Publikationer från Högskolan i Jönköping
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Fieldwork: The future to discourage juvenile delinquency?
No full textThe purpose of the study was to investigate how preventive work is conducted under the current Social Services Act and personal thoughts from outreach workers regarding what it could look like if the new Social Services Act comes into effect. The idea was to investigate how outreach workers work to discourage juvenile delinquency. The implementation of six semi-structured interviews with outreach workers gave us knowledge about what they thought were important components of preventive work. The collected empirical data was thematized and four main themes emerged. These were then analyzed with the help of previous research and theories regarding discretion and empowerment. The results of the study indicate that outreach workers work relatively equally and that they feel they have a large amount of discretion. However, the distribution of work tasks varies based on the size of the municipality, but what outreach workers mainly focus on is outreach, relationship-building, providing information and building self-esteem and confidence in youths. The results show that preventive work can be carried out with different forms of working methods and outreach workers' attitudes towards the new Social Services Act. Conclusions that can be drawn from the study are that it is beneficial, not only for the target group but also for society at large, to carry out good preventive work, but there is still a need for further research.Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur det förebyggande arbetet bedrivs enligt nuvarande socialtjänstlag samt personliga tankar från fältarbetare gällande hur det skulle kunna komma att se ut om den nya socialtjänstlagen träder i kraft. Tanken var att undersöka hur fältarbetare arbetar för att motverka ungdomsbrottslighet. Genomförandet av sex semistrukturerade intervjuer med fältarbetare gav oss kunskap om vad de tyckte var viktiga beståndsdelar i ett förebyggande arbete. Den insamlade empirin tematiserades och där framträdde fyra huvudteman. Dessa analyserades därefter med hjälp av tidigare forskning samt teorier gällande handlingsutrymme och empowerment. Studiens resultat tyder på att fältarbetare arbetar relativt lika och att de upplever sig ha ett stort handlingsutrymme. Utifrån kommunstorlek varierar dock fördelningen av arbetsuppgifter, men det fältarbetare i huvudsak fokuserar på är uppsökande, relationsskapande, informationsgivande arbete samt med att bygga självkänsla och förtroende hos ungdomar. Resultatet visar på att ett förebyggande arbete kan bedrivas med olika former av arbetssätt samt fältarbetares inställning till den nya socialtjänstlagen. Slutsatser som kan dras utifrån studien är att det är fördelaktigt, inte bara för målgruppen utan även samhället i stort, att bedriva ett bra förebyggande arbete men det finns fortsatt behov av vidare forskning
Game On for News : An Experimental Study on Gamification’s Effects on User Engagement, Stance and Open-Minded Thinking in News Aggregators
No full textThis study addressed the low motivation observed on news aggregators. While news aggregators expose their users to diverse news content, individuals tend to seek news sources that align with their own viewpoints. Subsequently, scholars have raised concerns regarding polarization and fragmented citizenry. It is therefore important to explore means of promoting user engagement with the diverse news articles on news aggregators. This study investigated how gamification – levels and leaderboard – affects user engagement on news aggregators as well as stance and open-minded thinking of their featured topics. The study involved an online experiment with 98 participants randomly assigned into three groups – LevelGamify, LeaderboardGamify, and NoGamification. The goal of the data collection was to evaluate user engagement, stance, and open-minded thinking on a news aggregator. Two of the groups used a points-based game element, either levels or leaderboard, while the control group did not use any game elements. The results showed that levels and leaderboard promote user engagement in terms of objective metrics. This involved the number of news articles clicked and the time spent interacting with the news aggregator. However, the news aggregators with gamification were not perceived as more engaging and it did not increase the participants’ comprehension of the news articles. Moreover, gamification affected the participants’ stances and open-minded thinking depending on the topics covered in the news aggregators. While some topics had more participants showing stronger agreement and higher levels of open-minded thinking after using the gamified news aggregators, some topics did not. Furthermore, a news aggregator without gamification occasionally caused a decrease in open-minded thinking depending on the topic. The findings of this study provide insights on how gamification promotes user engagement on news aggregators and understanding of how it may affect the stance and open-minded thinking of the reader toward featured topics
