Publikationer från Karlstads Universitet
Not a member yet
46094 research outputs found
Sort by
AAC in preschool : A study of how Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) can support children’s opportunities to communicate
No full textSyftet med denna studie är att kartlägga pedagogers syn på och användande av alternativ och kompletterande kommunikation (AKK) och dess roll för barns möjlighet till kommunikation i praktiken. Studien undersöker i vilken utsträckning pedagoger använder AKK och vilka möjligheter och utmaningar de upplever i sitt dagliga arbete. Detta är relevant då forskning inom ämnet är begränsad samtidigt som det visat att det finns skillnader i pedagogers användande av AKK.Studien genomfördes med en digital enkät som besvarades av 30 pedagoger i svenska förskolor. Enkäten bestod av både öppna och slutna frågor som analyserades deskriptivt och genom kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Det insamlade materialet analyserades genom ett sociokulturellt perspektiv där mediering, den proximala utvecklingszonen och appropriering var i fokus. Resultatet visar att majoriteten av respondenterna använder AKK frekvent i verksamheten, framför allt kroppsspråk, gester, TAKK och bildstöd. AKK används främst i strukturerade situationer såsom samling, måltider och rutiner. Respondenterna ser AKK som ett språkfrämjande och inkluderande verktyg som skapar tydlighet, trygghet och möjliggör kommunikation för alla barn. Mer än hälften av respondenterna använder AKK både för hela barngruppen och individuellt vilket tyder på en medvetenhet om både kollektiv inkludering och individuella behov. De främsta utmaningarna pekar mot att vara organisatoriska. Bristen på tid för planering, material, utbildningar samt samsyn i arbetslaget. Slutsatsen är att AKK är ett väl fungerande verktyg, men systematiskt arbete kräver organisatoriskt stöd genom tid, utbildning och gemensamma rutiner för att kunna genomföras effektivt i förskolans praktik.
Read-Aloud in Preschools: Preschool Teacher´s Experiences of Digital and Analog Reading Format : A Study on Preschool Teacher´s experiences of both Analog and Digital Books
No full textThe purpose of this study is to shed a light to the experiences preschool teachers have regarding the using of digital reading aids and analog books when reading aloud. The study’s starting point is a qualitative approach with semi-structured interviews where seven preschool teachers participated. The material collected through the interviews was then analyzed with a thematic analysis. The theoretic approach used in the study is the sociocultural perspective and the concepts that has been focused on are artefacts, mediating tools and the zone of proximal development. The result shows that all preschool teachers who were interviewed consider reading aloud as a central part of the education and as an important tool for the children’s language development, imagination and the work with moral values. Through the actions of the characters in the literature possibilities are created to develop the children’s empathy and understanding of social relationships. Furthermore, the changes to the curriculum regarding digital tools has created some uncertainty amongst the preschool teachers and how they should use these tools in the education. This, in combination with unclear directives from the principal affects the usage of digital tools. Digital reading tools such as Polyglutt are perceived as useful when there is a clear educational purpose whilst analog books are generally described as creating a larger commitment and focus with the children. In conclusion the study shows that the active role and the choice of reading tool the educator make is integral to make reading aloud meaningful and developing for the children
Being a Swedish university student in a country far away : a qualitative study
No full textBackgroundIn Sweden, during the school years of 2021/22, 11,900 women and 8,100 men chose to spend a semester abroad; however, there has been little research on how they experience their time abroad and what difficulties they might face. Some studies have shown that Swedish exchange students consume alcohol to a higher degree and indulge in risky sexually behaviour while on exchange studies. Therefore, our aim was to explore Swedish exchange students' experiences from a semester abroad.MethodsA qualitative design with semi-structured interviews. Eleven students who had spent parts of their education abroad participated in the study. A qualitative content analysis was used to analyse the data.ResultsThe exchange students experienced stress due to a high workload and found that cultural differences could be both frustrating and fascinating. Some