Publikationer från Stockholms universitet
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Collaboration between preschool and home : Experienced preschool teachers’ life stories with a focus on collaboration with foreign-born parents
No full text Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka förskollärares livserfarenheter och uppfattningar om förändrande samverkan med vårdnadshavare, särskilt med utlandsfödda vårdnadshavare, under deras långa arbetsliv med utgångspunkt i livsberättelser från sex förskollärare med mångårig erfarenhet. Studiens material samlas kvalitativt in från sex förskollärare med mångårig erfarenhet genom semistrukturerade intervjuer. De insamlade materialen bearbetas med hjälp av tematisk analys som analysmetod för att identifiera och plocka ut de viktiga och värdefulla insikter i intervjuer, och studiens resultat analyseras i ljuset av livsberättelseteorin. Resultat visar att samverkansuppdraget är ett komplext och multimodalt uppdrag som gynnar både barns lärande och utveckling och förskolans måluppfyllelse. De intervjuade förskollärarnas livsberättelser tyder även att samverkan mellan förskolan och hemmet är i förändring hela tiden, och kräver att förskollärarna anpassar sig efter de förändrade uppdraget. Förskolans samverkan har skiftat från en kompisrelation med omsorg och språket i fokus till professionell, förtroendefull och respektfull relation som präglas av förskollärarnas professionalitet, tvåvägskommunikation och ett professionellt avstånd med föräldrarna, samt barns lärande och utveckling i fokus. Denna studie visar även att kommunikationen mellan förskolan och hemmet har blivit multimodala med hjälp av digitalisering och dokumentation jämfört med tidigare när kommunikation med vårdnadshavarna skedde endast genom fysiska möten vid lämning, hämtning och kvartsamtal. Förutom de fysiska kontakter har de skriftliga kommunikationen ökat genom användandet av appar, verksamhetsloggar och digitala verktyg i samarbete mellan förskolan och föräldrarna. De intervjuade förskollärarnas livsberättelser framhåller också att barns utveckling, lärande och lärprocesser har med införandet av läroplanerna fått större betydelse i dagens samverkan med vårdnadshavarna, jämfört med tidigare, när barns omsorg och språk var viktigaste hos vårdnadshavarna. Studien tar fram resursbrist, tidsbrist, högre krav för dokumentation, styrning från ledning, kulturella skillnader, språkbarriärer, bristande kommunikation, kulturkrockar och olika tidsperspektiv som hinder för samverkan med vårdnadshavare, särskilt med nyanlända och utlandsfödda vårdnadshavare.
TAKK in preschool: A study of preschool teachers’ experiences and perspectives
No full textDenna studie bidrar med en fördjupad kunskap om förskollärares uppfattningar om användningen av TAKK (Tecken som Alternativ och Kompletterande Kommunikation) i förskolans verksamhet, med fokus på dess roll i att främja inkludering. Genom en fenomenografisk ansats och semistrukturerade intervjuer identifieras förskollärares varierande erfarenheter och perspektiv kring varför TAKK används, vilka förutsättningar som möjliggör dess användning, samt de utmaningar som kan begränsa dess tillämpning. Resultaten visar att förskollärarna menar att TAKK är ett mångsidigt verktyg som stärker barns kommunikation, men också att faktorer som bristande utbildningsmöjligheter påverkar dess användning. Studien belyser vikten av kontinuerlig utbildning, stöd från specialpedagoger och kollegialt lärande för att effektivt integrera TAKK i förskolans praktik. Den bidrar därmed till att skapa en djupare förståelse för TAKK:s potential och utmaningar i förskolan
Enfranchising the German Youth : Examining the ramifications of lowering the Voting Age on support for right-wing populism in Germany
No full textThis study will examine whether lowering the voting age in German state elections will affect the likelihood of voting for the right-wing populist party Alternative für Deutschland(AfD) between the ages 18-24 using German cross-sectional federal state election data between 2013 and 2023. The paper is theoretically based on previous research on youth-enfranchisement, which has found a relationship between earlier enfranchisement and increased satisfaction with the democratic process. From these findings, it has been theorized that increased satisfaction with democracy in the younger generation will lead to less support for the AfD, a party shown to be benefiting electorally from higher dissatisfaction with democracy in Germany. Utilizing a quasi-experimental design with logistic regression to test if young people aged 18-24 with and without youth-enfranchisement are voting marginally differently than each other. The idea was to analyze if there was a relationship between youth-enfranchisement and a higher or lower likelihood of voting for the AfD in this age cohort. When controlling for other variables, the findings show a negative relationship between youth-enfranchisement and voting for the AfD. However, due to the limitations of the data, any conclusion from the findings was difficult to make. Still, the data would indicate a lower likelihood of voting for the AfD when being enfranchised at an earlier age. The ramifications of youth-enfranchisement will continue to be an interesting and pressing topic, both in the political and academic spheres, warranting further research
Preschool teachers take on the leadership assignment : A study about interpretations, views and experiences of preschool teachers' collegial leadership.
