Publikationer från Röda Korsets Högskola
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How children in Sweden accessed and perceived information during the first phase of the Covid-19 pandemic
No full textAIM: To describe how children in Sweden accessed and perceived information about SARS-CoV2 and Covid-19 during the first phase of the outbreak. METHODS: This study is a substudy of an international cross-sectional online mixed methods survey examining elements of children's health literacy in relation to Covid-19. The survey included multiple-choice questions, open-ended questions and drawings and collected information from 50 Swedish children (7-12 years). Data were analysed concurrently on a descriptive level using statistics and content analysis. Quantitative and qualitative data, including the drawings, were considered equally important and resulted in six categories, illuminating how children accessed and perceived information about the pandemic. RESULTS: The survey showed that children accessed information mainly from school but also from TV. They preferred information from reliable sources. Children reported the information they accessed as easy to understand and it prompted them to ask new questions. They reported they knew a lot about the pandemic, for example, the potential danger to themselves and others and how to act to protect themselves and others. They perceived the pandemic as an intrusion on their lives. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that Swedish children between 7 and 12 years old were well informed about SARS-CoV2 and Covid-19 during the first phase of the pandemic. School was shown to be an important source of information. The children could explain how to act to protect themselves and others from becoming infected by the virus
Personers erfarenheter av att drabbas av stroke : En litteraturöversikt
No full textBakgrund: Sjukdomsbördan orsakat av stroke ökar globalt vilket gör detta till ett relevant och viktigt omvårdnadsområde för sjuksköterskor. Konsekvenserna efter stroke innefattar varierande grader av nedsatt funktionsförmåga såväl fysiskt som kognitivt. Fatigue, afasi och depression är vanliga i efter skedet av stroke. Syfte: Att beskriva personers erfarenheter av att drabbas av stroke. Metod: Litteraturstudie med kvalitativ ansats där data har analyserats genom Braun och Clarkes tematiska analys. Resultatet är baserat på tio kvalitetsgranskade artiklar.Resultat: Tre slutgiltiga teman identifierades: förlorad kontroll och identitet, förändrat känsloliv och depression samtvikten av ett tryggt socialt nätverk. Majoriteten av deltagarna beskrev att livet förändrats drastiskt efter stroke, att stöd från närstående var av stor vikt och att händelsen påverkat deras självbild samt identitet. Slutsatser: Personer som drabbats av stroke kan erfara en svår och lång väg tillbaka till återhämtning. Individer erfar att de inte alltid får tillräckligt med stöd och hjälp på vägen att finna sig till rätta i sina liv efter en stroke. Hälso- och sjukvården kan förbättra den personcentrerade vården genom att utföra fler studier kring de psykosociala aspekterna som individer kan uppleva efter en stroke.Background: The burden of stroke is rising globally which makes this a relevant and important subject for nurses. Consequences after stroke vary in its degree of functional ability, both physical and cognitive. Fatigue, aphasia, and depression are common in the aftermath of a stroke. Aim: To describe people and their experiences of suffering a stroke. Method: A literature review using a qualitative approach where the data has been analyzed using a thematic analysis by Braun and Clark. The result is based on ten quality reviewed articles.Result: Three final themes: “the loss of control and identity “, “changed emotional life and depression” and “the importance of a safe social network”. Most participants described the stroke as a dramatic change in their life where support from significant others were important and that the event influenced their self-image and identity. Summary: The journey to recovery for a person who’s suffered a stroke can be long and hard. People don’t always experience enough support or help along the way back to a normal life post stroke. Healthcare can improve person-centered care by conducting more studies about the psychosocial aspects that people who've suffered a stroke can experience.
