Publikationer från Stockholms universitet
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En möjlighet att lyckas med skolan : Inkluderande arbetssätt och relationellt förhållningssätt på folkhögskola
No full textMånga unga idag söker sig till folkhögskola då de inte har klarat av tidigare skola. Olika anledningar har skapat denna situation – för många kan problematisk skolfrånvaro ha startat i mellanstadiet. När dessa ungdomar är 18 år och kan söka sig till folkhögskola, så kan det vara 8-10 år sedan de var i skolan. Att uppleva skolmisslyckanden är idag ofta kopplat till NPF-diagnos, psykisk ohälsa, språkstörning, dyslexi – och till folkhögskola söker sig många som upplever att de inte har fått stöd i tidigare skola. Inkludering och relationellt förhållningssätt har varit folkhögskolans signum sedan 150 år, då skolformen startade – folkhögskola ska vara fri och frivillig, men bygga på att man lär av varandra och att lärandet är en del av en bildningsresa. Syftet med denna uppsats är undersöka den lärmiljö som utgörs av folkhögskolans allmänna kurs, och hur den skapar förutsättningar för lärande och möjligheten att lyckas med skolan. En fenomenologisk livsvärldsansats ger tillsammans med en ingång i relationell pedagogik teoretiska utgångspunkter. En undersökning med inspiration av etnografiska studier har gjorts, med observationer av två folkhögskoleklasser som går behörighetsgivande allmän kurs, motsvarande behörigheter för gymnasiets åk 1. Vidare inbegriper studien tre intervjuer med lärare och en fokusgruppintervju med deltagare. Den kvalitativa metoden valdes utifrån den fenomenologiska livsvärldsansatsen, för att som deltagande forskare undersöka vad som händer i skolans lärmiljöer och hur det händer; med de olika ingångar som studien gav har resultatet varit att jag har kunnat landa i ett flertal främjande praktiker av inkluderande arbetssätt och åskådliggörande av ett relationellt förhållningssätt. När livsvärldar ges möjlighet att mötas och lära av varandra sker lärande på olika sätt. Filippa Millenbergs (2023) begreppsanvändning gällande olika sorters möten på folkhögskola har varit inspirerande och användbara. Det finns mycket lite forskning om hur deltagare på allmän kurs på folkhögskola upplever skolformen, vad som ofta leder till att känslan av skolmisslyckanden vänds till känslan att lyckas med skola. Resultatet visar att det relationella förhållningssättet som folkhögskolans pedagogik bygger på är en avgörande faktor när det gäller att nå inkludering som i sin tur ger förutsättningar till lärande.
"Vi gör det tillsammans" : En kvalitativ intervjustudie om hur specialpedagoger ser på sin roll i att samarbeta med och stödja lärare i deras arbete med att främja tillitsfulla lärar-elevrelationer
No full textSyftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur specialpedagoger uppfattar sin roll i att stödja lärare i arbetet med att främja tillitsfulla lärar-elevrelationer samt vilka möjligheter och utmaningar de erfar på individ-, grupp- och organisationsnivå. Studien bygger på semistrukturerade intervjuer med tio specialpedagoger verksamma i svensk grundskola, anpassad grundskola, gymnasium och vuxenutbildning. Intervjumaterialet analyserades med reflexiv tematisk analys utifrån begreppen tillit, pedagogisk takt, relationskompetens samt relationellt respektive punktuellt perspektiv. Analysen ledde fram till tre huvudteman; Spindeln i nätet, Med varsam hand samt Att hitta ingångar. Resultatet visar att specialpedagogernas arbete präglas av en ständig rörelse mellan att stödja och utmana i samarbetet med lärarna då lärar-elevrelationen ibland är ett känsligt område. Specialpedagogerna beskriver hur de fungerar som länkar mellan skolans olika nivåer; initierar kollegiala lärprocesser, modellerar relationellt bemötande och skapar möjligheter för lärare och elever att mötas i tillitsfulla sammanhang. Sammantaget antyder resultaten att en spänning mellan katgoriska och relationella perspektiv förekommer i samarbetet mellan specialpedagoger och lärare, där ett individcentrerat perspektiv ofta blir utgångspunkt i planering av stödinsatser. Detta understryker behovet av tydliga arbetssätt på organisationsnivå som stödjer ett gemensamt ansvarstagande och synliggör miljömässiga och relationella faktorer i arbetet med elever i behov av stöd. Resultatet indikerar också aspekter som tid, att hitta ingångar till samarbete med lärarna och att vara en länk mellan ledning och lärare kan ses som både utmaningar och möjligheter och dessa aspekter påverkar varandra ömsesidigt. Relationsarbetet kan därför inte förstås isolerat från organisatoriska villkor och specialpedagogernas uppdragsuppfattning. Tid, närvaro i skolans vardagsmiljöer och tydliga strukturer framstår som centrala förutsättningar för att specialpedagoger ska kunna agera taktfullt och stödjande. Studien belyser även behovet av att relationskompetens ges ett större utrymme i specialpedagogutbildningen.
