Veleučilište "Nikola Tesla" u Gospiću
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Promjenjivi prometni znakovi
Get PDFPrometni znakovi pružaju vozaĉima adekvatne i pravovremene informacije. Postoje i posebni sluĉajevi kad su potrebni dodatni podaci o stanju prometnog toka i meteorološkim uvjetima na cesti npr. preusmjeravanje prometnog toka zbog jakog vjetra kod Maslenice ili ograniĉenje brzine kretanja zbog leda ili magle na dijelu prometnice koji prolazi kroz Liku. Takve situacije, koje nisu kontinuirane prirode nego se javljaju povremeno mogu se kontrolirati uz pomoć promjenjivih prometnih znakova. Cilj uvoĊenja promjenjivih prometnih znakova na prometnice visoke uslužnosti je povećana sigurnost prometa. Izgradnjom modernih autocesta donesene su i osnovne smjernice za primjenu promjenjivih prometnih znakova. Opisane su vrste i razine utjecaja na promet, definirani prometni i meteorološki kriteriji za primjenu promjenjivih prometnih znakova. Propisima i zakonima takoĊer je odreĊen izgled i dimenzija znaka, kad se uz stalne prometne znakove postavljaju privremeni, kako se prometni znakovi moraju održavati, na kojoj visini se znak postavlja, na kojoj strani ceste se znak postavlja, te koja je udaljenost od kolnika.Traffic signs provide drivers with adequate and timely information. There are also special cases where additional data on the state of the traffic flow and the weather conditions on the road are required eg. redirecting the traffic flow due to the strong wind at Maslenica or speed limit due to fog or ice on the part of the road passing through Lika. Such situations, which are not permanent in nature, but occur occasionally, can be controlled with the help of variable traffic signs. The goal of introducing variable traffic signs on the roads of high serviceability is increased traffic safety. The construction of modern highways also introduces basic guidelines for the use of variable traffic signs. Describes the types and levels of impacts on traffic, defined traffic and weather criteria for the application of variable traffic signs. Regulations and laws also specify the appearance and dimension of a sign, when the temporary traffic signals are placed along with the permanent traffic signs, how traffic signs need to be maintained, at which level sign is installed, on which side of the road sign is installed and the distance from the roadway
Inteligentna transportna sredstva u funkciji racionalizacije cestovnog prometa
Get PDFnteligentna transportna sredstva imaju značenje novoga kritičnog pojma koji mijenja pristup i trend razvoja prometne znanosti i tehnologije transporta. Paralelno teče i razvoj inteligentnih vozila, koja svojim novim svojstvima značajno unaprjeĎuju sigurnost, učinkovitost i udobnost voţnje. Temeljna zamisao ITS-a je uspješno rješavanje problema odvijanja prometa i obavljanja transporta ljudi, roba i informacija u korelaciji s razvojem prometne znanosti i tehnologije. ITS unutar pojedinih područja pruţa usluge informiranja, upravljanja prometom i operacijama te usluge kojima se poboljšava operativna sigurnost vozila. Razvoj ITS inţenjerstva se temelji na spoznajama, metodama i modelima prometnog inţenjerstva. Temeljna zadaća ITS-a kao znanstvene discipline je identificirati i analizirati sustav i tehnologiju transporta te razviti i primijeniti rješenja za učinkovit, siguran, ekonomičan, udoban i ekologijski prihvatljiv prijevoz ljudi i prijenos roba uporabom odgovarajućih tehničkih sredstava, prometnica i sustava cjelovitog upravljanja prometom. ITS predstavlja sintezu vlastitih i drugih spoznaja koje su se vremenom razvijale u tehničkim i drugim disciplinama. Transportna sredstva su strojevi, ureĎaji te ostala oprema u materijalnoj proizvodnji koja sluţe za premještanja tereta i ljudi. Dijelimo ih prema vrsti transporta te prema vrsti prometa. Europska unija i njene članice su veoma rano shvatile značenje i mogućnosti primjene inteligentnih transportnih sustava u rješavanju prometnih i transportnih problema. Tijekom 80-ih i 90-ih godina prošlog stoljeća dobro je utemeljeno područje cestovne telematike u Hrvatskoj zbog čega je grupa znanstvenika u okviru Fakulteta prometnih znanosti uspostavila Istraţivačko središte za ITS preteču Zavoda za ITS na istom fakultetu.Intelligent means of transport are the new critical concept that changes the approach and trend of development of transport science and transport technology. In parallel there is a development of intelligent vehicles, which bring new features and thus significantly improve safety, efficiency and driving comfort. The basic idea of IMT is to successfully solve the problem of traffic flow and carrying people, goods and information, which follows the development of traffic science and technology. IMT provides information, traffic management and operations services, and vehicle operational safety improvement services within certain areas. The development of IMT engineering is based on the knowledge, methods and models of traffic engineering. The fundamental task of IMT as a scientific discipline is to identify and analyze the transport system and technology, and to develop and implement solutions for efficient, safe, economical, comfortable and ecologically acceptable transport of people and the transport of goods using the appropriate technical means, roads and integrated traffic management systems. IMT represents the synthesis of one's own and other ideas that have evolved over time in technical and other disciplines. The means of transport are machines, apparatus and other equipment in the material production used for moving of cargo and people. They can be divided by type of transport and by type of traffic. The European Union and its members have realized very early the significance and possibilities of using intelligent transport systems in solving traffic and transportation problems. During the 80's and 90's years of the last century a well-established road telemetric area was established in Croatia, and a group of scientists within the Faculty of Traffic Sciences set up an Intelligent Transport Systems, which is a precedent of the ITS Institute at the same faculty
