Publikationer från Högskolan i Gävle
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Structuring higher-order thinking: a national analysis of learning outcomes in Swedish undergraduate nursing thesis courses
No full textBackground Higher-order thinking is a central objective in nursing education, particularly within thesis courses where students are expected to demonstrate analytical reasoning and scholarly autonomy. Aim The aim of this study is to examine the structure, cognitive complexity, and knowledge domain classification of learning outcomes in degree project courses within Swedish undergraduate nursing education. Methods This national cross-sectional study examined the cognitive structure of 236 intended learning outcomes derived from 23 universities and university colleagues offering undergraduate nursing thesis courses across all Swedish higher education institutions (N = 25). Active verbs were extracted and analyzed using manifest content analysis, descriptive statistics, Mann–Whitney U tests, and Spearman’s rank correlation. Results Using Bloom’s revised taxonomy as the analytical framework, we identified 58 unique active verbs. All institutions included outcomes at multiple taxonomic levels, with “Analyzing” and “Applying” most frequently used. In contrast, “Understanding” was rarely represented, despite its foundational role in cognitive progression. Lexical diversity and alignment with higher-order thinking varied significantly across institutions. One-third of the verbs were not included in Bloom’s taxonomy, highlighting the interpretive challenges in applying taxonomic models to curriculum analysis. Conclusion These findings suggest divergent pedagogical assumptions underlying outcome design and underscore the need for more coherent, epistemologically informed approaches to ensure thesis courses truly support academic development. The results may inform quality assurance practices and contribute to ongoing debates about the role of research training in undergraduate nursing education
Hur representeras skönhetsideal på TikTok? : Kvalitativ studie
No full textIdeal beauty is a societal construct spread through various mediums. In today’s society social media contributes to creating unrealistic beauty standards. Due to the fact that social platforms have built in editing tools, thus making it easier for its users to beautify themselves. This study examined how the platform TikTok represents content related to beauty ideals. The examination studied the trends “inverted filter” and “no-filter”, by analyzing videos and their comment sections. The methods that had been used during the research are multimodal- and content analysis. This study reveals that beauty trends lead to different reactions because they fall under different categories. “Inverted filter” showed negative reactions from both the creators and the public. In those videos, the trend triggered insecurities for both creators. While the public expressed varying reactions, such as some claiming that the filter is false or praising the creators’ look. Whereas the “no-filter” trend had only positive reactions from both creators and the public. Hence the trend is promoting natural beauty. In conclusion, beauty ideals are represented on the TikTok positively and negatively depending on the trend. Some trends promote toxic beauty ideals whilst others promote healthy beauty ideals
Unga tjejers erfarenheter av skolan i Afar regionen
No full textPurpose: This study aimed to explore the educational experiences of young women in the Afar region of Ethiopia and the challenges they encountered in pursuing and completing their schooling. It focused on how cultural norms, economic hardship, and infrastructural limitations influenced their access to education and shaped their future opportunities. Method: A qualitative research design was employed, utilizing semi-structured interviews with four women aged 22–26 who were raised in the Afar region. The interviews examined their educational experiences, the obstacles they faced, and the support they received. A content analysis approach was used to identify key categories. Results: Three main thematic categories emerged: (1) gender norms and cultural expectations, (2) economic and structural barriers, and (3) shifting perspectives on girls’ education. Participants described how traditional gender roles and family expectations often hindered girls’ school attendance, with many expected to perform domestic duties or marry at an early age. Economic hardship further restricted access, as families were often unable to afford school materials or transportation. In rural areas, long travel distances and safety concerns compounded these challenges. Despite these barriers, some families supported girls’ education. Nevertheless, social and economic pressures continued to result in high dropout rates among girls. Conclusion: The participants emphasized the transformative role of education in fostering confidence, independence, and future opportunities. They also stressed the need for improved infrastructure, culturally sensitive educational practices, and stronger efforts toward gender equality to enhance access for girls in Afar. The findings underscore the necessity of both structural and social interventions to support girls’ continued education. Further research is recommended to identify effective strategies for supporting girls in similar socio-cultural settings
