Publikationer från Stockholms universitet
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Latent state estimation with longitudinal and adaptive measurements
No full textLatent variables are useful constructs for modeling states that cannot be directly observed, such as skills, attitudes and health states. Tests designed to measure latent scores often take the form of questionnaires. The developer of such a test aims to assemble a set of items that measures a latent state with good precision. A challenge is that the best set of items depends on the respondent’s true latent score, so a test optimized to give good precision for some respondents may be less precise for others. This dissertation explores statistical methods to optimize the measuring instrument through simulation studies and empirical applications to diverse populations. The papers included here evaluate adaptive methods that select items based on current knowledge about the respondent. Paper 1 proposes an adaptive method for selecting one item at a time in a Voting Advice Application. With a test that continuously selects the most informative next item, the respondent can conclude the session without answering all items and still get a result that is sufficiently accurate. The proposed method relies on Item Response Theory and a multidimensional latent construct. In Paper 2, we explored an adaptive model to measure the health states of patients evaluated for symptoms of Parkinson's disease. We compared this adaptive model to optimized static item sets designed for good population-average precision. The Parkinson's dataset consisted of repeated measurements across multiple timepoints, which required a longitudinal approach. In both Papers 1 and 2, the purpose of the methods was to enable more time-efficient versions of tests to increase usage. Papers 3 and 4 evaluate methods for tracking abilities that change over time. Unlike the Parkinson's scenario with a full test repeated at multiple timepoints, here we have only one observation per time point. In these settings, it is common to abandon traditional statistical models and instead rely on computationally inexpensive algorithms. Of these algorithms, the Elo rating system stands out as the most prominent. This rating system, developed to rate chess players, now has widespread use in many competitive sports and also in education. We identified limitations associated with the Elo method, and proposed extensions to remedy these. In Paper 3, we developed a hybrid approach that combines standard Elo with statistical modeling to incorporate group-level information. In Paper 4, we demonstrated that in a closed system in which students improve in ability, and where item difficulties are estimated in real time, the Elo method produces increasingly deflated ability estimates. We proposed a method to quantify and offset this system-level deflation
“I’m a tattoo artist when I go to bed, I’m a tattoo artist when I wake up”
No full textSyftet med studien är att få en fördjupad förståelse för hur tatueringsartister konstruerar sinyrkesidentitet i förhållande till status, deras sociala roller och deras hela identitet. Data har samlats ingenom semistrukturerade kvalitativa intervjuer med tatueringsartister som analyserats genom entematisk analys. Utifrån detta sorterades tatueringsartisternas uttalanden in i teman för att kunnaanalyseras och få en fördjupad förståelse av skapandet av deras yrkesidentitet. Teorier som används istudien är Bourdieus habitus och kapital, Charles Horton Cooleys spegeljag, Strykers symboliskainteraktionism och Stiers yrkesidentitet. Resultatet visar att tatueringsartisters yrkesstatus minskarutifrån fördomar och ekonomiska aspekter i relation till andra yrken, både i dess symboliska ochvolymbemärkelse. Fördomarna och ekonomiska aspekter påverkar yrkesstatusen, men hindrar inteskapandet av tatueringsartisternas yrkesidentitet, utan snarare förstärker den. Resultatet visar även attyrkesidentiteten påverkar många delar av tatueringsartisternas liv samt att yrket är mer än ett jobb. Själva yrkesutövningen kan genom det ses som en form av livsstil.This study aims to deepen the understanding of tattoo artists' construction of work identity in relationto their status, social roles, and entire identity. Semi-structured qualitative interviews facilitate thecollection of data, through which the thematic analysis stems. The analysis then uses Bourdieu'stheory of habitus and capital, Charles Horton Cooley's mirror-self, Stryker's symbolic interactionism,and Stier’s work-identity. Results show a decrease in status because of prejudice and economicaspects, in relation to other occupations, both symbolically and in volume. Despite a lower status, thetattoo artist work-identity persists and sort of thrives off this. Results also show the impact whichwork-identity has on several aspects of the tattoo-artists’ lives. The occupation becomes less thanwork, and more like a lifestyle
Moisture recycling in forest-agricultural systems : An interdisciplinary view within and across scales