När den häktade fyller 18 år under häktningstiden : Om tillämpligheten och tydligheten av 23 och 23 a §§ lagen (1964:167) med särskilda bestämmelser om unga lagöverträdare
No full textUnder Section 23 of the Swedish Act (1964:167) with Special Provisions on Young Offenders, a suspect who has not attained the age of 18 may be remanded in custody only where exceptional reasons exist. Furthermore, pursuant to Section 23 a of the same Act, read in conjunction with Chapter 24, Section 4 a of the Swedish Code of Judicial Procedure (1942:740), the maximum period of pre-trial detention for a suspect who has not attained the age of 18 at the time the remand decision is enforced is, as a general rule, limited to three months. Legal uncertainty arises as to the applicability of these provisions where decisions concerning continued detention are taken after the detainee has attained the age of 18, having reached that age during the period of detention. The results of the empirical study conducted in this thesis demonstrate divergent approaches among the district courts examined. This lack of clarity entails a significant deficiency in legal predictability, as similar cases risk being treated differently depending on the court, or even the individual judge, adjudicating the detention issue. Incorrect application of the law may undermine the balance between, on the one hand, the individual’s right to protection against undue interference by the exercise of public authority and, on the other, the interest in effective crime control. Against this background, the thesis examines whether Sections 23 and 23 a of the Swedish Act (1964:167) with Special Provisions on Young Offenders should be applied in decisions on pre-trial detention taken after the detainee has attained the age of 18, where that age is reached during the period of detention. The analysis is conducted using a legal dogmatic method. It is concluded that Section 23 should not be applied in such circumstances, whereas Section 23 a should be applied. The identified legal uncertainty also gives rise to the question of whether the provisions satisfy the clarity requirement inherent in the principle of legality. Accordingly, the thesis evaluates whether the provisions meet this requirement, with a view to determining whether legislative action is necessary to remedy the identified shortcomings, whether clarification is warranted despite formal compliance with the requirement, or whether the issue may instead be resolved through judicial interpretation. The content of the clarity requirement is determined using a legal dogmatic method, while the findings of the empirical study, conducted using an empirical, qualitative, and non-experimental social science method, serve to enrich the evaluation. The thesis concludes that the provisions, in their current form, do not fully satisfy the clarity requirement of the principle of legality and argues that the uncertainty should be addressed through legislative measures
How Artificial Intelligence is Shaping Financial Reasoning among the Unbanked
No full textDigital financial ecosystems have expanded across developing economies, yet financial literacy initiatives often fail to engage with the relational and experiential dimensions of how knowledge is formed. Much of the existing literature privileges access and usability, leaving unexamined the situated processes through which financial understanding and behavior take form. This study examines how anthropomorphic virtual assistants (AVAs) interact with cognitive routines, emotional dispositions, and collective practices, not as external tools but as relational figures embedded in everyday financial navigation. Through repeated prompts, familiar analogies, and culturally responsive guidance, AVAs support gradual shifts in comprehension, habit, and group coordination. AVAs are drawn into household planning, small-group deliberation, and silent self-assessment, where they assume a role neither instructional nor advisory, but durational and interpretive. The analysis reframes AI not as a delivery mechanism but as a participant in the composition of financial sensemaking. Implications extend to learning environments grounded in narrative, resonance, and socially distributed reasoning
Follicular fallacies or where should we begin? : Polycystic ovary syndrome from a life course perspective
No full textPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is among the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age, and is associated with several burdensome comorbidities. Around half of women with PCOS are either unaware of their condition or only become diagnosed a considerable time after symptoms initially manifest. PCOS presents significant challenges for both healthcare professionals and the women affected by the condition. Due to its multifaceted nature, there is currently no straightforward treatment available, and this has been the status quo for decades. Further investigation is needed to understand the etiology of PCOS and how PCOS contributes to socioeconomic and health inequalities. This PhD thesis aims to generate new knowledge on intergenerational and early life