No full textDenna intervjustudie syftar till att undersöka hur förskolepedagoger ser på förskollärares pedagogiska ledarskap inom arbetslaget, samt vilka förutsättningar och begränsningar som kan finnas i genomförandet av det pedagogiska ledarskapet. Intervjuer genomfördes för att synliggöra uppfattningar och erfarenheter samt andra viktiga aspekter som berör det pedagogiska ledarskapet som sedan tematiskt analyserades med hjälp av analytiska begrepp som är centrala utifrån teorin om praktikarkitektur. Resultatet av studien visar att det finns några starka centrala aspekter för att möjliggöra för ett välfungerande ledarskap inom arbetslagen. Dessa innefattar pedagogernas ansvar, stöttning mellan kollegor samt stöttning från styrdokument och ledning, erfarenheter och relationer mellan pedagoger. En slutsats är att alla dessa aspekter på olika sätt bidrar till hur förskollärares pedagogiska ledarskapsuppdrag ser ut, där relationer och kommunikation inom arbetslaget tycks vara starkt bidragande.
Laser probing isolated ions : Cooling dynamics and electron affinities
No full textIn this thesis we have studied the stability of ions that are stored in isolation using different laser probing techniques. Laser photodetachment threshold spectroscopy (LPTS) was used for high-precision measurements of electron affinities, an inherent property of atomic and molecular systems important for fundamental research and numerous applications, e.g., for antimatter research or accelerator-based nuclear dating. The measured electron affinities in this thesis include atomic cesium 133Cs and oxygen 16O, and two fullerenes molecules, C60 and C70. In addition, we have studied the cooling dynamics of ions, relevant to astrophysics, in new time domains and in unprecedented detail. Here, we implement action spectroscopy techniques in DESIREE, a cryogenically cooled electrostatic ion-storage ring with outstanding vacuum conditions. The studied molecules include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (C10H7CN+, C18H12+), carbon chains (C4H−, C6H−) and fullerenes (C60− and C70− ). These cooling dynamic experiments were aided by ab initio calculations and numerical simulations in order to unveil the importance of the different relaxation mechanisms that internally excited ions undergo, which determine their survival probabilities. The results presented in this thesis may play an important role for astrophysical modelling, which aims to deepen the understanding of the evolution of molecules in outer space
Stereoselective Copper-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of α-CF3-Allylboronic Acids with Diazoketones
No full textWe have studied copper-catalyzed cross-coupling of chiral α-CF3-substituted allylboronic acids with α-diazoketones. The reaction proceeds with excellent regioselectivity and stereoselectivity via allylic rearrangement. The method is useful for formation a new allylic C(sp3)–C(sp3) bond with high selectivity. The poor yield is a limitation of this reaction
The Relationship between Geographical Indications and Trademarks : With the New Protection for Geographical Indications for Craft and Industrial Products in Mind
No full textThe thesis examines how geographical indications relate to trademarks by assessing how conflicts between them are addressed in legislation relevant for the European Union as well as case law from the European Court of Justice. It assesses which interests are prioritized when one of the two are given precedence. Furthermore, the results are commented in relation to the new European Union regulation 2023/2411 on protection for geographical indications for craft and industrial products. The method used for the research is legal-dogmatic which combines use of legislation, case law, as well as legal doctrine. The results show that geographical indications are highly valued by the European Union. Geographical indications are given precedence in most conflict situations with trademarks. Only when the trademarks are well known or renowned, they are given priority over geographical indications. Other trademarks can, at best, coexist with later registered geographical indications and, as a result, lose their sole right to the trademark name. Whilst the European Union values products which emanate from a point of tradition and cultural heritage, the New World (e.g. the United States) values principles of priority according to the first in time first in right principle. The new protection for geographical indications for craft and industrial products will potentially lead to further conflict situations with trademarks
Principen om ett effektivt deltagande : Vid förundersökningsbegränsning och åtalsunderlåtelse för brottsanklagade med en intellektuell funktionsnedsättning och LSS-vård
No full textThis thesis examines the principle of effective participation under article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) and article 13 of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD). It focuses on decisions on preliminary investigation limitation and abstention from prosecution in cases where the accused suspect has intellectual disability and receives care. The study is based on a legal dogmatic method, utilizing primary legal sources such as legislation, case law, preparatory works and doctrine, as well as reports from public Swedish authorities to deepen the analysis. The study uses a subjective teleological method to determine the purpose of the provisions, in relation to the overall context of the legal framework and how they can be interpreted in relation to each other. The findings show a connection between the principle of effective participation and decisions regarding preliminary investigation limitation and abstention from prosecution in cases where the accused suspect has intellectual disability and receive care. Effective participation entails the accused suspect’s right to understand and participate in the legal process. Authorities are obligated to identify vulnerable accused suspects and provide procedural accommodations if necessary. This is consistent with both the ECHR and CRPD, as well as the European Commission’s recommendations on procedural safeguards for vulnerable suspects or defendants. For accused suspects with intellectual disabilities who recive care, decisions concerning preliminary investigation limitation and abstention from prosecution may be relevant. Therefore, it is crucial for the legal framework to clarify which procedural rights should be particularly considered in these cases. When accused suspects have intellectual disability, it may signal the need for procedural accommodations to facilitate effective participation. If the defendant is unable to understand or participate in the legal process it may support a decision on preliminary investigation limitation and abstention from prosecution, aligning with the aims of the legislation prioritizing care over prosecution when a trial would be deemed ineffective under the circumstances. A central issue in these decisions concerns the accused suspect’s ability to understand and participate in the legal process, which is often closely related to the accused’s disability and need of care. To ensure well-grounded decisions, it is crucial that investigating authorities assess the accused suspect’s capacity to participate effectively. However, Sweden currently lacks a national strategy or guidelines on this matter, creating a risk that procedural safeguards may not be fully implemented in practice.
