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The recent development of protection coordination schemes based on inverse of AC microgrid: A review
Get PDF© 2023 The Authors. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Institution of Engineering and Technology.Integration of distributed generation systems and diversity of microgrid operations led to a change in the structure of the power system. Due to this conversion, new challenges have arisen when employing traditional overcurrent protection schemes. As a consequence, non‐classical protection schemes have attracted significant attention in the last few years. Engineers and scholars have proposed different non‐standard methods to increase the power protection system and ensure the highly selectivity performance. Although the non‐standard characteristics and their requirements, in general, have been outlined and analyzed in the available literature, protection coordination based on voltage current–time inverse, as a branch of non‐standard optimization methods, has not yet been thoroughly discussed, compared, or debated in detail. To close this gap, this review introduces a broad overview of recent research and developments of the voltage current–time inverse based protection coordination. Focuses on assessing the potential advantages and disadvantages of related studies and provide a classification and analysis of these studies. The future trends and some recommendations have been included in this review for improving fault detection sensitivity and coordination reliability.Unfunde
Job satisfaction and animal welfare at slaughter: A survey of Official Veterinarians in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland
Get PDF© Universities Federation for Animal Welfare, 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Universities Federation for Animal WelfareIn the UK and the Republic of Ireland, Official Veterinarians (OVs) are employed by the Food Standards Agency and the Food Safety Authority, respectively, as legal authorities for both animal welfare and food safety. However, little is known about job satisfaction in this profession which has the potential to impact professionals’ well-being and performance. Moreover, despite animal welfare issues being a reality that OVs witness, we do not yet understand how OVs perceive these issues at slaughter or whether this impacts job satisfaction. We assessed OVs’ perceptions on job satisfaction and views on welfare at slaughter across the UK and ROI, through an online questionnaire with 113 participants, which included socio-demographic information of participants and questions or statements about different aspects of job satisfaction and animal welfare issues at slaughter. While most OVs committed to their work they reported issues that may compromise job satisfaction, such as often experiencing loneliness at work, threatening situations and sleep disorders. Moreover, job satisfaction was often impacted by animal welfare incidents, and conflicts with food business operators were considered one of the greatest barriers to improving welfare at slaughter. There is also the likelihood of professionals’ individual ethical values being challenged since OVs are virtually certain to witness religious slaughter yet disagree with this practice to the extent that they consider it should be banned. We reveal significant challenges associated with the role of OV that justify creation of a support network to assist and safeguard this profession, as well as animal welfare at slaughter.Unfunde
The effects of different plasticisers on the electrochemical performance of bespoke conductive additive manufacturing filaments using recycled PLA
Get PDFIn this work, we report the production, physicochemical, electrochemical, and electroanalytical characterisation of 10 different bespoke additive manufacturing filaments that utilise different chemicals as plasticisers. The inclusion of a plasticiser within a recycled poly(lactic acid) based additive manufacturing filament produced through thermal mixing is required when incorporating high loadings of conductive fillers. All 10 chemicals used in this work acted as suitable plasticisers for producing conductive filaments, allowing the incorporation of 25 wt% carbon black with 65 wt% recycled poly(lactic acid) whilst ensuring excellent low-temperature flexibility and printability. The surfaces of the additive manufactured electrodes were characterised before and after electrochemical activation, revealing a significant increase in the amount of graphitic carbon present after activation in all cases. Through electrochemical characterisation against [Ru(NH3)6]3+ and [Fe(CN)6]4−, as well as through the electroanalytical detection of dopamine, castor oil, tris(2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate, and poly(ethylene glycol) were identified as the best overall performing plasticisers for the production of additively manufactured electrodes.Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; doi: https://doi.org/10.13039/501100000266; Grant(s): EP/W033224/
Chromosome segregation in Escherichia coli involves DNA binding by the MinC-MinD complex
Get PDFThe Escherichia coli Min system, composed of the proteins MinC, MinD, and MinE, is crucial for directing septum formation at mid-cell. MinD has also been implicated in chromosome segregation due to its non-sequence-specific DNA binding ability. Here, we demonstrate that the MinCD complex, rather than MinD alone, is the primary driver of Min-mediated chromosome segregation and that MinE regulates the transient nature of this interaction. We further reveal a critical function for the linker connecting MinC’s N- and C-terminal domains in both DNA binding and FtsZ polymerization inhibition. E. coli strains expressing MinC linker variants from the native locus exhibit chromosome segregation defects. The defects are more pronounced in strains where the nucleoid-associated protein HU is endogenously tagged with GFP. These findings reinforce the involvement of the Min system in chromosome segregation in E. coli and highlight a previously unrecognized role for the MinC linker.N/
Reimagining the World Wildlife Gallery, Kendal Museum: A Community Engagement and Reinterpretation Project
Get PDFFounded in 1796, Kendal Museum is a small public museum in the northwest of England. The museum’s collections reflect both the social history of the area and the connections between the district and the wider world. Particularly significant, in this respect, is the museum’s “World Wildlife Gallery,” a permanent display of hundreds of taxidermy animal and pinned insect specimens, arranged thematically by continent in “naturalised” dioramas. In 2023/2024 Kendal museum began a project to “reimagine” the World Wildlife Gallery, through engagement with regular museum visitors and the local community more broadly. Project and Community Officer, Ila Colley; local artist and community contributor Lavinia Haslam; academic and researcher Joe Rigby, and friend of the museum and contributor to a recent reinterpretation of the museum’s geological collection, Peter Lincoln, reflect on their experiences of the “Reimagining the World Wildlife Gallery” (RWWG) project
