Publikationer från Högskolan i Gävle
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Erfarenheter och upplevelser av egenvård hos vuxna personer med typ 2-diabetes
No full textBakgrund: Typ 2-diabetes (T2D) är den vanligaste formen av diabetes, det är en kronisk sjukdom som ökar globalt och innebär stora kostnader för samhället. Det finns flera faktorer som kan påverka uppkomsten av T2D, bland annat ärftlighet, övervikt, rökning och livsstilsfaktorer. I egenvård vid T2D ingår att genomföra livsstilsförändringar, ta olika läkemedel samt att kontrollera och tolka sitt blodsockervärde. Vid T2D kan både akuta och sena komplikationer uppstå, om blodsockerregleringen är bristfällig. Syfte: syftet för denna litteraturstudie var att beskriva erfarenheter och upplevelser av egenvård hos vuxna personer med typ 2-diabetes. Metod: Designen som användes är en beskrivande litteraturstudie, databasen PubMed användes för att hitta kvalitativa artiklar som svarade på syftet, tio artiklar inkluderades i studien. Huvudresultat: Studien visade att personers förmåga att utföra egenvård påverkades av flera faktorer. Brist på information och kunskap kunde försvåra egenvården, medan tillgång till information kunde underlätta för egenvården. Känslomässiga utmaningar kunde ha en negativ inverkan på egenvården samtidigt som känslor också kunde leda till ökad motivation att utföra sin egenvård. Ekonomiska svårigheter innebar en begränsning för personernas möjlighet att följa egenvårdsrekommendationer. Den sociala miljön runt personerna kunde underlätta egenvården men även vara ett hinder. Slutsats: Studien visar att personer med T2D upplever en komplex relation till egenvård, där individuella faktorer påverkar deras förmåga att genomföra egenvård på ett effektivt sätt. Genom att individuellt anpassa stöd och stärka personer med T2D förmåga till egenvård kan deras hälsa, välbefinnande och livskvalitet förbättras.Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is the most common form of diabetes, it’s a chronic disease that is increasing globally and incurs significant societal costs. Several factors can influence the onset of T2D, including genetics, overweight, smoking, and lifestyle factors. Self-care in TD2 involves making lifestyle changes, taking various medications, and monitoring and interpreting blood sugar levels. Both acute and long-term complications can arise if blood sugar regulation is inadequate. Purpose: The purpose of this literature review was to describe the experiences of self-care among adults with type 2 diabetes. Method: A descriptive literature review design was used, and the PubMed database was employed to identify qualitative articles that addressed the research question. Ten articles were included in the study. Main Results: The study found that individuals’ ability to perform self-care was influenced by various factors. A lack of information and knowledge could hinder self-care, while access to information could facilitate it. Emotional challenges could have a negative impact on self-care, but emotions could also motivate individuals to engage more in their selfcare. Economic difficulties were a barrier to following self-care recommendations. The social environment around individuals could both support and hinder self-care efforts. Conclusion: The study reveals that people with T2D experience a complex relationship with self-care, where individual factors affect their ability to manage self-care effectively. By providing individualized support and empowering individuals with T2D to manage their care, their health, well-being, and quality of life can be improved.