Nurses’ experiences of caring for patients with delirium in intensive care units : A literature review
No full textBackground: Delirium is a serious complication of care in the ICU and the nurses’ proximity to the patient provides good opportunities for early detection, prevention and treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate nurses' experiences of caring for adult patients with delirium in intensive care units, in order to improve the nursing care for these patients. The chosen method for this was a literature review based on Polit and Becks nine-step model. It was made out of 21 qualitative, quantitative and mixed method studies and the data was analyzed using Braun and Clarkes thematic analysis. Main findings identified by the authors were presented under six themes; it is stressful, the impact of work culture, the impact on the nurses professional role, complicating circumstances, knowledge and attitudes, patients and relatives participation. These led to the conclusions that lack of knowledge, resources and work culture affect the care of delirium at the ICU. The nurse's professional role is also negatively affected and impairs the ability to form a relationship with the patient and his or her relatives. The patient's and the relative's participation is a first step in increasing opportunities for person-centered care and thus improving nursing in the event of delirium at the ICU. As future research, the authors propose empirical studies with interviews of nurses and how they experience person-centered care in intensive care units and how this could be strengthened in relation to delirium.Bakgrund: Delirium är en allvarlig komplikation av vården på IVA och sjuksköterskans närhet till patienten ger goda möjligheter för tidig detektion, prevention och behandling. Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att undersöka sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att vårda vuxna patienter med delirium på intensivvårdsavdelningar, för att kunna förbättra omvårdnaden för denna patientgrupp. Metoden för detta var en litteraturstudie vilken följde Polit och Becks niostegsmodell. Denna gjordes på 21 kvalitativa, kvantitativa och mixade studier och data analyserades med Braun och Clarkes tematiska analys. De huvudfynd författarna identifierade presenterades under sex teman; det är påfrestande, erfarenheter av arbetskulturens påverkan, påverkan på sjuksköterskans yrkesroll, erfarenheter av försvårande omständigheter, kunskap, attityder och hur de påverkar vården samt patienter och anhörigas delaktighet. Dessa ledde fram till slutsatserna att brist på kunskap, resurser samt arbetskulturen påverkar vården vid delirium på IVA. Även sjuksköterskans yrkesroll påverkas negativt och skadar möjligheterna för att skapa en relation med patienten och dennes anhöriga. Patienten och den anhörigas delaktighet är ett första steg för att öka möjligheter till personcentrerad vård och på så sätt förbättra omvårdnaden vid delirium på IVA. Som vidare forskning föreslår författarna empiriska studier med intervjuer av sjuksköterskor och hur de upplever personcentrering på intensivvårdsavdelningar och hur denna hade kunnat stärkas i relation till delirium
Experiences of self-harm behavior among autistic persons and persons with borderline personality disorder : A litterature overview
No full textSyfte: Syftet var att beskriva vilka erfarenheter av självskadebeteende autistiska personer och personer med EIPS har, samt utröna om det finns skillnader mellan dessa grupper. Metod: En litteraturöversikt enligt Polit & Beck. Vetenskapliga artiklar publicerade från 2010 och framåt söktes i databaserna: Cinahl, PubMed och Psycinfo. 12 artiklar inkluderades i arbetets resultat och analyserades enligt Braun och Clark´s kvalitativa tematiska analysmetod. Resultat: I resultatet ingår följande huvudteman: Svårhanterade känslor, strategier mot NSSI eller NSSI som strategi, överbelastade eller domnade sinnen och vården och vårdrelationen. Både likheter och olikheter i erfarenheter hos de båda grupperna synliggörs under dessa teman. Slutsats: Bland autistiska personer var depression den enskilt största riskfaktorn för självskadebeteende medan tomhetskänslor dominerade hos personer med EIPS. Två gemensamma riskfaktorer för självskadebeteende var ångest och alexitymi. Personer med EIPS har ett sjukdomslidande i väntan på bot medans autistiska personer i större utsträckning har ett livslidande som inte kan botas men lindras med anpassningar och stöd. Båda diagnosgrupperna kan drabbas av vårdlidande när omvårdnaden brister. Utbildningsinsatser behövs för att upprätthålla och förnya kunskaperna om självskadebeteende och därmed förbättra omvårdnaden. Fortsatt forskning: Framtida forskning bör fokusera på autism och självskadebeteendeAim: To describe experiences of self-harm among autistic people and people with EIPS, and to find out if there are differences between these groups. Method: A literature review according to Polit & Beck. Scientific articles published from 2010 onwards were searched in the databases: Cinahl, PubMed and Psycinfo. 12 articles were included in the result part, and analyzed with Braun & Clark's qualitative thematic analysis method. Results: The result included four main themes: Difficulties to manage emotions, strategies against NSSI or NSSI as a strategy, overloaded or numb senses and care and caring relationship. Similarities and differences between the two groups became visible. Conclusion: Two risk factors for self-harming behavior were anxiety and alexithymia. People with EIPS have a suffering related to illness with hope for a cure. Autistic people have a greater extent of suffering related to life, that cannot be cured but alleviated with adaptations and support. Both diagnostic groups can suffer related to care when nursing is deficient. Systematic education is needed to maintain and renew knowledge about self-harming behavior to improve nursing care. Further research: Further research should focus on autism and self-harming behavior
Regional care programs for dependency disorders : may contain traces of caring