drivers of PCOS, while contributing to a better understanding of the mechanisms that generate social inequalities in PCOS. The four individual studies are based on register data for large population samples of Swedish women born between 1962 and 1995. Study I investigated associations of intergenerational and early life factors with PCOS. Maternal PCOS diagnosis, maternal diabetes mellitus, maternal obesity and heavy maternal smoking (10+ cigarettes/day) were strongly associated with PCOS among offspring. Additionally, lower (<7) one-minute Apgar score and post-term birth were associated with diagnosis of PCOS. Study II investigated associations between PCOS and several comorbidities, exploring the extent to which these associations are sensitive to familial confounding by exploiting variation between biological sisters. After controlling for some shared familial environmental, social, and genetic risk factors, the findings indicated that women with a PCOS diagnosis had a fourfold increase in the odds of being diagnosed with obesity, a 1.4-fold higher likelihood of experiencing depression or anxiety, and a twofold greater likelihood of developing sleep, sexual, or eating disorders compared to their sisters without PCOS. Study III focused on labor market attachment trajectories of working age women diagnosed with PCOS. While the majority of women in the study sample entered the labor market with stable employment, those with PCOS were more likely to encounter negative labor market outcomes, such as exclusion from the labor market or prolonged sickness absence. Study IV aimed to quantify educational and income-related inequalities and their relation to PCOS diagnosis. Women with low socioeconomic position had highest risk for being diagnosed with PCOS even after controlling for confounding factors. A modifying effect of education on the association of income with PCOS was also observed. The findings of this thesis highlight the impact of intergenerational factors and early life conditions on the risk of developing PCOS later in life. In addition to its developmental origins, PCOS leads to disadvantaged labor market attachment trajectories later in life. The thesis also explores the link between a disadvantaged socioeconomic situation and PCOS. The complexity of working with register data and diagnosed cases of PCOS lies in chronological delays and underdiagnosis. Women whose PCOS diagnosis is not captured by the registries or is only observed later than the onset of the disease may bias estimates obtained from register studies, which is a limitation. Screening for PCOS, particularly among women with risk factors such as obesity, or a family history of the condition, could help identify the disorder earlier. Early detection allows for timely interventions and could also reduce the risk of associated comorbidities such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and mental health disorders. Integrated care models are needed that address the full spectrum of PCOS-related health and social issues
Diversity, speciation and evolutionary history of the twisted-winged parasite genus Stylops (Strepsiptera) : A genomic approach
No full textDespite their captivating peculiarity, the insect order Strepsiptera, commonly known as twisted-winged parasites, remains relatively poorly known. Advancements in molecular methods have provided researchers with new tools to address evolutionary questions about the order previously difficult to resolve due to the challenging morphology of Strepsipterans. Stylops, one of the largest genera of Strepsiptera, has had its fair share of these challenges. Stylops are obligate endoparasites of Andrena mining bees, and taxonomists working with the genus have used species concepts with varying degrees of host specificity. This has led to conflicting species hypotheses and unresolved phylogenetic relationships. Furthermore, key evolutionary processes, such as host coevolution and drivers of speciation, have largely remained unexplored. In this thesis, I use genomic-scale data to both clarify the taxonomy of Stylops and to investigate the evolutionary history and processes within the genus. In chapter I, we apply whole-genome sequencing to produce a comprehensive molecular data set focused on West Palaearctic Stylops species. Over 2000 genes were used in species delimitation analyses to evaluate existing and conflicting species hypotheses. We found justification for synonymization of multiple species, indications of undescribed species, and confirmed new host-parasite relationships, clarifying the West Palaearctic species diversity of Stylops. In chapter II, we infer a phylogeny of the genus based on thousands of loci, including newly sequenced Nearctic species. Additionally, we assess the biogeographic history and coevolutionary patterns with their host. The used inference methods produced fully resolved phylogenies with high support values and only minor topological differences between the methods. We found Stylops to originate in the West Palaearctic or West Palaearctic and Nearctic in the early Neogene or late Palaeogene and diversification of Stylops to be shaped by both coevolution