Perceiving Zero : A Phenomenographic Study of Students' Conceptions of the Mathematical Concept of Zero in Preschool and Year 1
No full textDetta examensarbete undersöker hur elever i förskoleklass och årskurs 1 uppfattar det matematiska begreppet noll. Studien utgår från en fenomenografisk ansats och använder variationsteori som teoretiskt ramverk för att analysera kvalitativt skilda sätt att uppfatta noll. Datainsamlingen har skett genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med elva elever från två skolor. Analysen resulterade i sex beskrivningskategorier som speglar variation av uppfattningar, från att se noll som en visuell form eller ”ingenting” till att uppfatta dess roll i det matematiska positionssystemet och som neutralt element i räkneoperationer. Fyra av beskrivningskategorierna kunde organiseras i ett hierarkiskt utfallsrum utifrån begreppslig komplexitet. Resultatet visar att elever ofta växlar mellan olika uppfattningar beroende på sammanhang. Studien betonar vikten av att undervisningen stödjer denna begreppsliga utveckling genom att synliggöra variation och skapa kontraster, så att elever får möjlighet att urskilja kritiska aspekter av noll – vilket i sin tur kan lägga en grund för fortsatt matematiskt lärande.This thesis investigates how students in preschool class and first grade perceive the mathematical concept of zero. The study is based on a phenomenographic approach and uses variation theory as a theoretical framework to analyze qualitatively different ways of understanding zero. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with eleven students from two schools. The analysis resulted in six descriptive categories reflecting variations in perception—ranging from viewing zero as a visual form or “nothing,” to recognizing its role in the positional number system and as a neutral element in arithmetic operations. Four of the categories were organized into a hierarchical outcome space based on conceptual complexity. The results show that students often shift between different perceptions depending on context. The study emphasizes the importance of instruction that supports conceptual development by highlighting variation and creating contrasts, enabling students to discern critical aspects of zero—thereby laying a foundation for continued mathematical learning
Providing Reassurance in Transition : A Qualitative Empirical Interview Study
No full textBakgrund: När barn överflyttas från intensivvårdsavdelning till barnavdelning innebär det förändring för både barnet och dess familj. Tidigare forskning visar att det kan finnas utmaningar i överflyttning. Föräldrarna förväntas ta över större del av ansvaret för barnets omvårdnad i samband med överflyttningen och kan känna sig överväldigade. I barnsjuksköterskans roll ingår det att arbeta familjecentrerat och stötta både barnet och familjen. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva barnsjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att vårda barn och deras föräldrar i samband med överflyttning från intensivvårdsavdelning till barnavdelning. Metod: Data samlades in med hjälp av kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer med nio deltagare, sjuksköterskor från barnavdelningar på fyra olika länssjukhus i södra Sverige. Insamlade data analyserades med manifest innehållsanalys. Resultat: Tre huvudkategorier framkom i resultatet: betydelsen av tydlig struktur i samband med överflyttning, betydelsen av att få och ge information i samband med överflyttning och betydelsen av att arbeta i team med föräldrarna. Slutsats: Barnsjuksköterskors erfarenheter visade att god kommunikation, information och samarbete var avgörande för välfungerande överflyttning mellan intensivvårdsavdelning och barnavdelning. Background: When a child is transferred from an intensive care unit to a pediatric ward, it represents a significant change for both the child and their family. Previous research indicates that this transition can present challenges. Parents are expected to take on a greater responsibility for the child's care during this phase and may feel overwhelmed. The role of the pediatric nurse includes working in a family-centered manner and providing support to both the child and their family. Aim: The aim was to describe pediatric nurses’ experiences of caring for children and their parents during the transition from intensive care to care at a pediatric ward. Method: Data were collected through qualitative semi-structured interviews with nine participants, nurses from pediatric wards at four different regional hospitals in southern Sweden. The collected data were analyzed using a manifest content analysis. Results: Three main categories emerged from the results: the importance of having a clear structure during the transfer, the importance of receiving and providing information during the transfer, and the importance of working in a team with the parents during the transfer. Conclusion: Pediatric nurses' experiences showed that good communication, information, and collaboration were crucial for a well-functioning transfer between the intensive care unit and the pediatric ward.
