Publikationer från Södertörns Högskola
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What is the current state of police knowledge regarding evidence-based practices during football operations? Is there a gap between research and practice? : A combined study on the Police SPT concept – the Special Police Tactics.
No full textDen här studien undersöker polisens kunskap och tillämpning av evidensbaserade arbetssätt vid fotbollskommenderingar inom den Särskilda Polistaktiken (SPT) i polisregion Stockholm. Resultaten visar att även om många poliser är välbekanta med centrala strategier såsom exkluderingsstrategin och de konfliktreducerande principerna (KRP) så finns det ett tydligt glapp mellan teoretisk kunskap och praktisk tillämpning, särskilt gällande teorier om sociala identiteter (ESIM). Studien identifierar organisatoriska brister och inkonsekventa arbetssätt som ett hinder för effektiv implementering av evidensbaserade arbetssätt. Respondenterna efterfrågar tydligare riktlinjer, bättre utbildning samt ökad samverkan med klubbar och andra externa aktörer för att förbättra polisens effektivitet och legitimitet vid fotbollskommenderingar.This study examines the knowledge and application of evidence-based policing methods within the Special Police Tactics (SPT) framework during football operations in the Stockholm Region. Findings indicate that although many police officers are familiar with key strategies such as the exclusion strategy and conflict reducing principles (KRP), there exists a significant gap between theoretical knowledge and practical application, particularly regarding social identity theories (ESIM). Organizational shortcomings and inconsistent operational practices are identified as significant barriers to effective implementation. Police officers call for clearer guidelines, improved training, and enhanced collaboration with clubs and external stakeholders to increase policing effectiveness and legitimacy at football operations
The Relationship Between Growth and Capital Structure : A Quantitative Empirical Study of Swedish Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises, 2014–2023
No full textBakgrund: Små och medelstora företag (SMF) har en central roll i den moderna ekonomin, och deras val av finansieringsstruktur kan ha stor betydelse för företagens utveckling. Tidigare forskning visar dock motstridiga resultat, där sambanden varierar beroende på kontext, metod och definition av tillväxt. Trots detta är forskningen om kapitalstruktur inom SMF, särskilt i svensk kontext, fortfarande begränsad. Syftet: Syftet med studien är att empiriskt beskriva och analysera om det finns ett samband mellan företagstillväxt och kapitalstruktur inom SMF på den svenska marknaden. Vidare undersöks hur begränsad tillgång till kapitalstruktur och beroende av banklån formar finansieringsstrategier. Teori: I studien används Pecking Order Theory (POT), och Resource-Based Theory (RBT) Metod: Studien baseras på sekundärdata från Retriever Business omfattande 57 851 observationer av svenska SMF under åren 2014-2023. För att analysera sambanden tillämpades flera statistiska metoder såsom deskriptiv statistik, korrelationsanalys samt OLS- och random-effects regressionsanalyser. Resultat och Slutsats: Resultaten från studien indikerar att det generellt inte föreligger något statistiskt signifikant samband mellan tillväxtmåtten det vill säga omsättningstillväxt och vinsttillväxt, och företagens kapitalstruktur mätt genom skuldsättningsgrad, långfristiga och kortfristiga skulder inom svenska SMF. Ett undantag utgör vinsttillväxt, som uppvisar ett signifikant negativt samband med långfristig skuldsättning, vilket indikerar att mer lönsamma företag i högre grad finansierar sin tillväxt med interna medel. Företagsrelaterade faktorer såsom ålder och storlek, liksom branschtillhörighet, har svaga och överlag icke-signifikanta effekter på skuldsättningen och modererar inte signifikant sambandet mellan tillväxt och kapitalstruktur. Dock påverkar branschtillhörighet selektivt skuldsättningsnivåerna, särskilt i kapitalintensiva sektorer. Dessa resultat bekräftar att företagstillväxtens relation till skuldsättning inom denna företagsgrupp är relativt oberoende av företags och branschspecifika faktorer, och kompletterar därmed tidigare teoribaserad forskning med ny kvantitativ evidens.Background: Small and midsized entreprises (SMF) play an essential role in the modern economy, and their choice of capital structure can significantly impact the company’s development. Previous research has shown conflicting results, with relationships varying depending on context, methodology and definition of growth. Despite this, research on capital structure within SMF remains limited, especially in a swedish context. