Publikationer från Stockholms universitet
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The Effects of Replacing Incarceration with Electronic Monitoring on Crime, Mortality, and Labor Market Exclusion
No full textObjective: In recent decades, electronic monitoring (EM) has increasingly come to be used as an alternative to incarceration. However, EM’s long-term effects on offenders remain unclear, especially with regard to non-recidivism-related outcomes and reincarceration risks. This study focuses on the long-term impact of EM on recidivism, mortality, and labor market exclusion. Method: The study utilizes administrative data, and focuses on a Swedish EM reform as a natural experiment with a difference-in-difference approach. The reform enabled offenders sentenced to up to six months’ imprisonment to serve their sentences under EM instead of in prison. Results: The findings show that introducing the possibility to transform a prison stay to EM at home reduced 10-year reconviction and reincarceration rates. They also show that the reform had long-lasting decreasing effect on the likelihood of not being in education, employment, or training (NEET). The reform had, however, no effect on all-cause mortality or death by suicide. Heterogeneity analyses show that the effects are primarily driven by individuals who had a more stable labor market attachment prior to being sentenced to prison, which suggests that EM helps offenders sustain regular employment and that it decreases the criminogenic impact of labor market detachment. Conclusion: In addition to reducing the costs associated with recidivism and labor market exclusion, the reduced incarceration costs associated with transforming prison sentences to EM indicate that EM has the potential to produce net savings from a societal perspective
Ideology and the Expression of Brands: Fashion Brands and Attitudes in the Domain of Enterprise Development and Consumer Strategies : Fashion Brandsand Attitudes in the Domain of Enterprise Developmentand Consumer Strategies
No full textIdeology plays a vital role in politics, but not only so. Also in consumer life, ideologicallybased attitudes and stances are immanent. Building on four differentbusiness models within the fashion industry, a model with two axes is presented.The two axes are conceptual recursion and consumption as social ideology.Fashion easily contains a progressive attitude; the social environment creates amilieu where consumers and businesses operate, and in this ambiance of ideasthey will be able to (inside-out or outside-in) foot themselves in ideology. Hence,fashion can be said to uphold ideological attitudes, whether explicit or not. Themodel captures these ideological mindsets. It makes clear how the business modelsin themselves are ridden by ideology and the expression of brands, as well asbringing an overall understanding of the role ideology plays in entrepreneurshipand enterprise development in the fashion industry
Från folkhem till fruktan : Sverigedemokraternas trygghetsbegrepp 1988–2005
No full textThis thesis examines the conceptual history of safety (trygghet) in the rhetoric of the Sweden Democrats (Sverigedemokraterna) during the period 1988–2005, towards the end of which period the term was adopted as part of the party’s slogan. By employing Reinhart Koselleck and Quentin Skinner’s theories on conceptual history and the dynamics of concepts as sites of political and social conflict, the study investigates how the concept was articulated and redefined within the context of the party's evolution from its roots in nazi ideology to a more mainstream right-wing populist movement.The analysis is based on all issues of the party bulletin SD-Kuriren from the period, using a method of related terms and counter-concepts to trace diachronic changes. This study finds that the meaning of the concept of safety in Sweden Democrat rhetoric can be broken down into seven themes of ethnonational homogeneity, law and order, welfare, family, tradition, women’s security, and anti-establishmentarianism. A diachronic shift is observed whereby the concept is deployed less in relation to concrete policy and more as a signifier of a position in an abstract ideological struggle. The results shed light on how conceptual history can reveal shifts as well as continuities in ideological strategies and reveals the broader cultural tensions, as seen through the eyes of a political party within Swedish society during this transformative period
Swedish start-up is shaken : Sensemaking, identityand learning in a crisis
No full textThis master's thesis explores how employees learn before, during and after a crisis in a startup company. More specifically, the thesis explores how they made sense and formed identitiesduring the different phases of the crisis. In the analysis three concepts are used forunderstanding narratives from the employees; learning, sense-making and identity. Before the crisis, the sensemaking revolved around being part of a success story, fosteringstrong communal bonds and a shared identity of success. However, during the crisis, conflictsin the management, and poor communication from the CEO led to disruptions in employees'sense of identity. Three distinct identity types emerged: long-serving employees forming aresistance group against the CEO, new hires feeling confused and deceived, and senioremployees maintaining a more detached perspective. These groups exhibited varied emotionalreactions and, interpersonal dynamics during the crisis, reshaping the organizational learningfocus towards coping with the crisis rather than enhancing performance. Post-crisis, the focus shifted towards individuality, with employees distancing themselves andemphasizing personal preferences in choosing future workplaces. The study reflects on thelessons learned from the crisis, personal development and expanded perspectives among theemployees.
Polytopic membrane protein biogenesis from the perspective of a specialized membrane-localized chaperone
No full textIn eukaryotic cells the early steps of polytopic membrane protein biogenesis take place at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Complex polytopic membrane proteins with multiple membrane-spanning segments (MS) co-translationally insert into the ER membrane and fold into native states prior to being recognized as cargo for incorporation, or packaging, into COPII-coated ER-derived secretory vesicles. Successful progression through these early steps is a requisite for the ultimate delivery and functional expression of membrane proteins at appropriate cellular membranes. The list of biogenesis factors that contribute to membrane protein biogenesis is expanding, and due to their diversity, it is imperative to investigate their individual functions. Highly specialized membrane-localized chaperones (MLC) have been identified that are required for the functional expression of discrete sets of related membrane protein substrates. This thesis focuses on Shr3 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Shr3 was the first MLC defined and was identified based on it being required for the biogenesis of all eighteen members of the Amino Acid Permease (AAP) protein family, each comprised of 12 membrane-spanning (MS) segments. Despite numerous independent findings corroborating the co-translational nature of the Shr3-AAP interactions during AAP translation, ER membrane insertion and folding, direct formal proof has been elusive. Specifically, a detailed mechanistic understanding of how Shr3 facilitates AAP folding has been lacking, and the underlying mechanisms governing its strict ER membrane localization have not been rigorously investigated. The studies documented in this thesis were aimed to obtain a deeper mechanistic understanding of how Shr3 facilitates AAP folding (Paper I) and its strict ER localization (Paper II) and to directly probe the co-translational interaction of Shr3 with its AAP folding substrates (Paper III). Specifically, in Paper I, the chaperone folding function and temporal requirement of Shr3 was investigated. Strikingly, the experiments revealed that relatively few amino acids within the 4 MS segments of Shr3 contribute to substrate specific interactions, however, mutations within the 2 luminal loops of Shr3 did manifest substrate specific effects. Further, a split-ubiquitin approach was used to probe interactions between Shr3 and MS segments of AAP. The data indicate that Shr3 interacts early with the first few MS of AAP, presumably directly as they partition into the ER membrane. The experiments documented in Paper II were directed at identifying ER retention determinants present in the cytoplasmic carboxy-terminal tail of Shr3. Retention was found to depend on multiple motifs that function in an additive fashion. Surprisingly, one of the motifs was close to the membrane domain. This unexpected finding provided a novel tool that was exploited to obtain the first evidence of a mechanistic coupling between Shr3-dependent folding and packaging of AAP into COPII-coated vesicles. Paper III describes the use of a translational arrest peptide capable of stalling AAP translation on the ribosome. Strikingly, Shr3 was found associated with a nascent AAP chain with 10 membrane-spanning segments. This finding provides formal proof that Shr3 indeed functions in a co-translational manner. Collectively, these studies offer a significantly enhanced mechanistic understanding of MLC and their requirement during the biogenesis of complex polytopic membrane protein
Complement clauses in Russian : A corpus study
No full textThis thesis mainly investigates Russian complement clauses in the Uppsala corpus. The clauses are divided into the standard groups described by Švedova 1980 and the Swedish Academy Grammar (Svenska Akademiens grammatik 1999). The latter also constitutes the thesis’ theoretical framework, as is stated in chapter 1. The complement clause groups are quantified and statistics are provided in chapter 2–3. Even marginal subordinators are described with the help of the newer corpus Russian National Corpus (http://www.ruscorpora.ru). Five main groups are distinguished. Of these the narrative one turned out to be by far the biggest due to its dominant čto subgroup, followed by the WH group (an interrogative subgroup). The three remaining groups are much smaller. Another facet is binders and domains, two new concepts. The first covers those lexemes of the matrix clauses that the complement clauses are linked to, while the domain concept is semantic and covers the semantic spheres that binders represent (e.g., mental, communication, perception, abstract). For each group of complement clauses their domain mix is presented with corresponding frequent binders, listed in chapter 2. Binders like know (mental), say (communication), see (perception) and depend (abstract) are usually frequent in these domains. Typically, the