Promoting an inclusive school environment at the onset of type 1 diabetes : A qualitative study on pediatric nurses’ experiences of supporting school staff
No full textBakgrund: Diabetes typ 1 är en komplex och krävande sjukdom och det är därför viktigt att skolpersonal erhåller kunskap för att kunna stödja barnet i skolan. Trots detta visar forskning att kunskapen hos personalen i skolorna är bristfällig. Barnsjuksköterskan har därför en viktig roll i att stödja och utbilda skolpersonal för att barnet ska få en skolgång likt sina klasskamrater. Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka barnsjuksköterskan erfarenheter av att stödja skolpersonal i att främja en fungerande skolgång hos barn med nydebuterad diabetes typ 1. Metod: Data samlades in via semistrukturerade intervjuer. Totalt 12 sjuksköterskor deltog i studien från nio olika regioner i Sverige. Data har analyserats enligt kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Tre huvudkategorier identifierades: Vikten av att skolpersonal har adekvat kunskap för att kunna stödja barn med nydebuterad diabetes typ 1, Vikten av att stödja både skolpersonal och vårdnadshavare och Vikten av att ha ett fungerande arbetssätt i skolan. Barnsjuksköterskorna upplevde att det fanns bristfällig kunskap och förståelse kring barnets sjukdom på skolorna. Det var viktigt med en god samverkan mellan skolans personal och vårdnadshavare för att barnet skulle få en bra skolgång samt att skolan hade välfungerande rutiner för att främja barnets delaktighet. Slutsats: Kontinuerlig utbildning för skolpersonal var nödvändigt för att öka personalens förståelse kring hur sjukdomen kunde påverka barnets fungerande i skolan. Tillräcklig personalantal var avgörande för att skolpersonal, barnet och vårdnadshavare skulle uppleva trygghet och tillit när barnet vistades i skolan. Nyckelord: Diabetes typ 1, Skolor, Delaktighet, Barnsjuksköterskor, Internationell klassifikation av funktionstillstånd, funktionshinder och hälsa. Background: Type 1 diabetes is a complex and demanding disease and it is therefore important that school staff receive knowledge so that they can support the child when they are at school. Despite this, research shows that knowledge in schools is lacking. The pediatric nurse therefore has an important role in supporting and educating school staff so that the child can have a schooling like his classmates. Aim: The aim was to investigate the pediatric nurse's experiences of supporting school staff in promoting a functioning school attendance in children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. Methods: Data were collected via semi-structured interviews. A total of 12 nurses participated in the study from nine different regions in Sweden. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: Three main categories were identified: The importance of school staff having adequate knowledge to be able to support children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes, The importance of supporting both school staff and guardians and The importance of having a functioning working method in school. The pediatric nurses felt that there was a lack of knowledge and understanding about the child's illness in schools. It was important for good collaboration between school staff and guardians to ensure that the child had a good education and that the school had well-functioning routines to promote the child's participation. Conclusions: Continuous training for school staff was necessary to increase staff understanding of how the illness could affect the child's functioning at school. Sufficient staff numbers were crucial to ensure that school staff, the child and guardians would experience safety and trust when the child was at school Keywords: Type 1 Diabetes, Schools, Participation, Pediatric nurses, International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Healt
Time to quit diapers! : A qualitative study about how specialist nurses in child health care support and motivate parents to potty train their children