Multi-Energy Interplay in a Planned District Community with a Large Share of PV-Produced Electricity in a Nordic Climate
No full textThe world’s energy system faces major challenges due to transitions from fossil fuels to other alternatives. An important part of the transition is energy-efficient homes that partially produce their own electricity. This paper explores the energy interactions between heating, cooling, and electricity usage in a planned residential area in Sweden where a significant portion of the electricity is generated by solar PV systems. Conventional district heating and cooling systems and a low-temperature district heating system that uses return cascading technology were compared with heat pump systems. Electricity sharing in an energy community has a low impact on the calculated national energy efficiency metric. It is also shown that electrifying space heating with heat pumps improves the calculated energy efficiency metric, but heat pumps increase the peak power demand in the winter due to high heat demand and a lack of solar production. Using heat pumps for heating domestic hot water and compressor chillers for cooling offers a more balanced use/production of electricity since the electric cooling load is mostly met by local solar production, as shown by an increase in self-consumption of 8% and stable self-sufficiency. There is, however, a time mismatch between production and the peak electricity demand, which could be addressed by using energy storage systems
Dimensions of gerotranscendence among Iranian older adults: A phenomenological study
No full textGerotranscendence is a culture-dependent concept involving growth and excellence in old age. While it has been studied in various cultural contexts, little is known about Iranian older adults. This study aims to uncover novel aspects of Iranian older adults’ psychological and transcendental capacities using their lived experiences. A qualitative research approach with a descriptive phenomenological design was employed. Semi-structured and in-depth interviews were conducted with eight older adults (aged 65+) in Tehran, Iran, using a purposive sampling technique. Gerotranscendence among Iranian older adults encompasses four dimensions: self-transcendence, communicative transcendence, worldview transcendence, and harmony of experiences. While sharing commonalities with existing theories, these dimensions exhibit differences that underscore the importance of a culturally sensitive understanding. This study offers unique insights into the development of gerotranscendence in Iranian older adults, highlighting the cultural context of this multifaceted concept. By considering these dimensions in diverse cultural settings, future research can inform tailored interventions and support systems for older adults.
First-line managers’ experiences of and reflections on structural conditions for management practice in hospital settings
No full textPurpose The purpose of this paper is to describe first-line managers’ (FLMs’) experiences and reflections on structural conditions for management practice within hospital settings using Kanter’s theory of structural empowerment. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative deductive approach with a descriptive design was used. Interviews were conducted with 11 FLMs in charge of medical or surgical hospital units spread across Sweden. Data were analyzed using a directed content analysis, based on Kanter’s theory of structural empowerment, encompassing such as access to necessary and sufficient resources, information, support and opportunities to learn and develop. Findings Findings of this study from the FLMs’ descriptions and reflections shed light on the impact of power dynamics on the structural conditions for management practice. The availability of nursing staff was a fundamental resource in the FLMs’ work performance, ensuring delivery of care to patients and a sound work environment for staff. Additionally, the other structural elements outlined in Kanter’s theory were evident in the findings, as the FLMs wished for structured information flow, identified potential and challenged opportunities for development and emphasized the importance of receiving support from people with a genuine understanding of their work situation. Originality/valueThe results of this study contribute to the understanding of FLMs’ structural conditions for management practice in hospital settings. The paper’s originality stems from the use of a deductive approach, providing a structured lens with the potential to inform future research and practice in the field of health-care management