No full textMoisture recycling is a hydrological process that captures the journey of water particles in the atmosphere - starting with terrestrial and oceanic evaporation, continuing with their windborne transport, and ending with precipitation back on land and ocean. Land cover affects the amount of recycled precipitation, and hence the ways we, as humans, use, manage, and govern land concern moisture recycling. Moisture recycling is scarcely managed and governed currently, despite being increasingly recognized as an important process in the biosphere, supporting our society. Moisture recycling is one of the many processes entangling forests and agriculture at various scales, as part of forest-agricultural social-ecological systems. Forests have the potential for securing precipitation for downwind agriculture, although the understanding of this process within the broader forest-agricultural systems remains limited and improving this understanding requires an interdisciplinary approach. As our biophysical understanding of moisture recycling progresses, a question arises: how can we use the knowledge of moisture recycling to guide our activities on land that safeguard forests and agriculture synergistically? The thesis attempts to answer this question by applying a social-ecological systems perspective and an interdisciplinary approach to investigate the interdependence between forests and agriculture through moisture recycling. By applying the forest-agricultural systems context and beyond, the thesis further assesses the need to govern moisture recycling as a mediating process in social-ecological systems. Five papers in this thesis cover different scales of social-ecological processes entangling forests and agriculture. Paper I analyzes moisture recycling at the national scale, to conceptualize its interconnection with forests, agricultural production, and crop trade across countries globally. Paper II focuses on the regional scale dynamics of moisture recycling and the role of forests as moisture sources during heatwaves in Europe. Paper III zooms in on the local scale to detect changes in local forests and shifting cultivation practices as a result of social-ecological pressures on land in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Paper IV complements Paper III with an investigation into the moisture recycling process connecting local forests with local agricultural practices. Finally, Paper V uses a futuring exercise to imagine the governance of moisture recycling as economic goods at diverse scales. Together, these papers suggest that forests support downwind agricultural production through the provision of precipitation within and across scales. This relationship is reciprocal, considering that forests are also influenced by the state of downwind agriculture through social dynamics. Accordingly, moisture recycling unravels a new way of interdependence between forests and agriculture. This thesis advances the moisture recycling knowledge beyond its biophysical aspects, and prompts us to reflect on what governing moisture recycling in the future would entail
Vi måste tänka långsiktigt : Speciallärares beskrivningar av arbetet med språk-, skriv- och läsutveckling i relation till elever i läs- och skrivsvårigheter. En kvalitativ intervjustudie.
No full textBase-catalyzed Stereospecific Isomerizations via 1,3-Proton Shift : Synthesis of Chiral Amines, Enamides and Siloxyallenes
No full textThe thesis focuses on the development of organocatalytic methods to efficiently generate novel enantioenriched products. The different projects are united by the utilization of base catalysis, which promotes the isomerization of allylic- and propargylic compounds in a stereospecific manner. The effective chirality transfer processes give access to a variety of functionalized compounds with potential applications in drug discovery. The first project of this thesis demonstrates that a simple bicyclic guanidine base, namely 1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene (TBD), enables the stereospecific isomerization of α-chiral allylic amines (Paper I). The resulting enamine–imine tautomeric mixture is directly exploited in a one-pot sequence through diastereoselective reduction with DIBAL-H, enabling the preparation of a wide array of α,-γ-chiral γ-trifluoromethylated aliphatic amines. This method offers a new and efficient entry to functionalized chiral amines. The second project presents a different strategy that further highlights the synthetic potential of the abovementioned enamine-imine tautomeric mixture (Paper II). Therein, acyl chlorides were subsequently added in a one-pot fashion to access a new class of γ-chiral trifluoromethylated enamides. A broad library of such compounds was synthesized with different substituents and functional groups. A variety of chemical transformations were performed to obtain novel chiral complex scaffolds. This thesis also explores TBD as an organocatalyst able to promote central-to-axial chirality transfer through stereospecific isomerization of protected propargylic alcohols into axially chiral siloxyallenes (Paper III). A potential application was demonstrated, and the reaction mechanism has been theoretically investigated by DFT calculations. In the last project, multiple chiral base catalysts were evaluated to establish an asymmetric isomerization of allylic compounds via kinetic resolution (Project IV). Thereby, extensive optimization studies were carried out to identify suitable reaction conditions. An efficient design of key control experiments led us to suggest a plausible reaction mechanism
“Social and Emotional Training. It was the best thing I ever did.” : The application and experiences of SET among participants with autism and intellectual disability in daily worklike- activities.
