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The forgotten language of nontheistic mysticism
No full textIn You Shall Be as Gods, Erich Fromm (1900–1980) defines his position as nontheistic mysticism. This research clarifies the term, considers its importance within Fromm’s humanism, and explores its potential origins. The nontheistic mystical position plays a central role in Fromm’s understanding of the relationship between mysticism and organized religion, religion and religiosity, and it clarifies the relationship between religion, philosophy, and social psychoanalysis, whose combination constitutes his humanistic ethics. Nontheistic mysticism relates, as well, to Fromm’s understanding of human nature; it involves the question of the relationship between language, perception, and experience. The nontheistic mystical position is linked to Fromm’s negative theology, the x experience, and idolatry. Hence, the nontheistic mystical position is relevant to Fromm’s understanding of self-realization and his vision of a sane society. Unlike some scholarly opinion, the conclusions of this paper suggest that Fromm’s humanism is not radical, as long as radical is defined as an absolute atheistic secular feature that eliminates the range of religious language and experience. Rather, it is a broad and cautious humanism that, on the one hand, internalizes the transcendent divinity into the human subject and transforms it into anthropological–ethical phenomena, but, on the other, implies that atheism carries the risk of an idolatrous identification of the human being with God. Consequently, this humanism requires a religious–mystical component to adequately portray the spiritual and ethical potentials of humanity and its challenges. Nontheistic mysticism is a consciousness mechanism aimed at the fine-tuning of the individual’s moral compass, which is affected by the pathologies of normalcy that prevail in all societies
Jewish Mercenaries in Habsburg Service
No full textThis article aims to demonstrate the exceptional potential of Habsburg military records for the study of Jewish history during Europe’s Age of Revolution. We begin with the random discovery of six Jewish veterans of Freikorps Grün Loudon – a unit of mercenary freebooters – which fought for the Habsburgs during the first war against the French Republic (1792 – 97). A careful re-reading of the available archival evidence reveals that these men were the survivors of a much larger group numbering at least two dozen Jewish soldiers. While Jewish conscripts had been drafted into the Habsburg army since 1788, the fact that Jews could also serve – even volunteer – as professional soldiers in that period is completely new to us. When considered together, the personal circumstances and service experiences of the Jewish soldiers of Freikorps Grün Loudon enable us to make several observations about their motivation as well as their position vis-à-vis their non-Jewish comrades
“Austrian,” “Jewish,” “Salonican”
No full textEven though Salonican Jews are not typically associated with the Habsburg Empire, some of them, nonetheless, lived there. This paper aims to examine the formation of these Salonican Jews’ (self-)identification by studying their social interactions with the local Viennese population such as the Viennese Sephardi or the Greek-Orthodox communities. The change of the milieu within which they found themselves subsequently impacted their self-perception. Thus, the issue of the surrounding environment and their relations with other groups became central to their self-understanding, as will be demonstrated. By examining different aspects, like migration patterns, financial decisions and family ties, one can understand how their intersection influenced Salonica Jews’ self-identification, which, at the same time, shaped and was shaped by the surrounding milieu. Within this framework, these people perceived themselves and were perceived as Salonican, Sephardi, Jewish, and as subjects of the Emperor
Agnieszka Wierzcholska, Nur Erinnerungen und Steine sind geblieben. Leben und Sterben einer polnisch-jüdischen Stadt: Tarnów 1918 – 1945 (Paderborn: Brill-Schöningh Verlag, 2022), 665 pp.
No full textElisheva Baumgarten, Biblical Women and Jewish Daily Life in the Middle Ages (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2022), 288 pp.
No full textUnderstanding the impact of design thinking on organizations and individuals
No full textOrganizations are investing billions on innovation and agility initiatives to stay competitive in their increasingly uncertain business environments. Design Thinking, an innovation approach based on human-centered exploration, ideation and experimentation, has gained increasing popularity. The market for Design Thinking, including software products and general services, is projected to reach 2.500 million $ (US-Dollar) by 2028. A dispersed set of positive outcomes have been attributed to Design Thinking. However, there is no clear understanding of what exactly comprises the impact of Design Thinking and how it is created. To support a billion-dollar market, it is essential to understand the value Design Thinking is bringing to organizations not only to justify large investments, but to continuously improve the approach and its application.
