Publikationer från Röda Korsets Högskola
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Social Participation and Mental Health in the Establishment Programme for Newly Arrived Refugees in Sweden—A Document Analysis
No full textNewly arrived refugees and asylum seekers constitute a vulnerable population in terms of health and social conditions due to lived trauma and experiences of loss, as well as factors in the host country such as not speaking the language, not having employment and social exclusion. Studies have shown that many newly arrived refugees find it difficult to establish a sustainable position in the host country’s labour market due to a lack of connections, low levels of education and politi-cal, social and cultural barriers. The Swedish Public Employment Service runs an establishment programme aimed at helping newly arrived refugees to find employment quickly and manage their own livelihoods. In this study, we analyse the administrator support document used by Swedish Public Employment Service case workers in their work with the programme to explore whether and how it considers the participants’ mental health and conditions for social participation. The results show that despite newly arrived refugees being especially vulnerable in terms of mental health, little attention is paid to these aspects, the possible effects they may have on the programme, the participants’ integration into the labour market and Swedish society as a whole
Mitt hjärtas syster : Upplevelser av krig, tortyr och/eller flykt bland kvinnoroch interventioner anpassadeför dem – en litteraturstudie
No full textSyfte: att syntetisera forskning om upplevelser av krig, tortyr och/eller flykt bland kvinnor och kartlägga interventioner som forskning utvecklat och testat för att främja deras hälsa. Metod: två litteraturöversikter genomfördes där 20,548 vetenskapliga artiklar screenades. Totalt inkluderades 26 kvalitativa studier och 13 interventionsstudier; analyserade med tematisk analys, matriser och summerande narrativ. Resultat: kvinnors upplevelser syntetiserades i tre teman: (i) förändrade livsvillkor med utsatthet för diskriminering, våld och död, och strävan efter att överleva och ta hand om familj, (ii) hälsorelaterade konsekvenser till följd av utsatthet för utmanande och krävande situationer, samt (iii) resurser och strategier för att hantera svårigheter. De flesta interventioner testades i genomförbarhets- och pilotstudier där många olika tekniker och komponenter användes. Få studier samverkade med målgruppen. En betydande andel visade förbättringar efter exponering. Deltagare beskrev förbättrad hälsa, ökad egenmakt, minskning av stigmatisering och ökad kunskap. Slutsats och rekommendationer: dessa kvinnor upplevermånga utmaningar samtidigt som de uppvisar motståndskraft. Forskning saknas om anpassade interventioner men visar lovande resultat. Framtida forskning bör involvera målgruppen, utforska kamratstöd, samt identifiera passande utfallsmått och interventionskomponenter. Kliniskt verksamma bör ta hänsyn till målgruppens komplexa problematik samt ta fasta på deras copingstrategier och resurser.Aim: to synthesize research about experiences of war, torture and/or forced migration among women, and map interventions developed and tested in research to promote their health. Methods: two literature reviews were conducted, in which 20,548 articles were screened. In total, 26 qualitative studies and 13 intervention studies were included; analyzed using thematic analysis, tabulations and narratives. Results: women's experiences were synthesized in three themes: (i) changing life conditions with exposure to discrimination, violence and death, and striving to survive and take care of family, (ii) health-related consequences resulting from exposure to challenging and demanding situations, and (iii) resources and strategies for coping with difficulties. Most interventions were tested in feasibility- and pilot studies, in which various techniques and components were used. Few studies involved or collaborated with the target audience. A considerable proportion showed improvements after exposure. Participants described improved health, increased empowerment, reduced stigma, and increased knowledge. Conclusions and recommendations: these women experience many challenges while simultaneously showing substantial resilience. Research is lacking on tailored interventions, but studies show promising results. Future research should collaborate with the target audience, explore peer support, and identify suitable outcomes and intra-intervention components. Professionals should take the complex problems and challenges of the target audience into consideration while utilizing their coping strategies and resources.Mitt hjärtas syste
Operating theatre nurses' with managerial responsibility : Self-reported clinical competence and need of competence development in perioperative nursing