exchange students experienced minor illnesses and homesickness. The exchange students expressed a responsible view on sex and emphasized using protection against STIs while engaging in casual sex. Some enjoyed drinking alcohol to varying degrees and meeting new friends while abroad. However, they rarely engaged in excessive drinking; instead, they adopted a more spontaneous and social drinking pattern. Some experienced violence, such as robbery and harassment, and most took several safety measures, including being extra careful to lock their doors, not going out alone, and using public transport instead of taxis.ConclusionSwedish exchange students described stress and casual alcohol consumption as common experiences. They emphasized the importance of STI protection as well as safety measures to avoid exposure to violence. Reports of alcohol consumption, casual sex, violence, minor illnesses, and homesickness highlight the challenges faced during exchange studies. These findings indicate potential risks associated with being an exchange student
“Metoo is the best thing that has happened to our industry” : A qualitative interview study of work culture, silence and change following #metoo in the Swedish film and television industry
No full textThe Metoo movement in the autumn of 2017 contributed many lessons and insights. It became evident that the television and film industry had long been characterized by a culture of silence, hierarchical structures and sexual harassment. Since then, organizational restructuring, new routines and increased awareness of workplace conditions have contributed to structural changes. Despite the strong impact of the Metoo movement, previous research remains limited with regard to individual accounts and how #Metoo has affected the industry on a deeper level. The study is therefore based on qualitative semi-structured interviews with eight respondents, women and men in professional roles such as director, set designer and producer, all of whom have been active in the industry since before Metoo emerged. This study examines how respondents perceive organizational culture to be influenced by underlying power systems manifested through silence and insecurity, and how these conditions have changed in relation to the period prior to Metoo. The study also highlights which changes in jargon, attitudes and leadership are perceived to have occurred after Metoo, and which appear to persist. Finally, it explores which factors today enable or hinder individuals from speaking out about misconduct in a project-based industry. A consistent focus of the study is the role that media attention and #Metoo have played in the process of change, and how this has in turn created pressure on organizations to take responsibility and act. Overall, the study shows that Metoo constitutes a clear turning point in the industry and that mediatization has played a decisive role in the change processes that followed, despite the fact that several structural challenges remain. Who dares to speak out is influenced by position, experience and dependency – and although conditions have improved, the industry is still characterized by an identifiable culture of silence. The empirical material highlights several examples of how the industry can continue to develop
Nurses' Experiences of Caring for Children on Long-Term Mechanical Ventilation
No full textBackground The number of children with long-term home mechanical ventilation (LTV) is increasing globally. Parents become experts on their children's needs and sometimes know more about LTV treatment than non-specialist healthcare professionals. Nurses caring for LTV-dependent children in intensive care settings adjust to a collaborative caregiving role; however, this interaction has not been described in general paediatric wards.Aim To describe nurses' experiences of caring for children and adolescents with established LTV at general paediatric wards.Study Design We conducted individual semi-structured interviews with 15 participants and analysed the data using qualitative content analysis.Findings The study resulted in three categories: 'Building a relationship', 'Working hand in hand with the family', and 'Doing one's best despite the LTV', interpreted into the theme 'Working for reciprocal trust despite frail confidence', which can be seen as foundational to nursing both the child and the family.Conclusions and Relevance to Clinical Practice Reciprocal trust between families, nurses and the respiratory team could and should be established swiftly after admission with a discussion of each party's immediate responsibilities and back-up roles
The Romantic Workplace : How Coworking Spaces Drive Post-Digital Consumption