No full textBakgrund: Barn i dag har blöja allt längre upp i åldrarna vilket kan få negativa konsekvenser för barnets hälsa, familjens ekonomi och miljön. Föräldrar känner ofta osäkerhet kring när och hur de ska potträna sina barn. Barnhälsovårdssjuksköterskans (Bhv-sköterskans) arbete innebär att utöva familjecentrerad omvårdnad och tillgodose att barnet och familjen får den information och det stöd de behöver för att uppnå bästa möjliga hälsa för barnet. Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka bhv-sköterskors erfarenheter av att stödja och motivera föräldrar att potträna sina barn. Metod: Semistrukturerade intervjuer via videosamtal med tio bhv-sköterskor från sex olika barnhälsovårdscentraler i två regioner i södra Sverige. Data analyserades med manifest innehållsanalys enligt Elo och Kyngäs. Resultat: Analysen mynnade ut i två generiska kategorier; Ett viktigt men svårt ämne, som belyser att det är viktigt att prata om potträning men även komplext. Detta på grund av att föräldrar har olika intresse kring ämnet, de saknar ett samlat material att arbeta utifrån, förskolan inte tar på sig en hjälpande roll samt att bhv-sköterskorna vill stötta föräldrar utan att pressa dem. Viljan att ge föräldrar goda förutsättningar belyser bhv-sköterskornas strävan efter att vilja ge föräldrar tips och råd för att underlätta potträningen samt informera om de positiva aspekterna det medför. Slutsats: Bhv-sköterskans arbete med att stödja och motivera föräldrar att potträna sina barn är viktigt men komplext. Det finns flera aspekter som är avgörande för hur utfallet av potträningen blir. Genom att arbeta med familjecentrerad omvårdnad kan bhv-sköterskan tillgodose varje enskild familjs behov av stöd.Background: Children today wear diapers at an increasingly older age, which can have negative consequences for the child's health, the family's finances and the environment. Parents often feel unsure about when and how to potty train their children. The work of the child health nurse at the child health center is to practice family-centered care and ensure that the child and family receive the information and support they need to achieve the best possible health for the child. Aim: The aim was to investigate the experiences of child health care nurses in supporting and motivating parents to potty train their children. Method: Semi-structured interviews were conducted via video call with ten child health care nurses from six different child health centers in two different regions in south of Sweden. The data was analysed using manifest content analysis according to Elo and Kyngäs. Results: The analysis resulted in two generic categories; An important but difficult topic, which highlights that it is important to talk about potty training but also complex. This is because parents have different interests and prior knowledge about the subject, they lack a collection of material to work from, the preschool does not take on a helping role and that the child health care nurses want to support parents without pressuring them. The desire to give parents good conditions highlights the child health care nurses' effort to give parents tips and advice to facilitate potty training and inform about the positive aspects it entails. Conclusion: The work of the child health care nurse in supporting and motivating parents to potty train their children is important but complex. There are several aspects that are crucial to the outcome of potty training. By working with family-centered care, the child health care nurse can meet each individual family's need for support
Are technical employees worried about being replaced by AI? : A quantitative survey study
No full textStudiens syfte var att undersöka om anställda i svenska små till medelstora företag upplever oro att bli ersatta av generativ artificiell intelligens (AI) i sina yrkesroller. Studien undersökte även om oron varierade med ålder, kunskap om AI och attityder till AI. Studien använde en kvantitativ ansats där data samlades in genom en webbaserad enkät bestående av 20 frågor. Urvalet bestod av 173 respondenter (N=173), 92 kvinnor och 81 män som arbetade med tekniska hjälpmedel i minst 50% av sina arbetsuppgifter. Insamlade data analyserades genom multipel linjär regressionsanalys. Resultatet visade att ålder hade en signifikant negativ relation till upplevd oro, där äldre respondenter rapporterade lägre oro än yngre. Däremot fanns inga signifikanta samband mellan oro och AI-kunskap eller attityd till AI. Studien diskuterar möjliga orsaker till resultatet, bland annat att psykologiska faktorer som känsla av kontroll och arbetsmiljöns stöd kan ha större betydelse än teknisk förståelse. Slutsatserna betonar behovet av fortsatt forskning för att förstå AI-relaterad oro i arbetslivet
Från deklaration till handling : En analys av hur deklarationen om säkra skolor implementeras och tolkas av ideella organisationer och myndigheter