Motivational interviewing for reducing rehospitalisation and improving patient activation among patients with heart failure or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomised controlled trial
No full textObjectives The aim is to evaluate the effects of a motivational interviewing-based intervention, Supporting Patient Activation in Transition to Home, on rehospitalisation and patient activation among patients with heart failure or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Design A randomised, controlled, analysis-blinded trial was conducted.Setting Participants were recruited from two hospitals in mid-Sweden and the intervention and interviews were conducted post-discharge. Participants 207 participants with heart failure or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were recruited. Participants were randomised to receive five motivational interviewing sessions post-discharge (n=103) or a control group (n=104). Outcome measures Rehospitalisation within 180 days post-discharge was retrieved, and patient activation was assessed using the Patient Activation Measure at baseline, 30, 90 and 180 days post-discharge. We used a generalised estimating equation to assess the difference in the secondary outcome, patient activation, between the intervention group and the control group during the 180-day follow-up. Results No statistically significant differences between the groups were found for rehospitalisation (p=0.33 to 0.41) or patient activation over time (B=−1.67, –0.71 and −0.83 (95% CI −5.45 to 2.10, −4.06 to 2.64 and −4.28 to 2.62), respectively). Conclusion Post-discharge motivational interviewing to decrease rehospitalisation or support patient activation does not seem beneficial for patients with heart failure or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The high disease burden may have limited patient participation in the intervention. Trial registration number NCT02823795
Youth perspectives on health, well-being, and sustainable development: A photovoice study
No full textSummary This study examined how youth perceive their health, well-being, and working-life capacity in relation to ecosocial work within the context of sustainable development. Data were gathered using the photovoice method with two discussion groups, including 11 15- to 19-year-olds from Gävle, Sweden. Inductive thematic analysis was used to create themes from the data. The Having-Doing-Loving-Being model of well-being by Helne and Hirvilammi, and Zimmerman's psychological empowerment were applied to interpret the findings. Findings The findings indicate that the participants saw sustainable development as a “buzz concept” with low relevance for their health and well-being. The participants perceived health and well-being as “feeling good” on an individual level, with more emphasis on doing activities for self-actualization and less on working-life capacity or environmental issues. They expressed no interest in disseminating the results of their discussions to other stakeholders for collective empowerment and social mobilization, which is a crucial part of the photovoice method. The results also indicate an individualistic and hedonic life orientation among the participants. Applications The study provides social work and its practitioners an understanding of the importance of enabling youth voices and linking youth personal and collective well-being with sustainable development. The study also offers an understanding of well-being within social work discourse that incorporates environmental stewardship alongside youth's personal fulfilment
The influence of snow cover, elevation, and latitude on fur colour in the mountain hare : (Influencia de la capa de nieve, la altitud y la latitud en el color de la piel de la liebre de montaña)
No full textThis study investigates the environmental factors, that influence the timing of winter fur change in the mountain hare (Lepus timidus). The transition from brown to white fur is a critical adaptive strategy that allows hares to remain camouflaged in snowy environments. Using data collected with camera traps from various elevations and latitudes, we analysed the influence of environmental factors, including snow presence, altitude, and latitude, on fur colour change. Our findings reveal that snow presence is the most significant determinant, with a strong correlation between snow cover and the transition to white fur. Latitude also significantly influences fur colour, likely reflecting the environmental gradients that vary with geographic location. In contrast, altitude did not have a significant effect on fur colour, nor did it interact with latitude in any meaningful way. However, seasonal altitudinal movements, driven by the availability of food and shelter, appear to influence the hare's habitat choice, with hares moving to lower elevations during winter to access food and higher elevations in summer. This seasonal behaviour may account for the lack of a direct correlation between altitude and fur colour. These results underscore the importance of snow cover and latitude as primary drivers of fur colour change, while altitude plays a secondary role. The findings highlight the need for conservation strategies that consider the potential impacts of climate change on snow cover dynamics, which could disrupt the synchronization between fur colour change and the environment, increasing hares' vulnerability to predation.