Following a qualitative research approach combined with results from a systematic literature review, the results presented in this dissertation offer a structured understanding of Design Thinking impact. The results are structured along two main perspectives of impact: the individual and the organizational perspective. First, insights from qualitative data analysis demonstrate that measuring and assessing the impact of Design Thinking is currently one central challenge for Design Thinking practitioners in organizations. Second, the interview data revealed several effects Design Thinking has on individuals, demonstrating how Design Thinking can impact boundary management behaviors and enable employees to craft their jobs more actively.
Contributing to innovation management research, the work presented in this dissertation systematically explains the Design Thinking impact, allowing other researchers to both locate and integrate their work better. The results of this research advance the theoretical rigor of Design Thinking impact research, offering multiple theoretical underpinnings explaining the variety of Design Thinking impact. Furthermore, this dissertation contains three specific propositions on how Design Thinking creates an impact: Design Thinking creates an impact through integration, enablement, and engagement. Integration refers to how Design Thinking enables organizations through effectively combining things, such as for example fostering balance between exploitation and exploration activities. Through Engagement, Design Thinking impacts organizations involving users and other relevant stakeholders in their work. Moreover, Design Thinking creates impact through Enablement, making it possible for individuals to enact a specific behavior or experience certain states.
By synthesizing multiple theoretical streams into these three overarching themes, the results of this research can help bridge disciplinary boundaries, for example between business, psychology and design, and enhance future collaborative research. Practitioners benefit from the results as multiple desirable outcomes are detailed in this thesis, such as successful individual job crafting behaviors, which can be expected from practicing Design Thinking. This allows practitioners to enact more evidence-based decision-making concerning Design Thinking implementation. Overall, considering multiple levels of impact as well as a broad range of theoretical underpinnings are paramount to understanding and fostering Design Thinking impact.Unternehmen geben Milliarden für Innovations- und Agilitätsinitiativen aus. Sie wenden zunehmend agile und innovative Ansätze an, um komplexe Probleme zu erkunden und zu lösen. So stellen sie ihre Wettbewerbsfähigkeit sicher, da das heutige Geschäftsumfeld immer unsicherer und mehrdeutiger wird. Design Thinking ist ein immer beliebter werdender Innovationsansatz, der auf menschenzentrierter Erkundung, Ideenfindung und Experimenten basiert. Marktforschungen schätzen, dass der Design Thinking-Markt, einschließlich Softwareprodukten und allgemeinen Dienstleistungen, bis 2028 ein Volumen von 2,5 Milliarden US-Dollar erreichen wird. Zwar wurden Design Thinking vereinzelt positive Ergebnisse zugeschrieben (z. B. bessere Identifizierung von Kundenbedürfnissen, höhere Innovationsfähigkeiten, bessere Innovationsergebnisse), doch gibt es kein klares Verständnis darüber, was genau die Wirkung und den Mehrwert von Design Thinking ausmacht und wie diese Wirkung entsteht. Um einen Milliardenmarkt zu erhalten und zu rechtfertigen, ist es wichtig zu verstehen, welchen Wert Design Thinking für Unternehmen bringt. Dabei kommt es nicht nur darauf an, hohe Investitionen zu rechtfertigen, sondern auch darauf, den Ansatz und seine Einsatzgebiete kontinuierlich zu verbessern.
Basierend auf qualitativen Interviewdaten und einer systematischen Literaturrecherche bietet diese Dissertation ein strukturiertes Verständnis der Wirkung von Design Thinking an. Die Ergebnisse sind entlang zweier Hauptwirkungsperspektiven gegliedert, der individuellen und der organisationalen Perspektive. Erstens zeigen Erkenntnisse aus der qualitativen Datenanalyse, dass die Messung und Bewertung der Auswirkungen von Design Thinking derzeit eine zentrale Herausforderung für Design Thinking-Praktiker in Organisationen darstellt. Zweitens zeigten die Interviewdaten mehrere Auswirkungen, die Design Thinking auf Einzelpersonen hat. Im Detail zeig die Arbeit, wie Design Thinking es MitarbeiterInnen ermöglich, ihre Grenzen zu managenen (= „Boundary Management“ zu betreiben), oder, auch, wie sie durch sogennantes „Job Crafting“ ihre Arbeit aktiv gestalten können.