The Emergence of the Desirable : Policy Diffusion and (Un)ConsciousDesires in the Spread of ‘Special Play Groups’
No full textStudien undersöker spridningen av policyinstrumentet ’Speciella lekgrupper’ (SL) inomsvensk förskola, med fokus på hur inkluderingspolicys sprids, omformas och stabiliseras.Med utgångspunkt i Assemblageteori och Policy Mobilities and Assemblage Theory(PMAT) analyseras samspelet mellan aktörer, materialiteter och diskurser i derasbetydelse för spridningen av SL. Resultaten visar att SL mobiliserar emotionella ochprofessionella drivkrafter, som viljan att skapa gemenskap för alla barn. Vidare belyserstudien hur SL adresserar organisatoriska begränsningar som tid- och resursbrist.Samtidigt speglar SL bredare spänningar mellan standardisering och individuellaanpassningar. Resultatet visar även hur ’specialpedagogen’ spelar en central roll sombrygga mellan policy och praktik. Genom att sätta fokus på (o)medvetna önskningars rolli policyspridning bidrar studien med nya insikter om mekanismer bakom spridningen avpedagogiska metoder. Vidare bidrar studien med förståelse för hur inkluderingspolicymobiliseras i praktiken.This study explores the diffusion of the policy instrument ‘Special Play Groups’ (SPG)within Swedish preschools, focusing on how inclusion policies are spread, transformed,and stabilized. Utilizing Assemblage Theory and Policy Mobilities and AssemblageTheory (PMAT), the analysis examines the interactions between actors, materialities, anddiscourses that influence the spread of SPG. The findings demonstrate that SPG mobilizesboth emotional and professional motivations, such as the aspiration to foster a sense ofbelonging for all children. Furthermore, the study highlights how SPG addressesorganizational constraints like limited time and resources, while also reflecting broadertensions between standardization and individualized adaptation. The results underline thepivotal role of the special educator as a mediator between policy and practice. Byemphasizing the influence of desires in policy diffusion, this study offers new insightsinto the mechanisms that drive the spread of educational methods and enhances theunderstanding of how inclusion policies are operationalized in practice.
Från frivillig till obligatorisk hållbarhetsgranskning : En studie om hur CSRD påverkar revisorerna
No full textSAMMANFATTNING Titel: Från frivillig till obligatorisk hållbarhetsgranskning Nivå: Examensarbete på grundnivå (kandidatexamen) i ämnet företagsekonomi Författare: Richard Pascha och Per Blomquist Handledare: Asif M Huq Datum: 2025 – januari Syfte: 1 juli 2024 implementerades Corporate sustainability reporting directive (CSRD) i Sverige. Syftet med denna studie är att förklara hur CSRD påverkar revisorerna. Mer specifikt syftar arbetet på att förstå övergången från frivillig till obligatorisk granskning. Utifrån syftet har följande forskningsfrågor utformats för att undersöka och förstå med hjälp av legitimitetsteorin och institutionell teori: Vilka utmaningar och svårigheter står revisorerna inför i samband med CSRD? Vilka praktiska åtgärder har revisorer vidtagit i sina förberedelser? Metod: En kvalitativ studie har genomförts med hjälp av semistrukturerade intervjuer. Vi har gjort två målinriktade urval som består av dels revisorer, dels företag. Data har samlats in främst med hjälp av inspelningar och för att bearbeta datan har en tematisk analys utförts. Resultat och slutsats: Studien har identifierat behov som ligger i linje med de behov som uppstod vid övergången till frivillig granskning, särskilt behovet av ökad kompetens och tydligare riktlinjer. Samtidigt har även nya utmaningar identifierats i form av ökad arbetsbörda och risk för revisorernas oberoende. Examensarbetets bidrag: Studien ger insikter kring hur revisorerna faktiskt har förberett inför CSRD och vilka förändringar som direktivet har på branschen. Arbetet kan användas för att få förståelse för revisorernas åtgärder och för att belysa nya utmaningar som tillkommer med direktivet. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: För framtida forskning är det relevant att undersöka huruvida åtgärderna var tillräckliga och ifall de nya utmaningarna består. Nyckelord: CSRD, Revision, Frivillig granskning, Obligatorisk granskning, Oberoende.
