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Mouth rinsing and ingesting unpleasant salty or bitter solutions after heavy-intensity cycling does not influence sprint performance or knee-extensor force in trained cyclists
Get PDFAccepted author manuscript version reprinted, by permission, from [International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, year, 2 (2): 232–237, https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2023-0314]. © 2025 Human Kinetics, Inc.PURPOSE: The present study investigated the effect of unpleasant salty or bitter tastes on cycling sprint performance and knee-extensor force characteristics in different fatigue states.
METHODS: Following a familiarization session, 11 trained male cyclists completed 3 experimental trials (salty, bitter, and water) in a randomized crossover order. In each trial, participants cycled at 85% of the respiratory compensation point for 45 minutes and then, after a 5-minute rest, completed a 1-minute sprint. Muscle-force characteristics were assessed using 2 knee-extensor maximal voluntary contractions immediately before, between, and after the cycling efforts. Participants mouth-rinsed and ingested 25 mL of test solution (salty, bitter, and water) immediately before each maximal voluntary contractions and the 1-minute sprint.
RESULTS: There were no significant differences in mean and peak power output during the 1-minute sprint between conditions (mean power: 528 [71] W, 524 [70] W, and 521 [80] W in the water, salt, and bitter conditions, respectively). Muscle-force production was impaired in all conditions after the heavy-intensity cycling, evidenced by a decline in maximum force production (P = .01, effect size = 0.32) and 100- to 200-millisecond impulse (P = .04, effect size = 0.27). However, there were no significant differences between conditions in maximal force or impulse measures at rest or after exercise.
CONCLUSION: These data question whether unpleasant tastes can influence muscle-force production and do not support that they may be used as an ergogenic aid for a cycling sprint performed under fatigued conditions.Unfunde
Women’s football subculture of misogyny: The escalation to online gender-based violence
No full textTo access the conference abstract please click on the URL in the Additional Links sectionGiven the global expansion of women's football and its significant social media presence, it is vital to investigate fan culture and perspectives. This article examines how fans react to the rising visibility of female athletes on TikTok.
Our goal is to assist other scholars interested in examining complex platforms and how gender-based violence literature enables us to explore broader social concerns such as privacy and security. The present study answers a call by Dá-Lameiras and Rodrguez-Castro (2021) for empirical research into newer digital video social media channels and women’s football. We, therefore, post the following research questions:
RQ 1 How do fans react to women’s football on TikTok in the framing of gender-based violence?
RQ2 How can brands respond to gender-based violence on TikTok?
We investigated these topics through a netnography (Kozinets 2020) in which researchers used immersive data operation to study women's football on TikTok. We studied (2) English Premier League football (EPL) clubs’ use of social media in the United Kingdom and situated it within the context of gender sports studies politics. More specifically, text and video were analysed, but primarily fan text comments/responses to videos were examined as this was the primary fan response mode. We kept a netnography team digital immersion journal over seven months containing screenshots, field notes in text and video. The study examined public posts on TikTok and gained University ethical approval (see also Fig 1). We used an inductive approach to examine all posts. Our findings provide fresh insights by identifying themes from social media responses to women's football and providing brand recommendations pertaining to gender- based violence.
The study set out to investigate how the EPL represents and promotes female football players on social media and how professional women football players are perceived as “sporting topics” (Jones, 2008). We were particularly interested in how fans (re)construct women footballers’ identities and the fan-based mentality at play here, revealing what we perceive as vulnerabilities when these athletes are made available via social media. The study raises questions of how these clubs navigate the complexities and contradictions inherent in sports regarding how women are empowered individually while also being used as targets for harassment. It contributes to and expands on current studies on how football teams and their fans utilise social media to represent, promote, and advertise themselves and their sport, particularly emphasising the identities of female players featured in their content. We identify the escalation of gender- based violence on social media against women players. Academics interested in analysing complex platforms such as TikTok and the ways in which gender-based violence literature enables us to analyse broader social issues such as privacy and security will find our research useful.Unfunde
A 12-week double-blind randomised controlled trial investigating the effect of dietary supplementation with 125 µg/d vitamin D in adults with asthma – ERRATUM
Get PDFIn the original article the unit of measurement for Vitamin D was amended by the typesetter from IU to μg during the proofs stage, but the numbers were not updated to correspond to the change in unit. The numbers have now been updated to show the correct µg of Vitamin D.ErratumUnfunde
Temporomandibular joint degeneration arises spontaneously in STR/Ort mice and is prevented by targeted aggrecanase inhibition
Get PDF© 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI).OBJECTIVE: Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ-OA) is painful and causes masticatory dysfunction, but current treatment is limited to symptom relief due to an incomplete appreciation of aetiology. Herein, we develop morphological and histological methods for quantitative evaluation of TMJ-OA severity and examine whether STR/Ort mice, which are genetically predisposed to spontaneous knee OA, exhibit protection against TMJ-OA upon genetic gain-of-function modification of an aggrecanase-selective mutant of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-3.
DESIGN: We established morphological changes in mandibular condylar head adapted from human TMJ-OA criteria, and developed and verified the utility of TMJ-OA histological damage scoring adapted from the OARSI system. Mutant TIMP3 containing an extra alanine at the N-Terminus ([-1A] TIMP-3 was overexpressed in STR/Ort and CBA mice. Morphological changes in mandibular condyle and TMJ cartilage degradation were evaluated and quantified using micro-CT and histology in mice aged 10, 20 and 40 weeks.