ARTofMELT 2023 : Expedition report
No full textWhile climate change is a global issue, the change in itself is not homogeneously distributed over the globe. It is well established that near-surface Arctic warming is on average 3-4 times larger than the global-average warming. This so-called Arctic Amplification is due to a number of positive feedbacks in the Arctic, some of which are poorly understood. On a basic level, Arctic climate is determined by a balance between inflows of energy from the south and the net loss of energy by radiation at the top of the Arctic atmosphere. Both are large while their difference is small. The inflow of heat from the south occurs in both the atmosphere and ocean. From a numerical modeling perspective it occurs on sufficiently large spatial and temporal scales that it is considered resolved, however, a disproportionately large fraction of the heat transport into the Arctic happens in discrete localized events, sometimes referred to as atmospheric rivers. The net energy flux at the top of the atmosphere also has a very large annual cycle: positive but small in summer, when the solar radiation is at its maximum, but large and negative in winter when the sun is absent. The net radiative flux at TOA depends on a number of processes, including sea-ice cover, surface temperature and albedo, atmospheric chemical composition, clouds and aerosols etc. All of these have in common that they are not resolved in numerical models and hence have to be parameterized, described parametrically as functions of larger-scale resolved variables. Different in different models, models typically have substantial systematic but sometimes compensating errors in these descriptions and to a large extent this explains the spread in climate model projections of future climate and systematic errors in weather forecasts. Arctic Ocean near-surface air temperature, as a proxy for climate, goes through a substantial annual cycle with two main states; these can be characterized as either freezing or melting. Physically, in some sense, the Arctic Ocean surface only has two seasons – the melt season and the freeze season. In winter with surface temperature below the melting point, the surface temperature reacts to changes in the surface energy budget, hence, it features large and fast changes in response to changes mainly in incoming radiation. In summer, or the melt season, the surface temperature is prevented from increasing above the melting point by the phase change of melting, as long as there is substantial ice and snow remaining, and all excess energy goes into melting rather than into warming. Consequently, the summer near-surface air temperature varies only a little. How much ice melts over the melt season is directly related to the length of the melt period but also indirectly to what happens in winter. If the melt season becomes longer it follows that sea ice extent at its minimum in September will decrease. The length of the melt season is therefore one important component of the Arctic climate system, and studying and understanding the so-called shoulder seasons – the transition between melt and freeze both in spring and autumn – is of great interest in order to understand the Arctic climate system. Historically, icebreaker-based expeditions, capable of performing scientific-grade process-level observations have occurred in summer or early autumn because the ice is easier to navigate in the Arctic Ocean, when melting. Hence, a number of Oden expeditions have been able to observe the transition from surface melt to surface freeze in late August or early September. However, only a few have collected such observations at the melt onset. Hence, on a process level, there are no relevant observations of the melt onset. The ARTofMELT expedition was conceived to rectify this, studying the relationship between this onset and atmospheric rivers.SWEDARCTIC 2023ARTofMEL
Materiality and Architecture Ecologies : A study of the Living Root Bridges in Meghalaya through materiality and post-pastoral perspectives.
No full textThis essay examines the integration of architecture in nature, focusing on the Living Root Bridges of Meghalaya, as a study to explore the relationship between humans, materials, and the environment. The Living Root Bridges, constructed by the indigenous Khasi community using tree roots, offer insight into a sustainable architectural approach where vibrancy of material and ecological integration are central. The study addresses how human-material relationships influence architectural design and its capacity to blend with surrounding environments, drawing on the theoretical framework of materiality to discuss agency and function. Furthermore, the essay situates the Living Root Bridges within a post-pastoral context through the poetry of Khasi poet Kynpham Sing Nongkynrih, exploring themes of environmental degradation, cultural identity, green colonialism and ecological exploitation. By examining the Living Root Bridges, the essay highlights the significance of these bridges in the context of both local identity and broader environmental discourse, highlighting the complexities of human-material relationships in architectural ecologies.