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to empirically describe and analyze whether there is a relationship between capital structure and firm growth within SMF in the Swedish market. Furthermore, the study examines how limited access to capital structure and dependence on bank loans shape financing strategies. Theory: The study employs Pecking Order Theory (POT), och Resource-Based Theory (RBT) Method: The study is based on secondary data from Retriever Business, comprising 57 851 observations of Swedish SMFs during the years 2014-2023. To analyze the relationship, various statistical methods were applied, including descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, as well as OLS- and random-effects regression analyses. Results and conclusion: The study indicates that there is generally no statistically significant relationship between firm growth measured as revenue growth and profit growth and key indicators of capital structure, such as debt ratio, long-term debt, and short-term debt, among Swedish small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). An exception is profit growth, which shows a significant negative association with long-term debt, suggesting that more profitable firms are more likely to finance their growth through internal funds. Firm specific factors such as age and size, as well as industry affiliation, exhibit weak and overall non-significant effects on debt levels and do not significantly moderate the relationship between growth and capital structure. However, industry affiliation selectively influences debt levels, particularly in capital-intensive sectors. These findings confirm that the relationship between firm growth and debt in this group of enterprises is relatively independent of firm and industry specific factors, thereby complementing prior theory-based research with new quantitative evidence
Ingen annan kommer att skydda ditt varumärke om du inte gör det! : Strategier före, under och efter en varumärkeskris
No full textPrevious research has focused heavily on theoretical models for crisis management and communication strategies. There is a limited body of research that empirically examines how crisis management processes are actually designed and implemented within companies, which constitutes the research gap addressed in this study. This study aims to explore how companies with strong brands work to protect their brand before, during, and after a crisis, and to analyze how practice aligns with established theories. The study applies Issues Management Theory, Situational Crisis Communication Theory, Image Repair Theory, and Renewal Theory, which together cover the three phases of a crisis: prevention, response, and recovery. A qualitative method was used, consisting of semi-structured interviews with five respondents from various sectors, including public authorities, privately owned companies, the food industry, and crisis communication experts. Respondents demonstrated varying levels of proactive efforts before a crisis. During a crisis, responsibility taking, rapid response, and tailored communication strategies were emphasized. After a crisis, reflection and improvement were considered important. The findings show clear parallels between theoretical strategies and practical approaches, even though the respondents were largely unaware of the specific theories. Industries serving the general public and consumers tend to have similar crisis management strategies. Effective crisis management involves protecting the brand through empathy, well-developed crisis plans, and strong awareness of external conditions
Att bryta med Gud och hitta Honom igen : En kvalitativ studie om personliga och sociala drivkrafter bakom religiös konversion i unga vuxnas liv
No full textThis study explores religious conversion among young adults in Sweden, focusing on the personal and social factors that drive this process. Based on eight qualitative interviews with individuals who have converted from different religious backgrounds, the study highlights how the participants describe their own conversion, what they see as important influences, and how their earlier upbringing relates to their changed beliefs. The thesis uses Lewis Rambo’s model of religious conversion and Berger and Luckmann’s theory of socialization as its theoretical framework. The analysis follows Braun and Clarke’s (2006) thematic approach, identifying five key themes: the search for meaning, religious upbringing and socialization, life crises, encountering a new religion, and reactions from others. The findings show that conversion is often experienced as a meaningful, existential journey shaped by both personal searching and social relationships. At the same time, the study acknowledges that stories of conversion are shaped in hindsight and reflect how people make sense of their lives. The conclusion is that religious conversion should not be seen as a sudden break from the past, but as an ongoing process where old and new understandings are woven together. The study adds to our understanding of conversion in contemporary Swedish society and suggests further research on the long-term effects of religious conversion on identity, belonging, and everyday life
