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Interacting effects of environmental enrichment across multiple generations on early life phenotypes in zebrafish
Get PDFThis is the peer reviewed version of the following article: [Green, M. R., & Swaney, W. T. (2023). Interacting effects of environmental enrichment across multiple generations on early life phenotypes in zebrafish. Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B: Molecular and Developmental Evolution, 340(5), 354-365], which has been published in final form at [https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.b.23184]. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions. This article may not be enhanced, enriched or otherwise transformed into a derivative work, without express permission from Wiley or by statutory rights under applicable legislation. Copyright notices must not be removed, obscured or modified. The article must be linked to Wiley’s version of record on Wiley Online Library and any embedding, framing or otherwise making available the article or pages thereof by third parties from platforms, services and websites other than Wiley Online Library must be prohibited.The environment plays an important role in an individual's development during early life, however, parents may also influence offspring development through so called “parental effects.” We examined the effects of environmental enrichment in zebrafish (Danio rerio) across two generations through the paternal lineage. Fathers and grandfathers were exposed to either standard or high levels of housing enrichment for 4-weeks during adulthood. First-generation (F1) and second-generation (F2) offspring were obtained from controlled breeding and tested as larvae for changes in morphology at hatching stage (72hpf), and in locomotor activity at larval stage (120hpf) in both generations. We found paternal experience of enrichment resulted in changes in trunk length of F1 offspring and changes in spine curvature and dorsal length of F2 offspring, while changes in snout morphology of F2 offspring seemed to be driven by whether grandpaternal and paternal experience of the environment was matched or not. We found that while paternal enrichment increased the frequency of spontaneous movement in F1 and F2 offspring, interacting effects of paternal and grandpaternal enrichment on movement distance were seen in F2 offspring, and that spontaneous movement and the distance that larvae swam are thus distinct phenotypes that were differentially affected by the experiences of previous paternal generations. Taken together, these findings suggest that the parental and grandparental environment influence zebrafish behavior and morphology. The nature of these effects and the design of this study mean that these phenotypes were likely the result of nongenetic transmission through the paternal germline
Sport, Children, and Socialization
Get PDFThis chapter explores what is meant by ‘socialization’ as well as some of the key aspects of sports socialization (such as the long-standing problematic of the process of socialization into sport, the impact of socio-economic divisions on socialization, and the relationship between socialization and lifelong participation). It also examines the main approaches to understanding socialization into sport and some of the main debates (such as the growing involvement of parents in the sporting socialization of children). All-in-all, there is now a substantial body of evidence that the foundations for lifelong participation in sport are usually laid in childhood and youth in family contexts. Participation is unlikely to endure into and through adulthood unless foundations have been laid in childhood in the family
3D hydrogel/ bioactive glass scaffolds in bone tissue engineering: Status and future opportunities
Get PDFRepairing significant bone defects remains a critical challenge, raising the clinical demand to design novel bone biomaterials that incorporate osteogenic and angiogenic properties to support the regeneration of vascularized bone. Bioactive glass scaffolds can stimulate angiogenesis and osteogenesis. In addition, natural or synthetic polymers exhibit structural similarity with extracellular matrix (ECM) components and have superior biocompatibility and biodegradability. Thus, there is a need to prepare composite scaffolds of hydrogels for vascularized bone, which incorporates bioactive glass to improve the mechanical properties and bioactivity of natural polymers. In addition, those composites' 3-dimensional (3D) form offers regenerative benefits such as direct doping of the scaffold with ions. This review presents a comprehensive discussion of composite scaffolds incorporated with BaG, focusing on their effects on osteo-inductivity and angiogenic properties. Moreover, the adaptation of the ion-doped hydrogel composite scaffold into a 3D scaffold for the generation of vascularized bone tissue is exposed. Finally, we highlight the future challenges of manufacturing such biomaterials
Strategic National Human Resource Development: The Case of the Duqm Special Economic Zone in Oman
Get PDFResearch is increasingly acknowledging the pivotal role of national human resource development (NHRD) in economic development. There is a growing call to conduct research in country-specific contexts to further explore this concept and the factors that influence its outcomes. The concept differs from one country to another; therefore, many Human Resource Development (HRD) studies focus on one country. However, few have focused on the Middle East region, and there has been even less research on Oman. The aim here is to fill this research gap by evaluating information gathered from across the Duqm Special Economic Zone (DSEZ) in Oman and analyse Oman’s HRD practices. Specifically, the intent is to identify the gap in skillsets in Oman and to develop an NHRD model that is appropriate for the country’s economic requirements for national skills development
Using professional conversations as a participatory research method within the discipline of sport pedagogy-related teacher and coach education
Get PDFThis article documents the use of professional conversation as a method of participatory research to question, inform and innovate assessment practices used in tertiary settings. Utilising a professional conversations model, four tertiary educators engaged in a 6-month long email conversation designed to explore our individual and collective sense-making around use of a specific mode of assessment relating to sport pedagogy-related teacher and coach education courses. Justification for use of a professional conversations model is presented, along with participants’ experiences of engaging in this participatory method of data capture. A brief summary of participants’ post-conversation views on PASS is included, as well as recommendations relating to the utility of using a professional conversations model as a participatory research method
Nanocomposite Materials for Biomedical and Energy Storage Applications