No full textSyftet med undersökningen är att få en ökad förståelse av Social och Emotionell Träning (SET) inom daglig verksamhet, både utifrån ett organisatoriskt och ett individuellt perspektiv. Forskning visar att individer med funktionsnedsättning har utmaningar att etablera sig på arbetsmarknaden. Studien är bestående av elva semistrukturerade intervjuer, två observationer samt ett dokument från företaget. Materialet har tolkats med hjälp av tematiska och narrativa analysmetoder. Resultaten visar att SET fungerar som en gruppinriktad metod och träning med en delvis koppling till arbetslivet. Metoden kan ha positiv inverkan på målgruppen avseende att främja anställningsbarhet, vilket både var bundet till innehållet och strukturen såväl som träningen i praktiken och kontexten. Återkommande upplevelser och effekter av SET var ökad social förmåga och delaktighet samt förbättrad hantering av stressfyllda och utmanande situationer. Andra aspekter var en känsla av att bli sedd och hörd, ökad struktur i vardagen samt en gruppgemenskap. The aim of the study is to gain an increased understanding of Social and Emotional Training (SET) within daily worklike-activities, from an organizational and individual perspective. Through research it is shown that individuals with disabilities are experiencing challenges in establishing themselves in the labor market. The study consists of eleven semi-structured interviews, two observations and a document from the company. The material has been interpreted using thematic and narrative analysis methods. The results are showing that SET functions as a group-oriented method and training with a partial connection to working life. The method can have a positive impact on the target group regarding promoting employability, which was both tied to the content and structure as well as the training in practice and context. Recurring experiences and effects of SET were increased social ability and participation as well as improved handling of stressful and challenging situations. Other aspects were a feeling of being seen and heard, increased structure in everyday life and group belonging
Power and Landscape in Late Iron Age Uppland : A Study of Nordian's Mound and the Åshusby Burial Ground
No full textThis bachelor’s thesis exmines Nordian’s Mound and the Åshusby burial ground in order to explore the site’s function and significance during the Late Iron Age. The study combines archaeological material, landscape analysis and theoretical perspectives on power, monuments and networks. The results suggest that Nordian’s mound functioned as more than an individual burial and should be interpreted as a monument with the local social elite. Its prominent placement on the Stockholm esker and near prehistoric waterways indicates that landscape and visibility played a decisive role in its location. The archaeological material further indicates that the site was used by elites during several periods between approximately AD 500 and 900. Overall, the study highlights how monuments, landscape and regional networks interacted in the construction of social meaning during the Late Iron Ag
"När Washington nyser blir en kirgisisk journalist sjuk" : Demokrati i Centralasien och Trumpadministrationens nedstängning av Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
No full textUppsatsen undersöker hur den sittande Trumpadministrationens beslut påverkar förutsättningar för demokrati och fri media långt bort från Washington – i Centralasien. Genom intervjuer och ett omfångsrikt material av medierapportering och rapporter tecknar uppsatsen en bild av vilka konsekvenser nedstängningen av Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty får i Kazakstan, Kirgizistan och Uzbekistan. Den empiriska analysen visar på en känslig mediesituation som genomsyras av statlig påverkan och olika former av begränsningar för opartisk media. Nedstängningen av Radio FreeEurope/Radio Liberty riskerar att göra medieklimatet i Centralasien ännu mer begränsat och farligare för oberoende journalister. Det empiriska resultatet tolkas mot bakgrund av en teoribaserad diskussion om hur bristen på fri media påverkar förutsättningarna för demokrati. Den teoretiska slutsatsen visar att en minskad åsiktsflora reducerar möjligheterna för deliberativ demokrati och polyarkisk demokrati i Centralasien
Style vs Substance : A conjoint experiment on the driving factors behind populistvoting behavior on the left and right wing in the Netherlands
No full textVisible transition: invisible harm? : Assembling the Green Deal and local realities in Luleå and Kiruna
No full textThis thesis examines how the European Green Deal is assembled and materialized at the local level in northern Sweden and how this process generates uneven forms of contestation and harm. Focusing on the Arctic municipalities of Kiruna and Luleå, the study conceptualizes the green industrial transition not as a linear or purely technological shift, but as a sociotechnical and political assemblage constituted through heterogeneous actors, infrastructures, and policies operating across European, national, regional, and municipal scales. While northern Sweden is increasingly framed as indispensable for Europe’s decarbonization, particularly through green steel production and critical raw material extraction, this strategic positioning obscures how costs and risks are redistributed locally. The thesis addresses two research questions: how the green industrial transition is assembled in Kiruna and Luleå, and what forms of contestation and violence emerge through this process. To answer these questions, it combines Actor–Network Theory and Assemblage Thinking with the concepts of slow violence and extractive violence in a theoretical framework. Methodologically, the thesis employs a qualitative multiple instrumental case study design based on document and media analysis of EU and Swedish policy documents, municipal planning materials, corporate reports, environmental permitting decisions, and regional news coverage. The analysis demonstrates that the green transition assemblage is fragile, contested, and shaped by persistent extractivist legacies. In Kiruna, the expansion of mining and the development of rare earth extraction are tightly entangled with the large-scale relocation of the city itself and the reconfiguration of surrounding landscapes, intensifying long-standing conflicts over Sámi land use and decision-making authority. In contrast, Luleå’s role as an industrial processing and logistics hub gives rise to more diffuse and incremental forms of harm, as industrial reconfiguration generates cumulative pressures on housing provision, energy systems, infrastructure, and municipal finances, which materialize over time as latent and cumulative forms of violence. The thesis concludes that, without addressing these relational power asymmetries and cumulative harms, the green industrial transition risks reproducing, and increasing existing inequalities while being contested in itself