Publikationer från Mälardalens högskola
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KOMPA : Kompetens och kompatibilitet mellan människa och AI i HR-arbete
No full textFinansierad av Svenska ESF-rådets nationella utlysning24-014:Förstudie om AI och arbetsmarknaden.</p
Collaborative Noticing of Multimodality in Language Classroom Interaction : A Telecollaboration Project Between Student‐Teachers of English in Sweden and Japan
No full textTelecollaboration in pre-service teacher education promotes intercultural communicative competence and bridges knowledge and practice. Although a growing body of studies has addressed the affordances of telecollaboration for developing student-teachers' (STs') competencies, research focusing on their knowledge of classroom interaction—and on multimodal aspects of classroom interaction in particular—is scarce. Using multimodal conversation analysis (MCA), we address this research gap by investigating the affordances of telecollaboration between STs in Sweden and Japan to notice multimodal aspects of language classroom interaction. The study comes from a “parallel-course project” that aimed to design and conduct telecollaborative tasks within the context of two pre-service English language teacher education courses in Sweden and Japan. The participants (N = 12) met online and worked on video-based tasks using authentic classroom videos. They were grouped to conduct four online sessions (202 min of screen recordings) for analyzing classroom videos and transcriptions. Using MCA, a collection of 51 cases where STs notice and discuss multimodal aspects of teaching was compiled. The findings show that this telecollaboration allowed the STs to notice multimodal aspects of language classroom interaction, including teachers' gestures, gaze, and facial expressions in Japanese and European contexts. We demonstrate that the tasks facilitate collaborative noticing, enactment, and functional description of pedagogical gestures. The tasks also allowed the STs to discuss similarities and differences between the pedagogical cultures, contributing to their awareness of classroom interactional competence. Our study addresses a methodological gap in telecollaboration research by employing MCA. Implications for telecollaboration and curricula in language teacher education, as well as for using conversation analysis as a research methodology, will be given
Environmental Impacts of the European Energy Crisis : Focus on Germany
No full textThis thesis examines the environmental and structural impacts of the European energy crisis on Germany’s energy system between 2020 and 2024. Using data from AG Energiebilanzen (AGEB), BMWK, BDEW, and Eurostat, it analyses how disrupted Russian fossil-fuel imports, emergency policy responses, and market conditions reshaped primary energy consumption, import dependency, and the progression of Germany’s renewable energy transition. Results show that total primary energy consumption declined continuously, falling by about 1.1 % in 2024 compared with 2023. This reduction, however, was largely driven by high energy prices, milder weather, weak economic performance, and stored energy from the previous year rather than by efficiency improvements or rapid renewable growth. The ratio of domestic production to total consumption remained nearly constant, reflecting continued structural dependence on imports. Renewables expanded gradually, reaching around 20 % of total primary energy and just over 50 % of electricity generation by 2024. Greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions declined in parallel with energy demand, but mainly for cyclical reasons rather than structural decarbonisation. Germany’s crisis response—LNG expansion, supplier diversification, and temporary coal use—ensured short-term energy stability but achieved limited environmental progress. Long-term sustainability will depend on faster renewable integration, grid modernisation, and deeper policy reform
TRANSKULTURELL OMVÅRDNAD : En allmän litteraturöversikt ur sjuksköterskeperspektiv