From Single Movement Behaviors to Complete 24‐h Behaviors Profiles and Multiple Health Outcomes—A Cross‐Sectional Study Using Accelerometry
No full textMovement behaviors research has evolved from focusing on single behaviors to multiple behaviors within a 24-h perspective. However, it is unknown if 24-h movement behavior profiles are consistently associated across multiple health outcomes. Thus, we aimed to investigate this. We used data from 807 adults who wore thigh accelerometers and recorded daily sleep/work times over 1–4 days and were categorized into four 24-h movement behavior profiles: “Chimpanzees” (balanced distribution of movement behaviors in work and leisure; n = 226, reference), “Lions” (more active work and sleep, and less active leisure; n = 179), “Ants” (more active overall, less sedentary work and similar sleep, n = 244), and “Koalas” (more sedentary and sleep, and less active overall n = 158). Cardiorespiratory fitness and systolic blood pressure were measured, while low back pain and self-rated health were self-reported. Linear or ordinal logistic regression assessed the cross-sectional associations between these profiles and outcomes, adjusting for age, sex, BMI, smoking, alcohol, occupational lifting/carrying, and work type. We found that referencing Chimpanzees, Lions were detrimentally associated with cardiorespiratory fitness (B = −2.70 mLO2/min/kg, p < 0.01), but beneficially associated with systolic blood pressure (B = −3.49 mmHg, p < 0.05) and low back pain (odds ratio, OR = 0.67, p = 0.03). Koalas were detrimentally associated with systolic blood pressure (B = 3.66 mmHg, p < 0.05) and cardiorespiratory fitness (B = −2.83 mLO2/min/kg, p < 0.01). Ants were detrimentally associated with self-reported health (OR = 1.78, p < 0.01). We conclude that no 24-h movement behavior profile was consistently (i.e., solely beneficial or detrimental) associated with the health outcomes. These findings indicate that research and practice about 24-h movement behaviors need to consider multiple outcomes
Learning to speak mathematically at the Japanese supplementary school in Sweden: critical cases of praxeological anomaly
No full textNatural language is known to play a crucial and specific role for children’s learning in school mathematics. Not only does it carry special vocabulary, but subtle differences between natural languages may lead to surprising challenges, for instance, for learners who are not taught mathematics in their mother tongue. In this paper, the anthropological theory of didactic (ATD) is used as a main framework, and we analyse some praxeological anomalies from the teaching of fractions at Japanese schools abroad, while learners attend, at the same time, a regular school in some other language (in this case, the local language, Swedish). Our findings indicate that these praxeological anomalies arise not only from linguistic disparities related to specialised vocabulary and syntax for elementary mathematics but also from institutional and curricular differences. This study gives new insights on these language challenges related to mathematics as taught at expatriate schools, particularly in the case of Japanese
What makes digital learning effective? Evaluation of a digital learning module about positron emission tomography
No full textFollowing the global COVID-19 pandemic, digital learning environments have gained in importance in education all around the world. A new digital learning format called a “Digital Learning Module” (DLM) was developed within the Physics Education Research (PER) group at CERN, consisting of a series of prerecorded explanatory and experiment videos, interactive elements, an interactive simulation experiment, and expert interviews. So far, one DLM has been created on the topic of positron emission tomography (PET). Aiming to establish a set of effective design principles that can be employed in the design of future DLMs or similar digital learning environments, the goal of this research is to evaluate the already existing PET DLM. In doing so, this research brings together different theoretical and empirical studies, in order to identify design principles fitting the format of the DLM. It also reviews key physics literature on PET to identify its disciplinary-relevant aspects. First, an analysis of the PET DLM was performed in terms of the identified design principles and disciplinary-relevant aspects. Then, nine semistructured interviews were conducted with high-school students from Greece and Austria as they worked through the PET DLM. A qualitative content analysis of the interview transcripts has determined the set of effective design principles that will constitute the foundation of future DLMs developed by the CERN PER group and can serve as a starting point and reference for researchers developing similar digital learning environments elsewhere
Exploring paradoxical tensions in scaling circular business models within the textile and clothing industry