An Investigation of Hydrocolloids Film Forming Ability on a Vertically Rotating Disc
Get PDFHydrocolloids are widely used in the food industry to perform variety of functions such as coatings, thickening, emulsifying, stabilizing and edible films. Their functionality for a given application are underpinned by the molecular weight, shape, and conformation in aqueous solution. The film forming ability of selected hydrocolloids, different in shape (rod, random coil and spherical) and/or conformation in aqueous solution were investigated experimentally and numerically on a vertically rotating disc. These include: xanthan, pectin, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and gum arabic. The Laser scan method was used for the measurement of film thickness of the respective the hydrocolloids. The Volume of Fluid (VOF) Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modelling approach was used in the numerical model. The variation in film formation at different concentrations has been observed to ascertain a trend. Both the experimental and simulation results revealed that the film formation depends on the molecular structure of the hydrocolloid while viscosity and rotating speed significantly influenced the film thickness. Xanthan showed higher film formation ability compared to the other hydrocolloids due to its higher viscosity. It was interesting to note that the film formation ability by CMC was significantly higher than pectin though pectin was five times more viscous than CMC. Gum arabic exhibited the lowest viscosity but formed almost the same film thickness on the disc as pectin despite being twenty times less viscous. Increasing CMC concentration from 0.5% to 1% resulted in increasing its viscosity and the film thickness. The film thickness increased at the disc rotating speed of 6 rpm as compared to 3 rpm. The simulation results were in good agreement with the experimental data.N/
Rural inpatient hospitals and substance use—a 10-year retrospective analysis
Get PDF© The Author(s) 2025.The version of record of this article, first published in [Irish Journal of Medical Science], is available online at Publisher’s website: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11845-025-04095-zAims: To determine the burden and nature of substance use presentations within a defined rural region and provide an estimate of the prevalence and subsequent local needs.
Method: Anonymised secondary data, based on hospital inpatient enquiry (HiPE) records dated 2010–2021 from three sites, were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Result: Despite similar gender distributions across the three hospitals, approximately 3:1 male to female, substance-related admissions varied significantly across hospitals (p < .001). Hospital C had the highest alcohol-related admissions 3537(98.6%), followed by Hospital A for opiates 369(12.3%) and Hospital B for cannabis 161 (2.2%). Only 1151(8.2%) of patients received substance use treatment. Discharge destinations also differed (p < .001), with Hospital A having higher patient transfer rates 301(10%) and self-discharge/absconding incidents 415(13.8%) compared to Hospitals B 261(3.6%) and 442(6%) and C 175(4.9%) and 200(5.6%) respectively. Alcohol-related disorders were among the top five non-communicable diseases for men across all sites, and for women in two of the three hospitals, indicating a widespread but gender-variable burden of alcohol-related harm.
Discussion: The data demonstrates significant disparities in substance-related admissions, discharges, and treatment across the hospitals, highlighting the need for integrated care pathways, personalized services, and targeted professional development to address substance use presentations effectively. The findings underscore that a one-size-fits-all approach is insufficient.School of Nursing and Midwifery Scholarship; IntNSA Research Grant; Martha McMenamin Memorial Scholarship
Numerical approximation for a stochastic Caputo fractional differential equation with multiplicative noise
Get PDF© 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.We investigate a numerical method for approximating stochastic Caputo fractional differential equations driven by multiplicative noise. The nonlinear functions f and g are assumed to satisfy the global Lipschitz conditions as well as the linear growth conditions. The noise is approximated by a piecewise constant function, yielding a regularized stochastic fractional differential equation. We prove that the error between the exact solution and the solution of the regularized equation converges in the L2((0,T)×Ω) norm with an order of O(Δtα−1/2), where α∈(1/2,1] is the order of the Caputo fractional derivative, and Δt is the time step size. Numerical experiments are provided to confirm that the simulation results are consistent with the theoretical convergence order.Unfunde
Enhancing equality, equity, diversity and inclusion in rare disease research in the United Kingdom
Get PDF© 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Background: Inclusion of under-represented rare-disease communities in research remains limited, threatening representativeness and equity.
Methods: To assess equality, equity, diversity, and inclusion in research and identify barriers to participation faced by the rare disease community, utilising a mixed-methods online survey of a convenience sample of community advocates using Likert scales and free response options.
Results: The findings from seventeen stakeholders in the rare disease community showed unanimous agreement that anxiety, fear, safety concerns, and lack of trust hinder participation in research. A total of 82% agreed or strongly agreed that additional financial resources are needed, and 76% agreed or strongly agreed that research grant applications often lack sufficient funds. The free-text responses demonstrate that the rare disease communities are keen to be involved in research but faces barriers to inclusion. Rare disease communities are willing to participate in research, but those responsible for research need to address the challenges related to language, misconceptions and fear.
Conclusions: Key legislation in the United Kingdom, specifically the Proposed Patient and Public Involvement Strategy 2020–2025, emphasises the importance of involving patients and the public in health and social care. This survey marks the first step toward gaining valuable insights into the challenges faced by this community in participating in healthcare research, which is crucial for developing a solid evidence base for their treatment and care. Involving stakeholders is essential in health and social care policy and practice, rooted in advocacy and social justice.Unfunde
Corrigendum to “Development of a facial expression scale using footrot and mastitis as models of pain in sheep” [Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 176C (2016) 19–26]
No full textThis article is not available on ChesterRepCorrigendumEU VII Framework Program (FP7-KBBE-2010-4
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