No full textSAMMANFATTNING Bakgrund: Den ökande kulturella mångfalden inom hälso- och sjukvården medför både möjligheter och utmaningar. Transkulturell omvårdnad innebär att sjuksköterskan förstår och respekterar patientens kulturella värderingar, trosuppfattningar och vanor för att kunna ge kulturkongruent och personcentrerad vård. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av transkulturell omvårdnad. Metod: En litteraturöversikt genomfördes baserad på tolv vetenskapliga artiklar – tio kvalitativa, en kvantitativ och en med mixad metod. Analysen utfördes med en modell för litteraturöversikt Resultat: Fem huvudteman identifierades: språkbarriärer, kulturella utmaningar i omvårdnadspraxis, resursbrist samt relationsbyggande och kompetensutveckling. Sjuksköterskor upplevde svårigheter i kommunikationen, etiska utmaningar och stress till följd av kulturella skillnader, men betonade samtidigt vikten av empati, respekt och kulturell medvetenhet i mötet med patienter från olika bakgrunder. Slutsats: Transkulturell omvårdnad kräver tid, utbildning och organisatoriskt stöd för att sjuksköterskor ska kunna erbjuda jämlik, trygg och respektfull vård. En stärkt kulturkompetens bidrar till förbättrad kommunikation, ökat förtroende och högre kvalitet i omvårdnaden. Nyckelord: Erfarenheter, kulturkompetens, Litteraturöversikt, Sjuksköterskor, Transkulturell omvårdnad
Fysioterapeuters erfarenhet av att samarbeta med tolk : En kvalitativ studie
No full textBackground: Language barriers in healthcare can negatively affect communication, patient safety, and treatment outcomes. For physiotherapists in primary care, where communication is central to rehabilitation, the use of interpreters can present both opportunities and challenges. Aim: The aim of this study was to explore physiotherapists experiences of collaborating with interpreters in primary care. Method: The study used a qualitative design with an inductive approach. Data were collected through ten semi-structured interviews with physiotherapists experienced in working with interpreters. The material was transcribed and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Result: Three main categories were identified: the role and professionalism of the interpreter, conditions and challenges of different interpreting methods, and communication. Participants emphasized that interpreters with professionalism and competence are crucial for the quality of the encounter. The choice between on-site and telephone interpreting mainly affected the flow of the conversation and patient comfort. Communication was challenged by language limitations, cultural differences, and time constraints. Conclusion: Physiotherapists experiences of collaborating with interpreters in primary care are influenced by several factors. Professional interpreters are preferred over ad hoc interpreters to ensure neutrality. On-site interpreters facilitate practical tasks, while telephone interpreters can enhance anonymity. Patients’ ability to make behavioral changes is affected by the support of both the physiotherapist and the interpreter, as well as individual factors such as self-efficacy and outcome expectations. Effective interpreter collaboration may be important for patient engagement and rehabilitation success. Keywords: Physiotherapy, primary care, language barriers, healthcare interpretin
Mellan yrkesroll och personliga erfarenheter : En kvalitativ studie om den komplexa vardagen i arbetet med alkoholproblematik.
No full textThe purpose of this study is to use interviews to examine rreatment provider’s perceptions of working with clients who have alcohol problems. The study also aims to highlight whether the treatment providers own view on alcohol has changed in different contexts, such as in their private lives, in their professional roles, and in their relationship to colleagues. The study is based on semi structured interviews with six professional treatment providers, which were analyzed using a thematic approach to identify common themes. The results show that working with alcohol is experienced as complex and emotionally demanding where the relationship whit the client is a central part of the treatment process. The treatment providers describe how professional boundaries, collegial support and opportunities for recovery are crucial for sustaining their professional role over time. The study also shows that the work affects the treatment provider own attitudes towards alcohol, were increased awareness and reflection often lead to changed attitudes in their private lives as well. Overall, the study highlights how the professional role of treatment providers characterized by the balance between professional responsibility, personal influence and organizational conditions
