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Microbial spoilage of liquid egg products and its control by the detection of genetic or chemical markers
No full text
Effectiveness of an antenatal maternal supplementation with prebiotics for preventing atopic dermatitis in high-risk children (the PREGRALL study): protocol for a randomised controlled trial.
No full textAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting 10%-15% of children in Europe. There is a need for new primary preventive therapeutic strategies in at-risk populations. Recent research has indicated that atopic diseases are associated with a disrupted gut microbial 'balance' in early life raising the possibility that interventions which yield optimal patterns of microflora could improve host's health. Prebiotics, sugars with immunomodulatory properties that stimulate the diversity of the digestive microbiota, are ideal candidates for such research. So far, most clinical trials have focused on improving infant gut colonisation postnatally. However, prenatal life is a crucial period during which different tolerance mechanisms are put in place. We aim to determine whether antenatal prebiotics supplementation prevents AD in high-risk children.[br/]
This is a randomised, multicentre, double-blind, trial to evaluate the effectiveness of antenatal prebiotic maternal supplementation (galacto-oligosaccharide/inulin) in pregnant women versus placebo on the occurrence of AD at 1 year of age in at-risk children (defined as having a maternal history of atopic disease). Participating women will be randomised to daily ingestion of a prebiotics or placebo (maltodextrin) from 20 weeks' gestation until delivery. The primary outcome is the prevalence of AD at 1 year of age, using the version of the UK Working Party Diagnostic Criteria optimised for preventive studies. Key secondary endpoints are AD severity, quality of life and prebiotics tolerance. The target sample size is 376 women (188 patients per group) which will provide 80% power to detect a 33% reduction of the risk of AD in the verum group (α=0.05). The primary analysis will be based on the intention-to-treat principle.[br/]
Results will be presented in peer-reviewed journals and at international conferences. Ethics approval for the study was obtained from the institutional ethical review board of 'Comité de Protection des Personnes Sud Ouest-Outre-Mer III' of the University Hospital Centre of Bordeaux (2017/13).[br/]
NCT03183440; Pre-results
Digestion and oral comfort of cheese developed to meet the sensory and nutritional needs of the elderly
No full textDuring aging, the sensory capacities and the mastication efficacy decrease, limiting both qualitatively
and quantitatively the food intake of the elderly. However, protein and calcium requirements
increase with age. In this context, the formulation of foods adapted to the nutritional and sensory
needs of the elderly is a challenge for the next years.
Objective
The main objective of this work was to develop a series of cheeses of variable texture made of whey
proteins and enriched with different sources of calcium and test their performances on the oral comfort
of elderly people, the bioavailability of amino acids and the calcium bioaccessibility.
Methodology
The model cheeses developed had the same composition (24% of proteins including 23% of whey
proteins, and 20% of lipids) and the different textures were generated by modulating the manufacturing
process. Sensory analysis were performed on a panel of people over 65, and in vitro digestion
performed using the INFOGEST model whereas in vivo digestion experiments were conducted on
a conventional pig model.
Main findings
The results of the digestion studies highlighted the relevance of integrating whey proteins as a major
protein source in dairy products, in order to maximize the bioavailability of essential amino acids.
In addition, the bioaccessibility of calcium was mainly related to intra-gastric and intraintestinal pH,
rather than to the initial chemical form of its source of enrichment. Finally, the sensory study showed
that only the textures perceived as “dry” were linked to a significant decrease in the oral comfort of
the elderly.
Conclusion
This work highlights the opportunity to develop sensory and nutritionally adapted dairy products for
the elderly. Based on this work, it would be interesting to carry out clinical studies to know the physiological
impact of these products on the prevention of osteoporosis and sarcopenia
Effect of the addition of sucrose on the fouling of vacuum evaporators during the production of sweetened condensed milk
No full textElectrospun Polyvinyl Alcohol/d-Limonene Fibers Prepared by Ultrasonic Processing for Antibacterial Active Packaging Material
No full textNovel fibers containing different ratios of PVA and D-limonene were fabricated using electrospinning for antibacterial active packaging applications. The PVA/D-limonene fibers were thoroughly characterized using a scanning electron microscope, fourier-transform infrared spectrometry, thermal gravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, tensile tests, and oxygen permeability tests. The results of these analyses showed that the highest tensile strength and elongation at break values of 3.87 + 0.25 MPa and 55.62 + 2.93%, respectively, were achieved for a PVA/D-limonene ratio of 7:3 (v/v) and an ultrasonication time of 15 min during processing. This material also showed the lowest oxygen permeation and the best degradability and bacteriostatic properties of all samples
Feeding behaviour and pre-prandial status affect post-prandial plasma energy metabolites and insulin kinetics in growing pigs fed diets differing in fibre concentration
No full textVariations in feeding behaviour between animals result from individual variations in their metabolism as affected by diet composition. The study aimed to link the within-day dynamics of voluntary feed intake and those of blood metabolites and insulin in growing pigs having ad libitum access to feed and receiving diets differing in dietary fibre levels and aleurone supplementation. A total of forty pigs (body weight: 35 kg) had access to diets provided ad libitum, which differed by fibre content (13 or 18 % neutral-detergent fibre) and aleurone supplementation (0, 2 or 4 g/kg). Feeding behaviour was individually recorded for 1 week. The kinetic of plasma metabolites and insulin was followed for 1 h after a voluntary test meal. Dietary fibre level did not affect the daily feed intake but increased meal size and meal duration. Aleurone supplementation (4 g/kg) decreased the daily feed intake and number of meals. Dietary fibre level only decreased insulin concentration measured 15 min after meal beginning. Aleurone supplementation (4 g/kg) decreased glycaemia in the first hour after the meal and insulinaemia 15 min after the meal. Free access to feed led to high variability in pre-prandial metabolites and insulin concentrations, resulting in different test meal size irrespective of diet composition. Animals were then spread over different profiles combining feeding behaviour and fasted status to explain different profiles of regulation of feed intake. Plasma metabolites and insulin kinetics were affected by diet composition but also by animal characteristics. Individual variability should be considered when diet composition is used to modulate feeding behaviour
Dynamics of xylem cavitation during a simulated drought in Eucalyptus camaldulensis saplings, a species with solitary vessels
No full textWith the ongoing climate change, water stress is prone to become a commonplace event leading plant growth and productivity worldwilde under threat because of the disruption of their water status. Forests are highly sensitive to climate change due to the lack of sufficient knowledge related to tree adaptive responses to environmental fluctuations. Structural and physiological adaptations to drought require complex interactions between anatomy, physiology and biochemistry. Thus, long term maintenance of hydraulic integrity is crucial for survival of tree, including important forestry species that are widely distributed worldwide such as Eucalyptus camaldulensis. Xylem, the main pathway for water transport over long distances of this species, is made of solitary vessels surrounded by different imperforate tracheary elements and parenchyma that may influence in a poorly known way their xylem safety and hydraulic efficiency