No full textBakgrund: Beroendeproblematik är utbrett i samhället, och orsakar mycket ohälsa och lidande. Synen på personer med beroendeproblematik är skiftande. Skalan går från att se beroende som en sjukdom, till att se de drabbade som moraliskt bristfälliga personer som har sig själva att skylla. Vården styrs via riktlinjer och policydokument. Vilken människosyn som uttrycks i dokument som vårdprogram inom beroendevård är sällan problematiserad. Det finns risk för att omvårdnaden kan påverkas beroende på hur synen på personer med beroendeproblematik signaleras från regional nivå. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur personer med beroendeproblematik framställs i regionala vårdprogram inom beroendevård. Metod: En kritisk diskursanalys utfördes på regionala vårdprogram inom beroendevård. Resultat: Flera diskurser framträdde i materialet, dessa rörde bland annat kriminalitet, utanförskap, kontroll, motivation, samt omvårdnad. Frekvent förekommande nyckelord identifierades och problematiserades. Slutsats: Regionala vårdprogram är inte undantagna tendensen att stigmatisera denna patientgrupp. Ett omvårdnadsperspektiv saknas ofta i dokumenten. Inte sällan uttrycks att personerna får rätta sig i ledet och försöka bevisa sin skötsamhet. Undantag finns, och de behöver bli fler för att detta synsätt ska kunna utmanas.Background: Substance dependence is widespread in society and causes considerable suffering and ill health. Attitudes towards persons with substance use disorder (SUD) are diverse, and range from the concept of addiction as a disease to the view that persons with SUD are morally lacking and only have themselves to blame. Health services are governed by guidelines and policy documents. The views expressed in documents such as care programs within addiction medicine, are seldom assessed. Nursing is at risk of being affected, depending on how attitudes towards persons with SUD are communicated from a county council. Aim: The aim of this study was to examine how persons with substance use disorder are depicted in regional care programs within addiction health care. Method: A critical discourse analysis was applied to regional care programs in addiction health care. Results: Several discourses were identified, regarding criminality, marginalisation, control, motivation, and nursing. Frequently used keywords were identified and problematised. Conclusions: Regional care programs are not exempt from the tendency to stigmatise persons with SUD. A nursing perspective is often missing from these documents. Persons with SUD have to toe the line and try to prove that they are well-behaved. There are exceptions to these representations, and more exceptions are needed to challenge the prevailing perspective
It’s the eggs that expire, not the hen : The importance of health education during menopause
No full textBackground: Menopause is a natural part of life which can affect a woman's physical and mental health. Women's experience and knowledge of menopause varies globally, and insufficient knowledge can lead to unnecessary suffering. Knowledge of the menopause is important, both for the women themselves and for the healthcare system in order to guide the women to appropriate self-care methods, which can be crucial to health in this new phase of life. Purpose: The aim was to account for the effect health education, has on health and quality of life onwomen in menopause. Method: A general literature study consisting of quantitative studies which included four randomized controlled studies, five quasi and one semi-experimental study, without a control group. Results: The results showed that the knowledge that the women acquired during the educational interventions had a positive effect by improving the women's awareness and attitude towards the menopause, which empowered them to improve their lifestyles, and through this develop an increased health and thus a better quality of life. Conclusion: Knowledge is the key to an improved quality of life. Through a structured education, the nursing care can increase the awareness and knowledge of women regarding their self-care during the menopause. This strengthens women's autonomy and is cost-effective for healthcare
Institutional Constraints as an Obstacle for Prioritizing Nursing Interventions During the COVID-19 Pandemic—Critical Care Nurses’ Experiences
No full textIntroduction: The demands of the pandemic such as staff shortages and limited resources combined with new guidelines regarding infection control may have required the prioritizing of nursing interventions. Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe critical care nurses’ experiences of prioritizing nursing interventions for patients with COVID-19 in intensive care units (ICUs) during the pandemic. Method: A qualitative descriptive study was gathered from open-ended questions included in a cross-sectional online questionnaire. Characteristics were presented using descriptive statistics, and open-ended questions were analyzed using qualitative content analysis with an inductive approach. The study was conducted in Sweden and focused on critical care nurses working in ICUs during spring 2021 and the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: During the COVID-19 pandemic, 87% of the critical care nurses had provided orientations for new co-workers, and 52% had supervised intensive care nursing students. In all, 70 answered the question of whether they had prioritized nursing care differently during the pandemic; 86% reported that they had and 14% had not. The qualitative analysis resulted in one theme, Institutional constraints as an obstacle for nursing interventions, with three categories: Prioritizing lifesaving interventions, Performing nursing interventions less frequently, and Not able to provide the nursing care I wish to provide. Conclusion: Institutional constraints as an obstacle for nursing interventions is the overall theme. It illustrates how critical care nurses have been forced to prioritize, thereby not being able to provide the nursing interventions they wanted to do provide, and it describes their feelings in this situation. The nurses need recovery and possibilities for reflection. The organization must also recover and not only return to how it was before the pandemic but also to learn from recent events and take actions to reduce the long-term effects on staffing