domain mix differs: in the most dominant čto and WH groups the mental domain dominates, followed by the communication domain. On the other end their perception and abstract domains are small. A totally different domain mix is, e.g., found in the subjunctive group. Another facet of chapter 2 is the comparison of some reference works with the above-mentioned empirical results. It shows that the reference works often do not match the corpus(es). The discrepancies are found both among their exemplified binders and equivalents to domains. Chapter 3 presents statistics on various syntactical aspects, like function in the matrix clauses, clause sequences and TO insertion. One such result is that object clauses very much dominate most nominal groups
Svensk gängkriminalitet i fokus : En diskursanalys av problemrepresentation av gängkriminalitet i media
No full textSyftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur gängkriminalitet framställs och konstrueras i svensk media, baserat på debattartiklar i Aftonbladet och Expressen. Fokus ligger på att analysera de underliggande antaganden, värderingar och perspektiv som ligger till grund för mediers problemrepresentation av gängkriminalitet. Utifrån metodramverket för WPR (”What’s the Problem Represented to be?”) har teman och perspektiv som återfunnits i materialet kodats analyseras utifrån specifika frågeställningar. Studien grundar sig i tre olika teoretiska perspektiv, Michel Foucaults teori om diskurser, Stanley Cohens teori om moralpanik samt Erving Goffmans teori om stigmatisering, vilka applicerats för att analysera de identifierade teman som framkommit under den tematiska kodningen. I studien redovisas samtidigt tidigare forskning inom det aktuella ämnet som diskuteras och vars relevans redovisas.Studien utgår från ett socialkonstruktivistiskt perspektiv och resultatet lyfter fram hur diskurser i medierna bidrar till att skapa och befästa stereotyper, där vissa grupper och individer framställs som en del av problematiken. Genom att granska dikotomier och kategoriseringar undersöker studien hur mediernas problemrepresentation av gängkriminalitet kan bidra till att forma diskurser
Ab initio molecular dynamics study of metal oxide-water interfaces and development of polarizable force field
No full textThis thesis describes a computational study of interfaces between water and metal oxides using classical and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. Specifically, the work focuses on different surfaces of the metal oxides TiO2 and ZnO. A number of different systems were simulated including ideal flat surfaces, a curved nanoparticle surface as well as surfaces with oxygen vacancies. It was investigated how the properties of water change near the metal oxide - water interface and what reactions water molecules undergo in these systems. Furthermore, classical force fields describing interactions in TiO2, ZnO and their hydrated surfaces were developed. This was done by partitioning of electron density from ab initio molecular dynamics simulations combined with scaling theories relating atomic volumes to polarizabilities and dispersion coefficients. For TiO2 a polarizable force field based on the Drude oscillator model was developed. The results give new atomistic insight into water structure, dynamics and reactivity on metal oxide surfaces and highlights the importance of polarizability for accurate modeling of water adsorption thermodynamics
How do leaders work with competence development? : Leadership and strategies for employee competence development.
No full textSyftet med denna studie har varit att bilda en förståelse för ledarskap, strategier, metoder och kulturersom ledare använder sig av för att stödja och utveckla sina medarbetares kompetensutveckling. Åttastycken ledare för olika medelstora organisationer har intervjuats genom kvalitativa semistruktureradeintervjuer och dess innehåll har därefter analyserats genom en tematisk analys. Resultaten från studienvisar att ett transformativt ledarskap är att föredra för att främja lärande på arbetsplatsen. Men ävenvilka olika strategier som ledare kan använda sig av för att främja kompetensutveckling samt attkontexten har en avgörande betydelse för ledarnas möjligheter att arbeta med medarbetarnaskompetensutveckling.The purpose of this study has been to develop an understanding of leadership, strategies, methods, andcultures that leaders use to support and enhance the professional development of their employees.Eight leaders from various medium sized organizations were interviewed through qualitativesemi-structured interviews, and the content was subsequently analyzed using thematic analysis. Thefindings of the study indicate that transformative leadership is preferable for fostering workplacelearning. Additionally, the study highlights various strategies leaders can employ to promoteprofessional development and emphasizes that the context plays a critical role in shaping leadersability to work with employee skill development