No full textSociety and culture are increasingly marked by post-digital developments where the normalization of digital connectivity is challenged both through critical resistance, e.g., digital disconnection practices, and in commercial discourses on, e.g., "digital wellbeing" and "digital detox." This article seeks to understand such post-digital trends in working life through the lens of romantic ideals. In modern history, the Romantic ethic implied an escape into the beautiful, the genuine, and the sublime. While constituting a counter-force to functionalism, it also shaped the evolution of modern consumerism through the embracing of novelty and imagination. Here, the analytical focus is on coworking spaces (CWS), a form of digitally reliant workspaces where mobile workers can rent a desk or an office for a limited period of time and where disconnection and non-digital features are promoted as ingredients of "good work." Previous research shows that many CWS, while promoted as consumable destinations, function as anchoring places and environments for gaining a sense of presence and peace under digitally networked conditions. The current analysis extends these arguments through a case study of a CWS in an early-gentrifying part of Oslo, Norway. Based on ethnographic observations and interviews, the article shows how four romantic tropes-novelty, authenticity, creativity, and harmony-saturate spatial production as well as the mindsets of coworkers. It is concluded that CWS form part of a neo-romantic movement that includes a plethora of related post-digital phenomena, together constituting a counter-culture within capitalist consumer society
: The revised disclosure obligation under the Listing Act – an analysis of its implications for Swedish companies upon listing
No full textDet ställs ett flertal olika krav på ett bolag som önskar noteras. Bland annat ställs krav på informationshanteringen och när insiderinformation behöver offentliggöras. I ett försök att minska skyldigheterna som ställs på bolag i en noteringsprocess, har unionslagstiftaren introducerat lagstiftningspaketet noteringsakten. Noteringsaktens mest betydelsefulla ändring avser när insiderinformation behöver offentliggöras. I och med ändringarna behöver informationen först offentliggöras när den är slutgiltig. I denna uppsats undersöks konsekvenserna av de ändrade skyldigheterna att offentliggöra information för företag i noteringsprocessen utifrån en svensk kontext. I utredningen problematiseras faktumet att Sverige har en välfungerande börsmarknad även med vad unionslagstiftaren beskrivit som betungande krav på offentliggörande, i jämförelse med många andra europeiska länder. Uppsatsen belyser andra omständigheter som kan utgöra betungande krav, exempelvis begreppsdefinitionen av vad som utgör insiderinformation. I syfte att utvärdera hur väl noteringsaktens ändamål att öka kapitaltillförsel till små och medelstora företag uppnås, utvärderas konsekvenserna av akten ur ett rättsekonomiskt perspektiv. Uppsatsen tar upp hur de ändrade kraven kan påverka olika aktörer som har möjlighet att inverka på kapitaltillförseln till små och medelstora företag. Ett särskilt fokus ligger på hur de ändrade kraven på offentliggörande påverkar aktörer med olika risktolerans. Uppsatsen ger också förslag på ändringar som utifrån ett rättsekonomiskt perspektiv inneburit större möjlighet för en ökad kapitaltillförsel till små och medelstora företag och därigenom haft större möjlighet att uppnå noteringsaktens ändamål
AI-based analysis of Android log files : Automation in handling error reports during Android application development
No full textDevelopment of a tool for converting Figma prototypes into Android interfaces
No full textDetta examensarbete handlar om att utveckla en lösning för att omvandla Figmadesigner till Androidgränssnitt för Capgemini Engineering. Området är viktigt eftersom dagens manuella processer mellan design och utveckling är tidskrävande och ofta leder till inkonsistenta användargränssnitt. De huvudsakliga problemen är ineffektivitet, inkonsistens och brist på automatisering vid manuell översättning från Figmadesign till Android XML-kod. Nuvarande verktyg saknar ofta korrekt hantering av hierarkier, relationer och responsivitet mellan komponenter. Målet med detta examensarbete är att utveckla ett automatiserat verktyg som kan omvandla Figmadesignfiler till komplett och körbar Android XML-kod. Syftet är att minska manuellt arbete och förbättra kvaliteten i gränssnittsimplementeringen. Problemen har lösts genom att utveckla ett verktyg baserat på en pipelinearkitektur med moduler för datahämtning via Figmas API, parsing av JSON-data, relationsinferens samt XML-generering. Arbetet genomfördes med en iterativ utvecklingsmetod och implementerades i Python. Resultatet visar att verktyget automatiskt kan generera hierarkisk Android XML-kod med hög överensstämmelse med den ursprungliga Figmadesignen. Ineffektiviteten i utvecklingsprocessen reduceras betydligt genom att manuellt arbete reduceras och utvecklare snabbt får ett i hög grad fungerande gränssnitt. Tester visar även att verktyget hanterar komplexa layouter, komponentrelationer och vektorgrafik på ett tillförlitligt sätt, vilket bidrar till minskad visuell inkonsistens.This degree project is about developing a solution to transform Figma designs into Android user interfaces for Capgemini Engineering. The area is important since today’s manual processes between design and development are time consuming and often lead to inconsistent user interfaces. The main problems are inefficiency, inconsistency and lack of automation in the manual translation from Figma design to Android XML code. Current tools often lack correct handling of hierarchies, relationships and responsiveness between components. The goal of this degree project is to develop an automated tool that can transform Figma design files into complete and executable Android XML code. The purpose is to reduce manual work and to improve the quality of the user interface implementation. The problems have been solved by developing a tool based on a pipeline architecture with modules for data retrieval via the Figma API, parsing of JSON data, relation inference and XML generation. The work was carried out using an iterative development method and was implemented in Python. The results show that the tool can automatically generate hierarchical Android XML code with high correspondence to the original Figma design. Inefficiency in the development process is reduced significantly by reducing manual work and enabling developers to quickly obtain a nearly functional user interface. Tests also show that the tool handles complex layouts, component relationships and vector graphics in a reliable manner, which contributes to reduced visual inconsistency
Patients’ experiences of digital care in the context of language barriers in primary care : -a literature review
No full textIntroduktion: Digital vård används alltmer i primärvården. Språkbarriärer kan göra att patienter och vårdpersonal har svårt att förstå varandra. Syfte: Att belysa patienters upplevelser av digital vård vid språkbarriärer inom primärvården. Metod: En systematisk litteraturöversikt med induktiv ansats och kvalitativ design, där 12 vetenskapliga artiklar sökts fram i CINAHL och Medline samt kompletterade manuell sökning. Data analyserades enligt Braun och Clarkes reflexiva tematiska analysmetod. Resultat: Fyra huvudteman framkom: Känsla av maktlöshet beskriver när patienter inte förstår eller blir förstådda samt känslor av frustration, oro och förvirring. Att känna sig exkluderad genom att hamna i beroendeställning, minskad tillit och upplevelser av orättvisbehandling. Att vara beroende av individanpassad vård där behov av fysisk bedömning, digitalt stöd samt valfrihet i digital vård betonades. Att bli tvungen att bara lita på sig själv visade hur hopp och tilltro till sig själv kunde stärkas när stöd fanns. Slutsats: Språkbarriärer i digital vård kan leda till minskad jämlikhet och patientsäkerhet. Distriktssköterskor kan anpassa kommunikationen, erbjuda tolk och andra kontaktvägar till primärvården. Introduction: Digital care is increasingly used in primary care. Language barriers can make it difficult för patients and healthcare Professionals to understand each other. Aim: To describe patients ‘experiences of digital care in primary care when language barriers are present. Method: A systematic literature review with ant inductive approach and a qualitative design, where 12 studies were identified through searches in CINAHL and Medline, and by manual search. Data were analysed using Braun and Clarke´s reflexive thematic analysis. Result: Four main themes emerged: A sense of powerlessness describes situations where patients do not understand or are not understood, as well as feelings of frustration, worry, and confusion. Feeling excluded involved being placed in a position of dependency, reduced trust, and experiences of unfair treatment. Dependence on individually tailored care highlighted needs for physical assessment, digital support, and choice in modes of digital care. Being forced to rely on oneself showed how hope and self-efficacy could be strengthened when support was available. Conclusion: Language barriers in digital care may lead to reduced equity and patient safety. District nurses can adapt communication, provide interpreter support, and offer alternative routes of contact within primary care.