Get PDFThe exploration of functional nanomaterials with superior catalytic activity for practical photocatalytic water decontamination is of significant importance. Perovskite-based nanomaterials, which demonstrate excellent photophysical and catalytic properties, are widely investigated as a class of adaptable materials for the photocatalytic degradation of environmental pollutants. This chapter introduces the recent progresses in using perovskite-based nanocomposites with particular emphasis on the applications for effective photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants in wastewater. It starts by presenting the general principles and mechanisms governing photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants in water by perovskite, along with the design criteria for perovskite-based nanocomposites. It then explains various strategies used to prepare perovskite-based nanocomposites with the aim of enhancing their photocatalytic activity. By the end of the chapter, the remaining challenges and perspectives for developing efficient perovskite-based photocatalysts with potential large-scale application are highlighted
Don Cupitt: prophet, public intellectual and pioneer Prophet without honour: the marginalization of Don Cupitt
No full textThis article is not available on ChesterRepThis article is the first of three that will evaluate the work and legacy of the Cambridge non-realist theologian and philosopher of religion, Don Cupitt. We begin by suggesting that Cupitt might be depicted as a ‘prophet without honour’ in both his ecclesiastical home of the Church of England and at the University of Cambridge, where he spent most of his professional life. This is based on the observation that, after a promising early career, Cupitt never received the ecclesiastical preferment or academic promotion that many argued he deserved. This arguably represents a missed opportunity for both Church and academy, because Cupitt is more accurately understood not as an enemy of religion but as essentially an ecclesiastical insider whose chief motivation was to uphold the contemporary relevance and credibility of Christianity
Extrinsic and intrinsic factors affecting the activity budget of alpine marmots (Marmota marmota)
Get PDFThe version of record of this article, first published in [Mammal Research], is available online at Publisher’s website: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13364-022-00623-9Extrinsic and intrinsic factors may influence the activity budget of wild animals, resulting in a variation in the time spent in different activities among populations or individuals of the same species. In this study, we examined how extrinsic and intrinsic factors affect the behaviour of the alpine marmot (Marmota marmota), a hibernating social rodent inhabiting high-elevation prairies in the European Alps. We collected behavioural observations during scan sampling sessions on marked individuals at two study sites with different environmental characteristics. We used Bayesian hierarchical multinomial regression models to analyse the influence of both intrinsic (sex and age-dominance status) and extrinsic (environmental and climatic variables) factors on the above-ground activity budget. Marmots spent most of their time above ground foraging, and were more likely to forage when it was cloudy. Extrinsic factors such as the site, period of the season (June, July–August, and August–September), and time of the day were all related to the probability of engaging in vigilance behaviour, which reaches its peak in early morning and late afternoon and during July, the second period included in the study. Social behaviours, such as affiliative and agonistic behaviours, were associated mostly with sex and age-dominance status, and yearlings were the more affiliative individuals compared to other status. Overall, our results suggest that in alpine marmots, intrinsic factors mostly regulate agonistic and affiliative behaviours, while extrinsic factors, with the unexpected exception of temperature, affect the probabilities of engaging in all types of behavioural categories
Development and Validation of a Questionnaire to Assess Evidence-Based Practice and Evidence-Informed Practice Knowledge, Attitudes, Understanding and Behaviour
Get PDFGood-quality questionnaires are needed to assess the effectiveness of educational programs on undergraduate healthcare students’ knowledge, attitudes, understanding and behavior regarding evidence-based practice and evidence-informed practice. However, there is currently no available questionnaires designed to evaluate the outcomes of evidence-based practice and evidence-informed practice education. Based on the methods proposed by Streiner et al., this study developed and validated a questionnaire for assessing evidence-informed practice and evidence-based practice knowledge, attitudes, understanding, self-perceived application and use, and behavior among undergraduate preregistration students in the nursing and allied health disciplines. Seventy-three questionnaire items were developed and administered to varied groups of people, including students and academics. Principal component analysis was conducted to reduce dimensions and establish construct validity and internal consistency of the developed questionnaire. Following pilot-testing and expert review, the final validated questionnaire consists of 53 items (8 demographic items, 25 evidence-based practice items, and 20 evidence-informed practice items). The evidence-based practice and evidence-informed practice questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool to measure the outcomes of evidence-based practice and evidence-informed practice education
Dementia education and training for caregivers supporting older people with intellectual disability: a scoping review of the literature
Get PDF© [2023, Emerald Publishing Limited]. This AAM is provided for your own personal use only. It may not be used for resale, reprinting, systematic distribution, emailing, or for any other commercial purpose without the permission of the publisher.Education and training is vital in improving age related care provisions . However, a lack of awareness and understanding of dementia could be a factor in meeting the age related needs of people. This article examines the impact dementia education has on caregivers’ confidence to provide person centred care for people with intellectual disability and identifies additional training needs.
A systematic scoping review was completed using PRISMA-ScR to guide the process of mapping existing evidence of dementia education and training programmes available to caregivers of people with intellectual disability.
A search of five electronic databases, identified 11 articles that reported on the role of dementia education in improving the knowledge of caregivers in effectively delivering the age related care. Findings suggest that improved training provision is needed to support early diagnosis and increase caregivers confidence in meeting the physical and psychological needs of older adults with intellectual disability. This review contributes to the literature by identifying the value of and need for continued development in dementia education and training to improve person centred dementia care
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