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Le mûrier blanc: une ressource fourragère à fort potentiel
No full textValeur alimentaire et rendement placent cette essence sur la même ligne que la luzerne sur le plan de l’intérêt fourrager. Le mûrier blanc récolté peut répondre aux besoins des éleveurs. C’est à l’étude en Ariège, dans le cadre du programme Agrosyl
Resveratrol-induced xenophagy promotes intracellular bacteria clearance in intestinal epithelial cells and macrophages
No full textAutophagy is a lysosomal degradation process that contributes to host immunity by eliminating invasive pathogens and the modulating inflammatory response. Several infectious and immune disorders are associated with autophagy defects, suggesting that stimulation of autophagy in these diseases should be beneficial. Here, we show that resveratrol is able to boost xenophagy, a selective form of autophagy that target invasive bacteria. We demonstrated that resveratrol promotes in vitro autophagy-dependent clearance of intracellular bacteria in intestinal epithelial cells and macrophages. These results were validated in vivo using infection in a GFP-LC3 zebrafish model. We also compared the ability of resveratrol derivatives, designed to improve the bioavailability of the parent molecule, to stimulate autophagy and to induce intracellular bacteria clearance. Together, our data demonstrate the ability of resveratrol to stimulate xenophagy, and thereby enhance the clearance of two invasive bacteria involved life-threatening diseases, Salmonella Typhimurium and Crohn’s disease-associated Adherent-Invasive Escherichia coli. These findings encourage the further development of pro-autophagic nutrients to strengthen intestinal homeostasis in basal and infectious states
Connecting the dots between computational tools to analyse soil-root water relations.
No full textIn the recent years, many computational tools, such as image analysis, data management, process-based simulation and upscaling tools, were developed to help quantify and understand water flow in the soil-root system, at multiple scales (tissue, organ, plant and population). Several of these tools work together or, at least, are compatible. However, for the un-informed researcher, they might seem disconnected, forming a unclear and disorganised succession of tools.In this article, we present how different pieces of work can be further developed by connecting them to analyse soil-root-water relations in a comprehensive and structured network. This "explicit network of soil-root computational tools" informs the reader about existing tools and help them understand how their data (past and future) might fit within the network. We also demonstrate the novel possibilities of scale-consistent parameterizations made possible by the network with a set of case studies from the literature. Finally, we discuss existing gaps in the network and how we can move forward to fill them
Genome-wide analysis in Hevea brasiliensis laticifers revealed species-specific post-transcriptional regulations of several redox-related genes
No full textMicroRNA-mediated post-transcriptional regulation has been reported on ROS production and scavenging systems. Although microRNAs first appeared highly conserved among plant species, several aspects of biogenesis, function and evolution of microRNAs were shown to differ. High throughput transcriptome and degradome analyses enable to identify small RNAs and their mRNA targets. A non-photosynthetic tissue particularly prone to redox reactions, laticifers from Hevea brasiliensis, revealed species-specific post-transcriptional regulations. This paper sets out to identify the 407 genes of the thirty main redox-related gene families harboured by the Hevea genome. There are 161 redox-related genes expressed in latex. Thirteen of these redox-related genes were targeted by 11 microRNAs. To our knowledge, this is the first report on a mutation in the miR398 binding site of the cytosolic CuZnSOD. A working model was proposed for transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation with respect to the predicted subcellular localization of deduced proteins
Understanding antral contraction in human stomach through comparison with soft elastic reactor
No full textIntroduction
Human digestion, a major concern due to the rapid development of nutrition-related chronic diseases,
rely apart from enzymatic reactions on homogenization of the gastric content by antral contractions.
Although recent CFD studies made it possible to explore the influence of the rheological
properties of the gastric content on the efficiency of gastric mixing, this key step is yet far from being
fully understood.
Objective
This work aims at discussing the influences of contraction frequency and viscosity of the digesta
in human gastric mixing by comparison with the mixing efficiency of an innovative soft elastic reactor
(SER), that induces mixing by vibration of its wall in a similar way as antral contraction waves
(ACWs) promote stomach motility.
Methodology
In this view, the SER mixing curve, recently established by Delaplace et al. (2018) using a dimensional
analysis approach, was considered in order to determine the flow regime under which the
gastric mixing of foods (viscosity ranging from 10-3 to 1 Pa.s) was performed
Main findings
It was shown that depending on the viscosity of the SER/stomach content and the amplitude of penetration/
ACWs, the number of strikes/contractions required to achieve homogenization was largely
different. Moreover, the operating points of SER and ACWs mixing were close, justifying the comparison
between both reactors.
Conclusion
Based on this, the level of mechanical solicitation provided by human peristalsis was shown to be
not as high as expected, and the mixing performance of distal region, confined in laminar regime,
was found limited and not only due to mechanical solicitations. Further efforts are needed to investigate
the role of other physiological processes such as gastric secretions and gastric emptying in
mixing performance of intragastric fluid homogenized by the antral contraction
Infant milk formulas: effect of heat treatments on the protein physicochemical properties and the nutritional quality
No full text
Intramuscular transplantation in non-human primates of human muscle-derived stem cells (MuStem cells), a promising candidate for cell therapy of muscular dystrophies
No full textSatellite cells fail to contribute to muscle repair but are functional in Pompe disease (glycogenosis type II)
No full textMapping of aboveground biomass in Gabon
No full textThe aim of this paper is to map the aboveground biomass (AGB) in Gabon. First, a random forest (RF) model that relates reference AGB values to remote sensing (RS)-derived variables (mainly radar and optical images) was built, and the significant predictive variables were determined. Second, the built RF model was applied to the significant RS-derived variables to predict AGB across Gabon. The results showed that the overall RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) on the RS-derived AGB map with a spatial resolution of 50 m was 63.3 t/ha (R-2 = 0.53). To improve the accuracy of the RS-derived AGB map, the integration of LiDAR data provided by the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) onboard the Ice Cloud and Land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) was investigated. First, an RF model that relates reference AGB values to GLAS-derived metrics and a DEM (Digital Elevation Model) was built. Second, the calibrated RF model was applied to obtain a spatially distributed estimation of AGB (GLAS footprints geolocation) covering forested areas in Gabon, with a density of 0.13 footprints/km(2). Third, the semivariogram of residuals (RS-derived AGB map - GLAS-derived AGB "surrogate AGB") was computed. Later, a regression kriging interpolation was performed by taking into account the spatial structure of residuals to provide a continuous residual map. Finally, the RS-derived AGB map and the residual map were summed, and a final AGB map was obtained. The results showed that the integration of GLAS surrogate AGB data slightly improves the accuracy of the RS-derived AGB map only for AGB values lower than 100 t/ha (bias and RMSE reduced by 13.9 and 10 t/ha, respectively). (C) 2019 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of Academie des sciences