No full textThis bachelor's thesis examines how the Safe Schools Declaration (SSD) is understood and implemented in conflict areas. The declaration, which is supported by 121 states, is intended to protect education from attack and military use during armed conflict. The study examines how SSD is perceived by education and protection actors, what strategies NGOs and others use in implementation, and how cooperation with authorities takes place in practice. The study is based on a qualitative design with method triangulation. The data material consists of nine semi-structured interviews with representatives from seven organizations, as well as document analysis of thirteen reports and guides. The analysis is thematic and rooted in implementation theory, focusing on both top-down and bottom-up perspectives, as well as concepts such as discretion, implementation gaps and multi-actor governance. The findings show that SSD is considered an important normative framework, but that implementation is characterized by challenges such as weak state structures, low local awareness and lack of coordination. At the same time, examples of successful local adaptation and cooperation are highlighted, especially in Nigeria and Mali. The study concludes that effective implementation of SSD requires political commitment, flexibility and broad stakeholder cooperation
Dyslexivänlig design i infografik : En experimentell studie om informationsbevarande och återkallelse av dyslexivänliga och icke-dyslexivänliga infografiker
No full textInfographics are a widely used tool for presenting information in a clear and visually concise format. They are frequently used within health and medical communication, something that has become increasingly more common to access online in this digital era. However, individuals with dyslexia often face challenges in reading and processing standard visual content. This study investigated how applying dyslexia-friendly design principles to digital health infographics affected information retention among dyslexic individuals compared to non dyslexia-friendly designs. An experimental, quantitative research design was used with 10 dyslexic participants (experimental group) and 10 non-dyslexic participants (control group). All participants viewed a dyslexia-friendly infographic and a non dyslexia-friendly infographic, and were then presented with a quiz to assess their ability to recall information from the infographics. The collected data were analyzed using paired- and independent-samples t-tests. The results showed that both groups remembered more from the non dyslexia-friendly designed infographic. These findings suggested that content familiarity and visual salience may play a larger role in information retention than adherence to accessibility design principles alone. It also indicated that infographics by nature may already be sufficiently accessible for people with dyslexia.
Developing a Digital Twin for Educational facilities : Visualizing Occupancy and Environmental Data to Enhance User Comfort and Operational Efficiency
No full textThis thesis explores the development of a foundational Digital Twin (DT) to enhance user comfort and operational efficiency through real-time monitoring, building on the industry’s transition from static Building Information Modeling (BIM) to dynamic DT systems. The DT was constructed using Autodesk Revit for 3D modeling, Autodesk Tandem for visualization, and Microsoft Azure Digital Twins for data integration, utilizing real-time data from occupancy and environmental sensors via Home Assistant. The study assessed REST API and MQTT communication protocols to optimize data transmission between physical and digital entities. REST API proved more effective, supported by both sensor types, enabling seamless and secure integration. In contrast, MQTT implementation faced significant challenges, including firewall restrictions, Tandem’s lack of native support, and the need for custom Python scripting, while Azure Digital Twins integration failed due to the researcher’s limited expertise. The absence of built-in analytics in Tandem further restricted predictive capabilities, limiting long-term comfort optimization. Despite these obstacles, the DT demonstrated feasibility for real-time monitoring in educational settings, providing valuable insights into data flow and system dynamics. The findings underscore the critical need for improved interoperability, advanced analytics, and scalable sensor integration to fully realize DT potential in smart buildings. This study highlights the pivotal role of user expertise and platform compatibility in DT deployment, offering a foundation for future research to address these limitations and advance smart building technologies.