis at macro level is not enough. The SMEXI (Small Scale Exploration of SDG Indicators) tool presented in this work tries to overcome this limit and enables users to track the progress of SDGs in cities at a fine-grained level
The Use of Situated Visualized Data to Nudge Visitor’s Paths: a Case Study at the Detmold Design Week 2023
Full text linkIn light of the rising importance of data transparency and open data guidelines (e.g. OGP Local ), Open Data Portals became standard in Smart City strategies (Van Oosterhout et al. 2020). While it is clear that these tools can serve as a valuable way for internal administration processes, at the same time it is critical that data is not only openly available following standard formats limited to computer-readability but above all also largely understandable for average citizens. For this reason, it is researched how open data can not only be made available but also visualized in an accessible way to all citizens. Moreover, the aim is to simultaneously boost private behavior changes which are inevitable to achieve locally-set goals in sustainability (Barr et al. 2011, TWI 2050 2018). To do so, we draw on the principle of nudging. Following the tradition of behavioral economics, nudging is defined as a positive intervention that induces a voluntary change in behavior without resulting in external (negative) consequences (Thaler & Sunstein 2008) and thus contrasting interventions like commands or bans because freedom of choice is maintained (Mongin & Cozic 2020, Ranchordás 2020).
This paper discusses an installation that explored the potential of combining nudging and situated visualization to improve data transparency and support individual decision-making in urban public spaces. During the Detmold Design Week 2023, an event showcasing creative works in various locations, the visitor numbers at nine locations were captured using computer vision. Visitors then received on-site suggestions in real-time for the next place to visit based on the occupancy. A survey was conducted to evaluate visitors’ willingness to follow these data-informed suggestions. Findings highlight the importance of balancing between simplicity, relevance and privacy in data visualization. The results of the field test provide the foundation for the installation of interactive interfaces in Detmold's public spaces in the next years, in particular for communicating smart city topics focusing on mobility and urban climate protection
Nature-based Solutions als Aspekt bei der Entwicklung innerstädtischer, hochfrequentierter Parkanlagen am Beispiel Rennbahnpark Frankfurt und Neckarvorland Mannheim
Full text linkFreiflächen im Sinne von nicht bebauten Flächen im urbanen Raum bieten das Potenzial, wertvolle Beiträge zur Erhöhung der Klimaresilienz von Städten und deren ökologischer Funktionsfähigkeit zu leisten. Gleichzeitig übernehmen diese Räume wichtige funktionale Aufgaben, bieten Begegnungs- und Bewegungsangebote für ein breites Spektrum der Stadtgesellschaft und prägen letztendlich auch das Bild von Städten. Zielkonflikte sind bei dieser Vielzahl an Anforderungen die Regel. Anhand von zwei Fallbeispielen (Rennbahnpark Frankfurt, Neckarvorland Mannheim) soll aufgezeigt werden, wie unter Berücksichtigung naturbasierter Planungsansätze diese Zielkonflikte reduziert und hochfrequentierte innerstädtische Parkanlagen entwickelt werden können