and host-shifting. In chapter III we investigate what drives divergence in six species or species groups of Stylops using a genome-wide SNP dataset. We found that, depending on the species, both geographic distance and host association each play important roles for genetic differentiation, highlighting how contrasting processes may shape speciation even in closely related species. In chapter IV, we review the Nordic Strepsiptera fauna based on the current taxonomic knowledge and describe two new Stylops species that were identified as undescribed species in earlier chapters. Additionally, we gather an extensive species occurrence record set of Strepsiptera from the Nordic countries based on museum and private collections, and online databases. The overall aim of this thesis is to apply genomic data to answer questions of species diversity, host association, drivers of speciation and evolutionary history of the genus Stylops to increase our knowledge and understanding of these fascinating insects
The Dutch translation of swearing in the Swedish film Show Me Love (Fucking Åmål) : A study of subtitles
No full textModeling Electoral Threshold Dynamics: A Game-Theoretic Analysis of Strategic Voting in Sweden
No full textThis paper develops a game-theoretic model to analyze strategic voting in Sweden’s proportional representation system, with a focus on the 4% parliamentarythreshold that incentivizes ”insurance voting” to support smaller parties. Themodel explores how voters balance ideological preferences, coalition dynamics, andthe risks of wasted votes. Simulations validate the model’s predictions, demonstrating how threshold effects can shape electoral outcomes, from stabilizing coalitionsto triggering coordination failures. The findings highlight the role of voter expectations and coalition signals in shaping behavior, offering insights into the broaderimplications of threshold-based proportional representation systems in multi-partydemocracies.
Universalism and Management in Swedish Welfare Administration : The Implementation of Child Allowance and Health Insurance at the Swedish Social Insurance Agency
No full textThis thesis investigates the transformation of Swedish welfare administration, focusing on how management-oriented governance influences citizens' access to social insurance, specifically comparing child allowance and sickness benefits. While the Swedish welfare system has historically been based on universalism, granting access to social services as a matter of citizen rights, the introduction of New Public Management has created tensions between universalism and its practical implementation. The thesis explores how changes in governance models affect social insurance implementation through qualitative interviews with frontline officials at the Swedish Social Insurance Agency (Försäkringskassan). Child allowance is analyzed as a critical case to examine how universal systems respond to management-oriented governance models, contrasted with sickness benefits to highlight differences in access and implementation. Findings suggest that a focus on productivity and measurable outcomes has led to greater standardization and reduced discretion, often at the expense of quality in individual assessments. Child allowance faces growing selectivity due to strict criteria, while sickness benefits show expanded access but greater complexity. The findings indicate that the dual pressures of cost-efficiency and safeguarding universal principles can undermine values central to a universal welfare state. However, due to the study’s limited scope, further research is needed to confirm these patterns and deepen our understanding of how management-oriented governance impacts social insurance accessibility and legitimacy
Formative Assessment in Writing Learning : Perceptions and Practices of Teachers of Spanish as a Foreign Language in the Swedish School System
No full textEl propósito de esta tesina ha sido conocer las percepciones y prácticas de los profesores de español como lengua extranjera (ELE) haciendo uso de la evaluación formativa en la enseñanza de la escritura en el sistema escolar sueco. Este estudio se fundamenta en la teoría sociocultural de Lev Vygotsky, el cual resalta la importancia de las interacciones sociales en el aprendizaje. El instrumento para la obtención de los resultados se realizó mediante una encuesta con orientación cualitativa aplicada a seis profesores en la cual se exploraron sus prácticas y creencias sobre este enfoque pedagógico. Los resultados revelan que los docentes valoran positivamente la evaluación formativa como una herramienta efectiva para mejorar la escritura, aunque enfrentan obstáculos como la falta de tiempo, de apoyo institucional y la insuficiencia de recursos y materiales para su implementación. Aunque los resultados de esta investigación no pueden generalizarse debido a su pequeña escala, este estudio ofrece una visión inicial relevante sobre cómo la evaluación formativa se lleva a cabo en el aula, por lo que se requieren investigaciones más amplias para establecer si este proceso de aprendizaje continuo se integra en la labor del profesorado para la enseñanza de ELE