No full textAIM: The aim of this study was to investigate operating theatre nurses (OTNs) with managerial responsibility, and their self-rated clinical competence and need for competence development in perioperative nursing. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was applied using a modified version of Professional Nurse Self-Assessment Scale of Clinical Core Competence I. METHOD: Data were collected from 303 OTNs in Sweden, 80 of whom indicated that they had managerial responsibility. Statistics analysis was used to identify the relationships between background variables to compare OTNs with and without managerial responsibility and their need for competence development. RESULTS: OTNs with an academic degree and managerial responsibility self-rated their clinical competence higher compared with OTNs without an academic degree. It also turned out that OTNs with RN education and 1-year advanced nursing in theatre care, and master's 60 credits had a lower need for competence development in cooperation and consultation, professional development and critical thinking
Post-Migration Stressors and Health-Related Quality of Life in Refugees from Syria Resettled in Sweden
No full textThe link between post-migration stressors and mental ill health is well documented in refugees resettled in high-income host countries, but the consequences of these stressors on refugees’ health-related quality of life (HRQoL) are less known. This study examined the association between post-migration stressors and HRQoL among Syrian adult refugees resettled in Sweden using a preference-based value set obtained from the general Swedish population. A total of 1215 Syrian adults, ages 18–64 years, granted residency in Sweden, responded to a postal questionnaire in 2016 regarding various aspects of their resettlement. The European Quality of Life Five Dimensions Five Level (EQ–5D–5L) questionnaire was used to assess HRQoL through an EQ–5D–5L index score (range; 0=dead to 1=full health). The index score was preference weighted using a Swedish population value set. Predictors were four self-reported post-migration stressors related to daily living in the host country: financial strain, social strain, competency strain and perceived discrimination divided into low, medium and high levels of experienced stress. Multivariable linear regression models were employed to assess the association between post-migration stressors and HRQoL index score, adjusting for potentially traumatic events in the pre- and peri-migration phase as well as sociodemographic confounders/covariates (sex, age, education, civil status, immigration year). The Syrian refugees had a mean EQ–5D–5L index score of 0.863 (SD = 0.145). There was strong evidence of a negative dose-response association in both unadjusted and adjusted models between HRQoL and the post-migration stressors financial strain and social strain—i.e., there was a stepwise, and statistically significant, decrease in HRQoL when going from low to medium to high strain. Competency strain and discrimination were only associated with lower HRQoL when experienced at high levels in fully adjusted models. High exposure to potentially traumatic experiences before or during flight was also associated with lower HRQoL. Syrian refugees resettled in Sweden reported a lower HRQoL than the general Swedish population and lower than age-matched Swedish adults. The present study results point to the possible adverse effects of post-migration stressors on HRQoL
The nurse's work to promote health in patients with type 2 diabetes : A literature review
No full textBackground: Diabetes type 2 is a growing public disease worldwide that is primarily acquired through lifestyle habits, which is why self-care plays a large role in treatment. Untreated type 2 diabetes can lead to serious complications for the patient, which is why the nurse's work is focused on a person-centered approach in education, treatment and communication to support the patient in performing self-care.Aim: To describe how nurses can promote health in patients with type 2 diabetes.Method: General literature review based on a thematic analysis based on nine scientific articles, six quantitative and three qualitative studies.Results: Categories identified in the analysis included person-centered approach, increased self-efficacy and reduced risk of complications.Conclusion: Diabetes type 2 is an already widespread public disease where incidence estimates show a continuous and alarming increase worldwide. In addition, type 2 diabetes poses enormous costs to society. The authors therefore recommend that all nurses, already during basic education, should acquire broader competence in lifestyle and MI in order to more easily meet the growing population of patients with type 2 diabetes. However, research is needed into whether an implementation would be possible
Nurses' experiences of caring for patients with self-injurious behavior : A literature study
No full textBakgrund: Självskadebeteende är ett paraplybegrepp som benämner individer som skadar sig själva. I Sverige hamnar ungefär 4000 män och 7000 kvinnor på akuten på grund av självskador. Forskning visade att flertal av den här patientgruppen har negativa erfarenheter av hälso- och sjukvården på grund av negativa attityder hos vårdpersonal. Flera sjuksköterskor beskrev att de behöver mer kunskap och förståelse för självskadebeteende. Syfte: Syftet med det här arbetet var att sammanställa forskning om sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att vårda patienter med självskadebeteende. Metod: En litteraturstudie genomfördes med hjälp av 11 kvalitativa artiklar som analyserades med integrerad analys. Resultat: Litteraturstudien resulterade i två huvudkategorier; Syn på omvårdnad och interna processer relaterade till omvårdnaden av patienter med självskadebeteende och förutsättningar för att