Intensivundervisning i matematik : Speciallärare och lärares upplevelser och erfarenheter kring organisation, hinder och möjligheter
No full textI denna studie valde vi att undersöka, redogöra för och analysera hur arbetet med intensivundervisning i matematik i grundskolan organiseras och genomförs. Examensarbetet bidrog med ökad förståelse och fördjupad kunskap om intensivundervisning, vilket är ett betydelsefullt kunskapsområde inom det specialpedagogiska fältet och för speciallärare i matematik. Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur intensivundervisning i matematik organiserades och genomfördes i praktiken samt vilka organisatoriska och pedagogiska faktorer lärare och speciallärare upplevde som stödjande eller hindrande i arbetet med intensivundervisning i matematik. Teoretiskt sett utgick studien från Bronfenbrenners ekologiska systemteori och RTI-modellen. Studien hade en kombination av två datainsamlingsmetoder där semistrukturerade intervjuer och enkäter användes. Studiens resultat visade att intensivundervisning i matematik uppfattades som en specialpedagogisk insats som pågår under en begränsad tid för att hjälpa elever att utveckla sina kunskaper och används när svårigheter upptäcks. Resultatet visade också att det är viktigt att skolor arbetar strukturerat med insatsen och att det finns organisatoriska förutsättningar. Respondenter talade om brist på tid, rutiner och personal vilket gör att insatsen kan utebli och rutinen faller. Respondenterna berättade också om intensivundervisningens påverkan på elever. Ökad motivation, aktivt deltagande och självförtroende nämndes som viktig utveckling hos eleven. Studiens resultat visade även vikten av samarbete mellan lärare och speciallärare men också samarbete med elev och vårdnadshavare. Slutsatsen var att intensivundervisning kan vara en effektiv stödinsats men för att den ska fungera optimalt krävs struktur, samverkan och ledningsstöd
Optimizing Production flow & Component Logistics : Master Thesis Advanced level, 30 credits.Product and Process Development.
No full textIntroduction: Small and medium sized enterprises (SME) struggle with maintaining production and logistics efficiencies. When working in production, strategic planning is esential to have. However, would the organization plan production by pen and paper? By an advanced ERP system? Or by a simple MRP system? Purpose: The purpose of this study is to prepare an Small and medium-sized (SME) for the implementation of an MRP or ERP system through the lean approach. Q1: Which of the ERP or MRP systems is most suitable for a small and medium-sized enterprise (SME), and what preparations are required in production and inbound logistics to implement the selected system? Q2: How can lean tools optimize production flow and inbound logistics in a Small and medium-sized enterprise (SME)? Method: This paper uses a mixed-method strategy was utilized for data collection in this project. The qualitative data collection was done through internal and external interviews, where the internal interviews were conducted in the case company to find both bottle necks and the dream scenario of the desired state. The external interviews were conducted with engineers that work within the field of ERP and MRP. And one interview occurred with a senior lecturer to collect theoretical insights. The project group followed the production and created Value Stream Mapping for each product family, to further reveal the unnoticed bottlenecks. In the analysis of the case company, the project group created a GAP- analysis to find the GAP between the initial state of the company and the desired state of the company in the purpose of improving the initial state and strive after desired state. The conclusion of the case study is: organization looking for implementing new technology should know their current processes and improve them before implementing a new technology such as ERP or MRP II. The second statement is that all the organizations have different needs to what strategy to use when improving existing processes. The third statement is that organization should know their purpose of why it is implementing the technology to be able to choose the right system
The use of strategic cost management to understand the real cost of part numbers.