Artificiell intelligens inom revision : En jämförande studie av AI användningen i svenska SME och större revisionsbyråer
No full textSyftet med denna studie har varit att undersöka om och hur svenska revisionsföretag av olika storlekar använder AI i sin verksamhet, med särskilt fokus på att analysera skillnaderna mellan SME respektive större företag. Studien undersöker också de faktorer som påverkar företagens nuvarande AI-användning samt deras syn på AI:s framtida roll inom revision. I studien har en kvalitativ metod använts som baserats på semistrukturerade intervjuer för att undersöka hur revisionsbyråerna använder AI. Vi har arbetat med en tematisk analys för att identifiera mönster som belyser de utmaningar och möjligheter som AI erbjuder revisionsbranschen. Studien visar att AI-användningen skiljer sig markant mellan SME och större företag inom den svenska revisionsbranschen. Viktiga och avgörande faktorer är kopplade till teknisk kompetens och resurser. AI har visat sig bidra till förbättrad riskhantering och effektivisering, men implementeringen av AI har begränsningar i form av anpassningsutmaningar och kostnader. Studien belyser vilka möjligheter och utmaningar företagen möter vid AI-implementering och hur teknologin påverkar konkurrenskraften och effektiviteten. En framtida forskning om hur AI används för att balansera innovation och effektivitet samt hur kompetenskraven för revisorerna kommer påverkas tillsammans med kundernas förtroende. Det kan även vara intressant att göra en liknande studie i Sverige när de regulatoriska kraven inte längre hindrar i samma utsträckning.This study examines how Swedish auditing firms of varying sizes use AI, focusing on differences between SMEs and larger companies, as well as factors influencing current usage and views on AI's future role in auditing. The study employed a qualitative method based on semi-structured interviews to examine how auditing firms use AI. A thematic analysis was conducted to identify patterns that highlight the challenges and opportunities AI presents for the auditing industry. The study shows that the use of AI differs significantly between SMEs and large firms within the Swedish auditing industry. Key and decisive factors are linked to technical competence and resources. AI has proven to contribute to improved risk management and efficiency, but its implementation is limited by adaptation challenges and costs. This study highlights the opportunities and challenges companies face when implementing AI and how the technology impacts competitiveness and efficiency. Future research could explore how AI is used to balance innovation and efficiency, as well as how auditors' competency requirements and customer trust are affected. It may also be interesting to conduct a similar study when regulatory requirements are no longer significant obstacles
Hållbarhetsredovisning och kunders köpbeteende: En kvantitativ studie om medvetenhet och konsumtion inom fast fashion branschen
No full textSyfte: Fast fashion branschen står inför kritik relaterad till hållbarhet och dess påverkan på miljö och sociala faktorer. Företag investerar i hållbarhetsredovisning för att möta konsumenters krav, men forskning visar att priset ofta prioriteras framför hållbara val. Syftet med detta arbete är att undersöka om kunders medvetenhet om hållbarhetsredovisning har en påverkan på kunders köpbeteende inom fast fashion företag. Metod: En kvantitativ metod med en enkätundersökning användes för att samla data från 123 respondenter som presenteras i tabeller och diagram i empiridelen. Resultat och slutsats: Studien fann att konsumenternas medvetenhet om hållbarhetsredovisning generellt sett är låg, vilket verkar bero på faktorer som ålder och trovärdighet till företaget. Istället verkar andra faktorer som pris som prioriteras högre än hållbarhetsfrågor när det kommer till konsumenters köpbeslut. Examensarbetets bidrag: Bygger vidare på tidigare studier och ger förståelse för hur konsumenter i dagens samhälle ser på hållbarhetsredovisning och hur företag kan effektivisera sin redovisning för att anpassa sig efter kunder. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: I framtiden rekommenderas att göra en studie med mer omfattande datainsamling och utveckla enkäten med fler kontrollfrågor och utveckla flera hypoteser för att testa alla faktorer som beskrivits i enkäten.