uppnå god omvårdnad av patienter med självskadebeteende. Slutsats: I den här litteraturstudien framkom att flera sjuksköterskor upplever att de möter på flera utmaningar inom deras arbetsmiljö. Merparten av sjuksköterskorna har även uttryckt att har fått psykisk ohälsa på grund av bristande arbetsförhållanden och bristande stöd från ledningen. Sammanfattningsvis visar den här studien att det finns ett ökat behov av kompetens, handledning samt bättre förutsättningar och resurser inom arbetsplatsen för att sjuksköterskorna ska kunna erbjuda personcentrerad vård till patienter med självskadebeteende. Background: Self-injurious behavior is an umbrella term that refers to individuals who harm themselves. In Sweden, approximately 4,000 men and 7,000 women end up in the emergency room due to self-harm. Research showed that the majority of this patient group have negative experiences with nurses due to prejudices and negative attitudes about self-harming behavior. Several nurses described that they need more knowledge and understanding of self-harming behavior. Purpose: The purpose of this work was to compile research on nurses' experiences of caring for patients with self-harming behaviour. Method: A literature study was conducted using 11 qualitative articles that were analyzed using integrated analysis. Results: The literature study is included in two main categories; Views on nursing and internal processes related to the nursing of patients with self-harming behavior and conditions for achieving good nursing of patients with self-harming behavior. Conclusion: In this literature study, it emerged that several nurses feel that they face several challenges within their work environment. Most of the nurses have also expressed that they have suffered from mental illness due to poor working conditions and lack of support from management. In summary, this study shows that there is an increased need for supervision as well as better conditions and resources within the workplace for nurses to be able to offer person-centered care to patients with self-harming behavio
Language barriers in health care : Migrants’ challenge in achieving good health – A literature review
No full textBakgrund: Migranter som söker vård uppger ibland en lägre självskattad hälsa än personer från Sverige. Forskning visar också att ökad migration leder till att fler som inte kan det lokala språket söker vård i värdlandet. Förmågan att lyssna är av mycket stor betydelse för alla som jobbar inom vården, sjuksköterskan behöver kunna lyssna och förstå patientens berättelse om hens unika situation, symtom och upplevelser. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att beskriva migranters erfarenheter av språkbarriärer i mötet med vårdpersonal. Metod: Litteraturöversikt baserat på kvalitativa studier, som valdes utefter syftet. Denna studie följer Polit och Becks modell för litteraturöversikter, som följer nio steg. Resultat: Studien resulterade i två kategorier, Utmaningar i vårdrelationen och Utmaningar i att få stöd till att uppnå optimal hälsa, samt fyra subkategorier: Kommunikation genom professionell tolk, Kommunikation genom informell tolk, Att möta organisatoriska hinder och Att inte kunna förmedla sina omvårdnads- och hälsobehov. Slutsats: Att vara migrant och uppleva språkbarriärer i mötet med vårdpersonal kommer med många utmaningar och besvärande situationer. Det har visat sig att migranter har svårt att tillgodose sig hälso- och sjukvårdens tjänster och användningen av tolk kan innebära problem, det kan anses jobbigt att behöva dela personlig information via en tredje part. Background: Increasing migration leads to more people that don't speak the local language seeking health care in the host country. Migrants from Iraq, for example, have a lower self-estimated health than people from Sweden. The ability to listen is of great importance to everyone who works in health care, nurses need to listen to the patient's narrative about his/her unique situation, symptoms and experience. Adequate communication also has to do with the nurses tutoring and information about the patients’ health issues, medication, or treatment. Prerequisites for good nursing mean, among other things, that the nurse must establish a trusting relationship with the patient and his or her relatives and have the competence to perform nursing measures. Aim: The aim of the study is to describe migrants' experiences of language barriers in the meeting with health care professionals. Method: Literature review based on qualitative studies, which were chosen according to the aim. This study follows Polit and Beck's model for literature studies, which follows nine steps. Result: The study resulted in two categories, Challenges in the care relationship and Challenges in receiving support to achieve optimal health, as well as four subcategories: Communication through a professional interpreter, Communication through an informal interpreter, Meeting organizational barriers and Not being able to communicate their nursing and health needs. Conclusion: Being a migrant and experience language barriers when being in contact with health care professionals comes with many challenges and troublesome situations. It has been shown that migrants have difficulties using health care services and the use of translator can be problematic since many find it difficult to share private information through a third part.