No full textThe Textile and Clothing (T&C) industry is increasingly adopting circular business models (CBMs) to promote sustainable production and consumption. However, scaling CBMs within this sector remains challenging, mainly due to conflicts in organizational objectives, product designs, and value chain structures, resulting in paradoxical tensions (PTs). The purpose of this study is to explore PTs that hinder the scaling of CBMs in the T&C industry. The methodology adopted a two-stage approach: first, through a critical literature review, seven key PT categories affecting CBM scaling were identified, and secondly, semi-structured interviews were conducted with T&C industry actors for in-depth exploration. By applying paradox theory, this study revealed that PTs are more prevalent at the product and process levels. At the product level, PTs impacted scaling CBMs both within inner loops (repair and reuse) and outer loops (recycling), driven by socio-environmental and economic conflicts, classified as performing paradoxes. Scaling recycling is hindered due to trade-offs in technology selection for higher market uptake, lack of infrastructure, and challenges in choosing between local and global value chains, classified as organizing PTs. Our findings emphasize the importance of inter-class organizing-performing paradoxes, which obstruct the scaling of sequential loops like reuse-recycling. Furthermore, implicit belonging and learning PTs became apparent alongside other paradoxes, such as performing-belonging and organizing-learning. While belonging PTs arose at the stakeholder level due to identity tensions, learning PTs stemmed from insufficient data, knowledge, and technology. Based on the findings, this study contributed to developing four propositions explaining the impact of PTs in scaling T&C CBMs. These findings provide valuable insights for T&C actors to strategically plan and scale CBMs while understanding and navigating PTs. This is of crucial significance for policymakers in formulating effective policies supporting the scaling of CBMs within the T&C industry
Effect of air layer thickness on melting kinetics and heat transfer in horizontally oriented hemispherical phase change material enclosures
No full textPhase change materials (PCMs) in thermal energy storage systems often encounter unintended air gaps that critically affect performance, yet their effects in hemispherical enclosures remain unexplored. This research delves into the critical role of air layer thickness in modulating the melting kinetics and heat transfer performance of PCM within horizontally oriented hemispherical enclosures—a configuration with considerable applications for thermal energy storage (TES) systems. This research has systematically quantified how air layer thickness (0–3 mm) affects PCM melting dynamics using advanced ANSYS/FLUENT 16 simulations. The absence of an air layer (0 mm) affords the fastest melting, driven by unobstructed natural convection and conduction. In other hand, incremental air layer thicknesses (1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm) have introduced enlightened thermal resistance, delaying melting completion by 15%, 30%, and 45%, respectively. In this regard, a 3 mm air layer has exhibited the most noticeable insulating effect, overwhelming the convective flow velocities by 35–40% and creating non-uniform temperature distributions of 18–22°C gradients. The obtained results disclose an essential trade-off. This is specifically disclosed as while air layers can enhance insulation, they obstruct heat transfer competence, extending the melting duration from 85 minutes (0 mm) to 123 minutes (3 mm). This research delivers actionable visions for optimising air gap design in PCM-based systems, balancing thermal regulation requirements with energy storage performance. The associated results are predominantly relevant for applications necessitating detailed thermal management, such as building-integrated TES and electronic cooling, where hemispherical enclosures offer geometric advantages
The daily life experiences of older people with frailty : A descriptive literature review
No full textBackground: Currently, global aging is severe, with a large and growing number of frail elderly people. The demand for their care is rising. Understanding the daily life experiences of frail elderly people is crucial for enhancing the quality of care and social support.Aim: The aim of the literature review will be to describe the daily life experiences of older people with frailty.Design: The design of this study is a descriptive literature reviewMethod：Eight articles searched from PubMed and Cinahl were selected to answer the purpose of this review. By reading the selected literature, the authors collated and compared the results and summarized the daily life experiences of older people with frailty.Result: By summarizing and analyzing the daily life experience of 8 older people with frailty, 4 themes were summarized: (1) The impact of frailty on the physical functions of older people (2) The impact of frailty on the psychological state of older people (3) The impact of frailty on the social functions of older people (4) The adaptation strategies of older people towards frailtyConclusions: As individuals age, frailty tends to progress, imposing greater limitations and alterations upon the daily lives of older people with frailty. They confront deteriorating health, loneliness, and negative emotions. Amid these challenges, older people with frailty strive to preserve their dignity, autonomy, and quality of life. Therefore, it is imperative for caregivers to enhance educational guidance to address the evolving needs of older people with a frailty population