RESULTS: Whilst no evidence of TMJ-OA was observed in STR/Ort mice aged 10 weeks, bone erosion and osteophyte formation appeared in the mandibular condyle by 20 weeks, with remarkable deformity and bone resorption at 40 weeks in STR/Ort, but not the parental CBA strain. TMJ-OA was less severe in 40 week-old [-1A]TIMP-3 overexpressing STR/Ort and CBA compared to wild-type mice.
CONCLUSIONS: Using our new mouse TMJ-OA scoring system we have found that OA affects joints other than the knee in the STR/Ort strain. Genetic gain-of-function modification of STR/Ort mice with an aggrecanase-selective mutant of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-3 also affords in vivo chondroprotection against this TMJ-OA.Versus Arthritis Career Development Fellowship; Grant(s): 21447 to K.Y. Versus Arthritis Bridging Fellowship; Grant(s): 23137 to K.Y. Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research; Grant(s): 18K09764 to K.O, 21K10135 to K.
Exploring mentorship in apprenticeship success: the relationship between construction degree apprentices and their work-based mentors
Get PDF© Kelly McAdam and David Perrin. This AAM is provided for your own personal use only. It may not be used for resale, reprinting, systematic distribution, emailing, or for any other commercial purpose without the permission of the publisher.Purpose: Degree apprenticeships are becoming more established within the higher education sector, however within England there are growing concerns around the completion rates of apprentices. Whilst there are a number of factors which could be impacting this, the support structure surrounding apprentices throughout their programme is a key consideration. This study aims to investigate the support relationship between construction degree apprentices and their work-based mentors through the lived experiences of both the apprentice and the mentor.
Design/methodology/approach: This study adopted a qualitative cross-sectional approach, collecting data from three focus groups involving Level 6 apprentices from a higher education institution and their work-based mentors based in England. The data was analysed inductively using NVivo 12 software to identify codes and key themes.
Findings: The relationship between the apprentice and their work-based mentor is key to the success of degree apprenticeships. The data analysis recognised three key themes: knowledge of the apprenticeship process, support structure and employer provider relationship.
Originality/value: This study is an original contribution addressing a gap in the literature around higher-level apprentices and their work-based mentors, generating and analysing new primary data, identifying ongoing issues and formulating subsequent recommendations for practice. There are also implications for the current English apprenticeship model and those seeking to adopt or adapt it more widely.Unfunde
The Black Archive: Logopolis
No full textThis book is not available on ChesterRepStructure is the essence of matter, and the essence of structure is mathematics.’
Logopolis (1981) is a mournful epic of cosmic destruction, obsolescence and collapse. This Black Archive investigates the changes before and behind the camera, explores the story’s themes of entropy and rebirth, and places it in the context of a specific moment in the history of computing.n/
Gathering Young Children’s Unfiltered Thoughts about Disability
No full textWebinar presented to Virginia University Center for Excellence in Disabilities & Pediatrics. Aim: to examine children’s early understandings of disability and consider approaches that early year’s and primary/elementary practitioners can use to engage children in discussions around concepts of disability.N/
Book review: Jack Kerouac – Self-portrait: Collected Writings Edited by Paul Maher Jnr and Charles Shuttleworth (Sal Paradise Press / Rare Bird, 2025)
Get PDFKerouac works unseen, unread but not unlovedUnfunde
Transatlantic Drift: The Ebb and Flow of Dance Music
No full textTitled Transatlantic Drift: The Ebb and Flow of Dance Music, this book tracks the evolving story of electronic dance music from WWII to the Millennium, as the beat bounced between Europe and North America. It will be published by Reaktion, in 2024. Music is not formed in isolation; humans are social animals, keen to draw on influences, to come together collectively, to share music, whether in their hometowns or travelling the world to share melody, and to feel the beat, communally. From Detroit to Wigan; from Dusseldorf to Chicago; from New York to Ibiza, the story of dance music has been a conversation between many people, in many, many different areas, communicating through the beat. This book will interrogate those ideas.Unfunde
Blackpool 1980s – 1990s
No full textThis photobook is not available on ChesterRepBlackpool 1980s - 1990s was published by Café Royal Books in an edition of 250 in February 2023. It was edited by Craig Atkinson, founder of Café Royal Books. Clarke photographed Blackpool seafront and Pleasure Beach fairground throughout the 1980s and 1990s. This extensive collection of images is part of his larger archive of photographs of the British seaside. The CRB photobook includes a number of key leisure features of Blackpool Pleasure Beach including the roller coaster rides ‘The Grand National’ and The Big One’. Also pictured in this CRB publication is the now defunct monorail that was a ride at the Pleasure Beach.The photobook is composed of 20 black&white photographs taken in the 1980s and 1990s. It is included in a box set of 100 Café Royal Books titled Archive Six and is in the collection of major institutions. The photobook Blackpool 1980s – 1990s was exhibited at Stills: Centre for Photography, Edinburgh as part of the exhibition titled Café Royal Books (10 November 2023 – 10 February 2024); The Photographers’ Gallery, London (23 February - 02 June 2024); and Impressions Gallery, Bradford (12 September - 30 November 2024).unfunde
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