People living with hiv - Experiences of the encounter with the healthcarepersonnel : A qualitative literature study
No full textBackground: The disease HIV was brought to attention in the 1980s. Today, there is effective treatment for the disease that allows a well-treated person to live a long life as others, without the risk of infecting someone. Living with HIV means lifelong contact with healthcare. This put demands on the healthcare personnel, including the nurse, to offer good care and good treatment. Aim: To describe how people living with HIV experience the encounter with the healthcare personnel. Method: A qualitative literature review. The databases CINAHL and PubMed were used to produce ten articles that were analyzed through a qualitative content analysis. Results: Two categories were identified, discriminatory meetings and confirmed meetings. Six subcategories were identified based on the two categories. Conclusions: A prerequisite for good care is a working meeting between the health care personnel and the patient. People living with HIV have experiences of both good and bad encounters with health care personnel. The healthcare personnel need increased knowledge about HIV to improve their encounters with people living with HIV. Bakgrund: Sjukdomen hiv uppmärksammades på 1980-talet. Idag finns det effektiv behandling mot sjukdomen som gör att en medicinskt välbehandlad person kan leva ett lika långt liv som andra, utan risk att smitta någon. Att leva med hiv innebär en livslång kontakt med hälso- och sjukvården. Detta ställer krav på vårdpersonalen inklusive sjuksköterskan att erbjuda en god vård och ett bra bemötande. Syfte: Att beskriva hur personer som lever med hiv upplever mötet med vårdpersonalen. Metod: En kvalitativ litteraturöversikt. Databaserna CINAHL och PubMed användes för att ta fram tio vetenskapliga artiklar som sedan analyserades genom en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Två kategorier identifierades, diskriminerande möten och bekräftade möten. Sex subkategorier identifierades utifrån de två kategorierna. Slutsatser: En förutsättning för god vård är ett fungerande möte mellan vårdpersonal och patient. Personer som lever med hiv har erfarenheter av både bra och dåliga möten med vårdpersonalen. Vårdpersonalen behöver ökad kunskap om hiv för att kunna förbättra mötet med personer som lever med hiv.
Bidragande faktorer till psykisk ohälsa hos ensamkommande barn : En litteraturstudie
No full textBackground: Refugees have existed throughout human history, but in recent times it has become morecommon for children without adult company to arrive at Europe's borders. Most children who have arrived in Sweden in recent years have a background in Somalia, Iraq, Syria, Afghanistan and Eritrea. In 2015 a record number came to Sweden when 35,369 unaccompanied children arrived. During the influx of refugees between 2015 and 2016, an estimated 170,000 children and young people came to Europe's borders and applied for asylum. Aim: Describe contributing factors to mental health problems among unaccompanied refugee children. Method: The purpose of the study is answered with a literature review with a qualitative approach based on 11 scientific articles taken from PubMed and CINAHL. Results: Four themes were identified: Traumatic experiences, Migration process, Agedetermination and Gender. The predominant factors that contributed to mental health problems among the children turned out to be traumatic experiences before and during the migration as well as the protracted migration process. Conclusion: The results of this literature study showed that unaccompanied refugee children have experienced various traumatic events before and during the migration process and face adversity and difficulties in the new country.Bakgrund: Flyktingar har funnits genom mänsklighetens historia men på senare tid har det blivit vanligare att barn utan vuxet sällskap anländer till Europas gränser. De flesta barn som har anlänt till Sverige i de senaste åren har bakgrund i Somalia, Irak, Syrien, Afghanistan och Eritrea. Under 2015 kom det rekordmånga till Sverige när det anlände 35 369 ensamkommande barn. Under flyktingströmmen mellan 2015 och 2016 kom det uppskattningsvis 170 000 barn och unga till Europasgränser och ansökte om asyl. Syfte: Beskriva faktorer som kan bidra till psykisk ohälsa bland ensamkommande barn. Metod: Studiens syfte besvaras med en litteraturöversikt med kvalitativ ansats som grundades på 11 vetenskapliga artiklar som hämtades från PubMed samt CINAHL. Resultat: Fyra teman identifierades: Traumatiska upplevelser, Migrationsprocessen, Åldersbedömning och Genus. De övervägande faktorerna som bidrog till psykisk ohälsa bland barnen visade sig vara traumatiska upplevelser innan och under migrationen samt den utdragna migrationsprocessen. Slutsats: Resultatet i denna litteraturstudie visade att ensamkommande flyktingbarn har varit med om olika traumatiska händelser innan och under migrationens gång samt bemöter motgångar och svårigheter i det nya landet. Alla dessa faktorer bidrar till högre risk för att utveckla psykiska problem
Relatives' experiences of caring for a person with Alzheimer's disease : A literature study
No full textBackground: Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia. The disease includes, amongother things, memory difficulties and impaired orientation. In the later phases of the disease the relative becomes increasingly dependent on others for help. Relatives have an important role in care by helping the relative to manage everyday tasks. Caring for a relative includes many challenges, where nurses have an important supporting role. Aim: The aim of this study was to shed light on relatives' experiences of caring for a loved one with Alzheimer's disease. Method: Qualitative literature review with thematic analysis method. Results: Two themes: To experience a new life situation and To manage a new life situation. Four subthemes: To experience role changes, To feel fear for the future, To find strategies to handle everyday life and Lack of information, knowledge and support. Conclusion: Relatives experienced their new role as overwhelming. Lack of knowledge and support complicates the care of a loved one. Research highlights the importance of focusing on the needs of the relatives and family focused care in health care. More research is needed on relatives' experiences of family-focused nursing in health care