Hur utbildningsnivå formar eftervåld : En studie i makt och maskulinitet
No full textSyftet med studien var att undersöka hur eftervåldets karaktär påverkas av våldsutövarens utbildningsnivå samt av skillnader i utbildningsnivå inom relationen. Studien använder en kvantitativ metodansats med multinominal logistisk regressionsanalys och utgår från data hämtad från ‘Kvinnors trygghet', en enkätundersökning utförd av SCB (2021). Resultaten visade att våldsutövare med högre utbildningsnivå i högre grad utövade eftervåld på distans, såsom hot och trakasserier. Vidare framkom att kvinnor som hade en högre utbildningsnivå än sin våldsutövande före detta partner i större utsträckning utsattes för en kombinerad eftervåldsform som inkluderar både uppsökande och distanserat eftervåld. Dessa resultat diskuteras utifrån maskulinitetsteori och resursteori, där eftervåld tolkades som ett medel för att upprätthålla makt när alternativa resurser saknas eller när könsmaktsordningen hotas. Studien visar att en hög utbildning inte nödvändigtvis minskar risken att utsättas för eftervåld, utan snare kan påverka våldets karaktär. Slutsatsen är att eftervåldets karaktär formas av sociala resurser och maktobalans, vilket bör beaktas i stöd- och behandlingsinsatser inom socialt arbete.The aim of this study was to examine how the nature of post-separation abuse is influenced by the perpetrator's level of education and by educational discrepancies within the relationship. A quantitative research design was applied using multinomial logistic regression, based on data from ‘Kvinnors trygghet’, a survey conducted by SCB (2021). The results showed that perpetrators with higher level of education were more likely to engage in distanced forms of post-separation violence, such as threats and harassment. Furthermore, women with a higher level of education than their abusive former partner were more frequently exposed to a combined form of post-separation violence, including both direct and distanced forms of abuse. Drawing on masculinity theory and resource theory, these findings suggest that post-separation violence can serve as a strategy to maintain power when other resources are lacking or when the gender hierarchy is perceived as being challenged. The study concludes that a high level of education does not necessarily reduce the risk of post-separation violence, but may instead influence how the violence is expressed. These insights should be considered in the development of support and intervention strategies within social work
Emotional Intelligence for Public Leadership in Times of Uncertainty
No full textGreat effort is needed to survive conflicts, crises and wars. Ensuring resilience of infrastructure and provision of services goes beyond the public servant-sphere norms. Authorities must overcome challenges and proactively deal with emergencies. What makes for resilient public leadership in such situations? Emotional intelligence is one important component and the ability to thrive in times of uncertainty another. Through interviews with public managers in Ukraine and Goleman’s model of emotional intelligence, this study shows how public servants endure turmoil and uncertainty, and manage various emotions during the Russia–Ukraine war. This includes how they make sense of multiple ongoing crises, and use negative energy for self-development and reforms. On an individual level, they help colleagues and the public regulate their emotions and navigate the multiple, and constant, disasters of war
Borders, Security, and Restrictive Policy Shifts in Sweden and Finland
No full textThe Russian invasion of Ukraine and other crises have reactivated national membership issues in the Baltic Sea region. This article analyses recent policy shifts in Sweden and Finland, highlighting a move toward increased conditionality and deportability. In both countries, migration is increasingly framed through security—linked to domestic crime, geopolitical tensions, and the threat from Russia. Sweden’s reforms include abolishing permanent residency for certain groups and introducing “good conduct” requirements, while Finland has enacted emergency border laws and proposed a number of restrictions that will make access to secure residency harder. The study underscores how securitization enables restrictive membership policies.