Als Beitrag zur Innovationsmanagementforschung erläutert diese Dissertation systematisch die Auswirkungen von Design Thinking und ermöglicht es anderen Forschern, ihre Arbeit besser zu lokalisieren und zu integrieren. Die Ergebnisse dieser Forschung erweitern die theoretische Integration der Design Thinking-Forschung und bieten mehrere theoretische Grundlagen, die die Vielfalt der Design Thinking-Wirkung erklären. Darüber hinaus schlägt diese Dissertation drei konkrete Thesen vor, wie Design Thinking Wirkung erzeugt: Design Thinking erzeugt Wirkung durch Integration, Enablement und Engagement. Integration bezieht sich darauf, wie Design Thinking Organisationen durch die effektive Kombination von Dingen unterstützt, beispielsweise durch die Förderung eines Gleichgewichts zwischen Exploration und Exploitation im Sinne der Ambidextrie. Durch Engagement wirkt sich Design Thinking auf Organisationen aus, die Benutzer und andere relevante Stakeholder in ihre Arbeit einbeziehen. Und Design Thinking erzeugt durch Enablement Wirkung und ermöglicht es Einzelpersonen, ein bestimmtes Verhalten auszuführen oder bestimmte Zustände zu erleben.
Durch die Zusammenfassung mehrerer theoretischer Strömungen zu diesen drei übergreifenden Themen können die Ergebnisse dieser Forschung dazu beitragen, disziplinäre Grenzen, beispielsweise zwischen Wirtschaft, Psychologie und Design, zu überbrücken und zukünftige gemeinsame Forschung zu verbessern.
Praktiker profitieren von den Ergebnissen, da diese Arbeit Ergebnisse detailliert beschreibt, die von zukünftigen Design Thinking-Aktivitäten erwartet werden können, sodass Praktiker eine evidenzbasiertere Entscheidung hinsichtlich der Design Thinking-Implementierung treffen können.
Insgesamt ist die Berücksichtigung mehrerer Wirkungsebenen sowie einer breiten Palette theoretischer Grundlagen von größter Bedeutung, um die Wirkung von Design Thinking zu verstehen und zu fördern
Reputation auf Online-Plattformen
No full textWie ist der „gute Ruf“ von Unternehmen und Einzelpersonen im Umfeld von Online-Bewertungsplattformen geschützt? Das Werk erforscht, ob und inwieweit das geltende Recht einen adäquaten und lückenlosen Schutz für die unternehmerische und personelle Reputation gewährleitstet. Die Systematisierung und Untersuchung des bestehenden Regelungsgefüges konzentriert sich auf das Lauterkeitsrecht und das allgemeine Deliktsrecht unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der rechtlichen Innovationen auf nationaler (UWG-Reform 2022) und europäischer (New Deal for Consumers, Digital Services Act) Ebene.
Die Dissertation wurde für den ›Justizpreis Berlin-Brandenburg – Carl Gottlieb Svarez 2024‹ vorgeschlagen
Behind videoconferencing fatigue at work
No full textA remarkable peculiarity of videoconferencing (VC) applications – the self-view – a.k.a. digital mirror, is examined as a potential reason behind the voiced exhaustion among users. This work draws on technostress research and objective self-awareness theory and proposes the communication role (sender vs. receiver) as an interaction variable. We report the results of two studies among European employees (n1 = 176, n2 = 253) with a one-year time lag. A higher frequency of self-view in a VC when receiving a message, i.e., listening to others, indirectly increases negative affect (study 1 & 2) and exhaustion (study 2) via the increased state of public self-awareness. Self-viewing in the role of message sender, e.g., as an online presenter, also increases public self-awareness, but its overall effects are less harmful. As for individual differences, users predisposed to public self-consciousness were more concerned with how other VC participants perceived them. Gender effects were insignificant
Externe Meldestellen im System des Hinweisgeberschutzgesetzes
No full textDas neue Hinweisgeberschutzgesetz verlangt neben der Einrichtung unternehmens- bzw. behördeneigener interner Meldestellen auch den Aufbau externer Meldestellen. Diese wurden zur Vermeidung zusätzlicher Bürokratie bei bestehenden Bundesbehörden angesiedelt. System und Wirkungsweise der externen Meldestellen sollen nachfolgend erörtert werden. Zugleich bieten die Ausführungen Anlass, gesetzgeberische Verbesserungen zu erwägen