Significant others participation in palliative home care : A literature study
No full textBakgrund: I och med en åldrande befolkning behöver palliativ hemsjukvård utvecklas och närståendes roll bli mer central. Närstående deltar i den palliativa hemsjukvården genom att stödja personen under hela vårdförloppet och bidrar till ökat välbefinnande för personen under livets slutfas. Syftet: Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva närståendes erfarenheter av delaktighet i palliativ hemsjukvård. Metod: En litteraturstudie med kvalitativ ansats som följer Polit och Becks niostegsmodell samt Braun och Clarks tematiska analys. Material hämtades från databaserna CINAHL samt PubMed. Resultat: Resultatet redovisar tre teman: förståelse och delaktighet, delaktighetens utmaningar samt närvaro i samband med döden. Slutsats: Närståendes erfarenheter av delaktighet inom palliativ hemsjukvård påverkas av flertalet faktorer, i synnerhet personens tillstånd, närståendes förkunskap och självkänsla samt stöd från professionella. Bristande kunskap medför emotionell stress och oro för närstående. Genom att beskriva närståendes erfarenheter kan förståelsen för deras fysiska, psykiska, och emotionella behov öka. Förståelsen är central för att kunna erbjuda lämpligt stöd och öka vårdkvaliteten.Background: With an aging population, palliative home care needs to be developed and the role of significant others become more central. Significant others participate in the palliative home health care by supporting the person throughout the care process and contribute to increased well-being for the person during the final phase of life. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe significant others experiences of participation in palliative home care. Method: A literature study with a qualitative approach that follows Polit and Beck's nine-step model and Braun and Clark's thematic analysis. Material was retrieved from the databases CINAHL and PubMed. Results: The result presents three themes: understanding and participation, the challenges of participation and presence in connection with death. Conclusion: Significant others experiences of participation in palliative home care are influenced by several factors, the person's condition, significant others' prior knowledge and self-esteem, as well as support from professionals. Lack of knowledge causes emotional stress and anxiety for significant others. By describing the experiences of significant others', the understanding of their physical, mental, and emotional needs can increase. The understanding is central to being able to offer appropriate support and increase the quality of care
Nurses’ encounters with persons suffering frommental ill-health in primary care : A qualitative literature study
No full textBackground: Mental ill-health is a globally growing public health problem. Primary care is usually the first care contact for people with mental ill-health. Stigmatization from nurses' can give rise to people with mental ill-health refraining from seeking care and feelings of being ridiculed. The nurses' treatment in primary care is an important component for preventive and health-promoting work and there seems to be potential for development. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe nurses' encounters with people with mental ill-health in primary health care. Method: The qualitative literature study was conducted with qualitative and quantitative original articles. The 10 scientific articles included in this study were found in two databases, CINAHL and PubMed. Content analysis was used for data analysis. Results: The analysis resulted in two categories 1) The importance of a good treatment in the meeting with people with mental ill-health, with subcategories: to minimize stigma, to adapt communication. 2) The nurses' challenges in primary care with subcategories: to expand knowledge and resources, to introduce preventive measures in primary care. Conclusion: The literature study can hopefully contribute to an increased understanding of nurses' experiences of meeting people with mental illness. The study reports factors that affect the care meeting as well as preventive measures that prevent suffering and promote health. Nurses in primary care should be offered competence development to apply a more person-centered approach. This is for the implementation of health promotion and disease prevention measures for people suffering from mental ill-health
Äldre patienters erfarenheter av e-hälsa : En kvalitativ litteraturöversikt
No full textBakgrund: E-hälsa är en term inom vården som beskriver kombinationen av datorvetenskap och medicin. Användning av e-hälsa kan öka patienternas delaktighet i sin vård samt möjliggöra en förbättrad egenvård. Sjuksköterskor har upplevt att äldre patienter ofta uttrycker brist på intresse för e-hälsan. Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka äldre patienters erfarenheter av e-hälsa. Metod: Litteraturöversikt med kvalitativ ansats som inkluderade 11 artiklar. Resultat: Fyra övergripande teman identifierades; Utmaningar vid användningen av e-hälsa, brist på intresse för digital vård, förbättrad egenvård med hjälp av e-hälsoverktyg och behov av hjälp och support. Resultatet visade att äldre patienterna erfor svårigheter och osäkerhet vid användningen av e-hälsoverktyg. I detta var stöd från hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal eller anhöriga väsentligt. E-hälsa kunde samtidigt stärka förmågan till egenvård och öka självständigheten hos patienterna. Slutsats: E-hälsa kan ses som ett hjälpmedel för god egenvård och ökad delaktighet för äldre patienter, samtidigt uppmärksammas svårigheter gällande kunskap och användning. Sjuksköterskor har en viktig roll i att utbilda och stötta patienterna i utmaningarna de möter inom e-hälsa. Vidare forskning om äldre patienters och sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av e-hälsa behövs för en bättre förståelse för äldre patienternas behov