“Nothing tastes as good as skinny feels” : En semiotisk innehållsanalys av hur kroppsideal och objektifiering har återspeglat sig i tryckt reklam.
No full textThis thesis examines how advertising campaigns have reflected and shaped female body ideals over time, between the years 2000 and 2024. Body ideals have always been a part of society, continuously evolving and often difficult to attain. The thin body ideal is frequently utilized in marketing to drive consumption, as they are strongly associated with attractiveness and serve as a source of credibility. The study draws on Objectification Theory, Social Representation Theory, and Adorno’s Theory of Pseudo-culture to analyze how advertising not only mirrors prevailing norms but also contributes to their creation and reinforcement. Using a semiotic content analysis, selected visual campaigns from Calvin Klein are examined to identify the reproduction and maintenance of body ideals in print advertising. We came to the conclusion that the thin body ideal remains highly dominant in today's marketing of underwear, and is often closely linked to the objectification of the female body. This suggests a continued reproduction and maintenance of the thin ideal within contemporary marketing.
The Short-Term Market Impact of Share Repurchase Announcements
No full textResearch question: How does the announcement of stock repurchases affect short-term stock returns among Swedish Large Cap companies? Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine whether, and to what extent, public announcements of share repurchase programs affect short-term stock price performance among Swedish Large Cap companies during the period 2022–2024. The study investigates this through a comparison between companies that announced repurchases and those that did not, using established financial theories such as signaling theory, agency theory and behavioral finance. Method: This study adopts a quantitative research design based on event study methodology. The empirical analysis is conducted using cumulative abnormal returns (CAR), calculated over three event windows (1–3, 1–5 and 1–10 trading days after the announcement). Analytical methods include independent t-tests, multiple regression analysis, and CAR-index visualization. Data were manually collected from Nasdaq, company press releases and Avanza. Conclusion: The results indicate no statistically significant difference in short-term stock price reactions between companies that announced share repurchases and those that did not, across all event windows. Thus, the findings suggest that, in the Swedish market context, share repurchase announcements do not generate consistent abnormal returns in the short term. This may reflect a limited signaling effect or market skepticism due to macroeconomic uncertainty or managerial motives
När affischer blev livsviktiga : En multimodal studie av myndighets- och organisationsaffischer från/under Covid-19
No full text Denna studie syftar till att undersöka hur svenska myndigheter och organisationer använder multimodal kriskommunikation i digitala affischer för att nå och påverka medborgare under krissituationer. Studien understryker vikten av noggrant utformad multimodal kommunikation i organisationernas krishantering, där både visuell och språklig tydlighet är avgörande för effektiviteten. Genom en kvalitativ multimodal analys, med fokus på visuell och textuell kommunikation, analyseras material från tre svenska myndigheter och organisationer: Myndigheten för samhällsskydd och beredskap (MSB), Folkhälsomyndigheten (FHM), Socialstyrelsen och 1177-vårguiden. Den multimodala analysmetoden med specifikation av den semiotiska visuella analysmetoden och innehållsanalysmetoden användes för att besvara studiens frågeställning utifrån studiens syfte. Därmed analyserades affischerna individuellt och ställdes därefter emot varandra för att finna skillnader och likheter. Vidare framkommer att myndigheternas multimodala strategier i hög grad bygger på att etablera förtroende och trovärdighet hos målgruppen genom konsekvent design och enhetligt formspråk. Studien identifierar också vissa brister, såsom risk för förenklad eller stereotyp representation av målgrupper, vilket potentiellt kan leda till missförstånd eller exkludering. Studiens resultat visar att myndigheterna använder sig av en kombination av bild, färg och kortfattade texter för att skapa tydlig och effektiv kriskommunikation. De visuella elementen förstärker budskapens tydlighet och allvar, samtidigt som språket hålls enkelt och direkt för att maximera budskapens förståelse hos en bred publik