No full textAbstract Date: 9th June 2025 Level: Master Thesis in Product- and Process development, advanced level, 30 ECTS Institution: Mälardalen University, School of Innovation, Design and Engineering. Authors: Tarik Dobrev Melissa Kride 13th of July 2001 1th of July 2001 Title: The use of strategic cost management to understand the real cost of part numbers. Keywords: Strategic cost management, Cost drivers, Value chain analysis, Activity based costing. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to investigate how strategic cost management can be used to analyze real costs for part numbers (PN) within a product throughout the lifecycle. Research questions: RQ1: What are the cost drivers of part numbers during the different phases of its life cycle? RQ2: How can strategic cost management help in analyzing different cost drivers of part numbers within its life cycle? Method: The method of this study is a deductive approach with a deductive content analysis. Furthermore, the study is a single case study that consists of both quantitative and qualitative data, which are collected through semi- and unstructured interviews from various respondents. The study included the research of scientific resources in order to create the theoretical framework with relevant theories. Conclusion: In conclusion, strategic cost management can be used in order to identify and quantify different cost drivers such as administrative costs, time pressure and development costs, which is possible by the different pillars of SCM: Value chain analysis, strategic positioning and cost driver analysis such as the ABC-method.Sammanfattning Datum: 9 Juni 2025 Nivå: Examensarbete i Produkt- och Processutveckling, avancerad nivå, 30 hp Institution: Mälardalens Universitet, Akademin för Innovation, Design och Teknik. Författare: Tarik Dobrev Melissa Kride 13 juli 2001. 1 juli 2001 Titel: Användningen av strategisk kostnadshantering för att förstå de verkliga kostnaderna av artikelnummer. Sökord: Strategisk kostnadshantering, Kostnadsdrivare, Värdeflödesanalys, Aktivitetsbaserad kostnadskalkyl. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur strategisk kostnadshantering kan användas för att analysera riktiga kostnader för artikelnummer inom en produkt genom dess livscykel. Frågeställningar: 1. Vilka är kostnadsdrivarna för artikelnummer under de olika faserna av dess livscykel? 2. Hur kan strategisk kostnadshantering hjälpa att analysera olika kostnadsdrivare för artikelnummer inom dess livscykel? Metod: Metoden i denna studie är en deduktiv ansats med en deduktiv innehållsanalys. Denna studie är en fallstudie som består av både kvantitativ och kvalitativ data, vilket har samlats in genom semi- och ostrukturerade intervjuer från olika respondenter. Studien inkluderar även vetenskapliga artiklar för att konstruera den teoretiska referensramen med relevanta teorier. Slutsats: Sammanfattningsvis kan strategisk kostnadshantering användas för att identifiera och kvantifiera olika kostnadsdrivare såsom administrativ kostnad, tidspress och utvecklingskostnader, vilket är möjligt genom de olika pelarna inom SCM:
ANPASSNING OCH MOTSTÅND : En hermeneutisk studie av arabiska kvinnors upplevelser av mötet mellan ursprungskultur och arbetslivets normer i Sverige
No full textDenna uppsats undersöker hur utrikes födda kvinnor från Mellanöstern upplever mötet mellan sina ursprungskulturella normer och de normer som råder på svenska arbetsplatser. Genom kvalitativa intervjuer och en hermeneutisk ansats belyser studien det komplexa mötet, samt integrationens utmaningar och möjligheter. Resultaten analyseras med utgångspunkt i Ulrich Becks begrepp om individualisering och risksamhälle, Anthony Giddens begrepp om reflexivitet och det reflexiva projekt, samt Pierre Bourdieus teori om habitus, fält och kapital. Resultatet visar att kvinnorna befinner sig i ett spänningsfält mellan anpassning och motstånd, där identitet och tillhörighet ständigt förhandlas. Deras integrationsprocesser formas både av strukturella hinder och personliga drivkrafter, och präglas av ett reflexivt förhållningssätt till både det gamla och det nya. Studien visar också att integration inte är en ensidig process, utan kräver en ömsesidig anpassning från såväl individ som samhälle.This thesis investigates how immigrant women from the Middle East perceive the intersection between their cultural norms of origin and the prevailing norms within Swedish workplaces. Employing a qualitative methodology and a hermeneutic approach, the study illuminates the complexities inherent in this cultural encounter, as well as the challenges and opportunities associated with integration. The analysis is grounded in Ulrich Beck’s theories of individualization and the risk society, Anthony Giddens’ concepts of reflexivity and the reflexive project, and Pierre Bourdieu’s theoretical framework of habitus, field, and capital. The findings reveal that the women navigate a dynamic tension between adaptation and resistance, wherein notions of identity and belonging are continuously renegotiated. Their integration trajectories are shaped by both structural barriers and personal agency, and are marked by a reflexive engagement with both their cultural heritage and the new societal context. The study further emphasizes that integration is not a unilateral process; rather, it necessitates mutual adaptation on the part of both the individual and the host society.