Marketing Niche and Local Marketing
Get PDFMarketing niša je relativno novi pojam u području marketinga. Trţišne niše su najprofitabilnije za manje tvrtke koje su usko specijalizirane za odreĎeno područje djelovanja. Niša se fokusira na pojedince, umjesto na velike grupe kao što je slučaj s masovnim marketingom s kojim se cilja na cjelokupno trţište. Jedan od najvaţnijih faktora za uspjeh u nišama je kvaliteta proizvoda. Tvrtka mora proizvoditi kvalitetne proizvode ili usluge ukoliko ţeli uspješno poslovati. Reputacija je ključ uspjeha s ovom vrstom marketinga. Marketing niše se moraju orijentirati prema imućnijim potrošačima koji su spremni platiti visoku cijenu za kvalitetan proizvod. Lokalni marketing je orijentiran na usko područje djelovanja, uglavnom neposredno oko same lokacije poslovanja. Razumijevanje potrošača je jedan od najvaţnijih faktora u lokalnom marketingu. Postoje razni faktori koje je potrebno uzeti u obzir: kupovna moć potrošača, kulturne norme, demografska situacija i mnogi drugi faktori. Vrlo je bitno saznati što motivira lokalne potrošače, ovo moţemo saznati nekom od sljedećih metoda: fokus grupe, ankete, metoda promatranja i mnoge druge. Lokalni marketing,a pogotovo marketing niša je odlična prilika za male poduzetnike koji se teško mogu izboriti s velikim tvrtkama. S razvojem novih tehnologija, ovo će postati još privlačnije novim poduzetnicima.Marketing niche is a relatively new concept in the area of marketing. Niches are most profitable for smaller businesses that are specialized in a specific area of activity. Niche is focused on individuals, rather than big groups of people like in the case with mass marketing which aims at whole market. One of the most important factors for success in niches is the quality of the product. Businesses must produce quality products or services if they want to be successful in business. Reputation is key to success with this kind of marketing. Marketing niches must orient toward wealthier consumers that are ready to pay the high price for quality product. Local marketing is oriented towards the narrow area of activity, mostly close to the business location. Understanding of consumers is one of the most important factors in local marketing. There are many factors that we need to consider: the purchasing power of consumers, cultural norms, demographic situations and many other factors. It is very important to know what motivates local consumers. We can find out what motivates consumers by some of the following methods: focus groups, surveys, methods of observation and many others. Local marketing and especially niche marketing is a great chance for small businesses that have a hard time with big businesses. With the development of new technologies, this will become even more attractive to small businesses
Building of Customer Loyalty Towards iPhone Devices
Get PDFOvaj rad se bavi temom stvaranja odanosti potrošača prema odreĎenom brendu, a ja sam kao primjer uzeo iPhone. Kroz rad ću pokušati objasniti što sve utječe na potrošača i njegovu odluku pri kupnji te kako i zbog čega se sve potrošač odlučuje ostati odan odreĎenoj marki. Stavovi imaju vaţno mjesto u ponašanju potrošača, jer su središnja komponenta misaone strukture svakog pojedinca. Koncept misaone strukture, osim stavova, uključuje i znanje, uvjerenja, ljudske vrijednosti, mišljenja, imidţa itd. Budući da je ponašanje potrošača funkcija misaonog stanja, a stavovi su temeljna podfunkcija tog stanja, proizlazi da je ponašanje potrošača takoĎer funkcija stavova . Iako rezultati istraţivanja nisu u potpunosti podrţali ovu hipotezu, većina se autora slaţe da su stavovi veoma vaţna varijabla u odreĎivanju ponašanja potrošača. Brend je taj koji stvara legendu o kvaliteti i pouzdanosti odreĎenog proizvoda. Dug je put od od obične tvrtke do svjetski poznatog brenda. U toj prepoznatljivosti brenda veliku ulogu igra i njegov logo kao zaštitni znak prema kojem ga potrošači prepoznaju.Theme of this paper deals with creating consumer loyalty to a particular brand, and as an example I have taken the iPhone. Throughout this paper I will try to explain what affects the consumer and his decision to buy a product, how and why all consumers decide to remain loyal to a certain brand. Attitudes have an important place in consumer behavior, as they are the central component of the decision structure of each individual. The concept of the decision, apart from attitudes, includes knowledge, beliefs, human values, opinions, image etc. Because consumer behavior is a function of thought state, and attitudes are the underlying function of this state, it results that consumer behavior is also a function of attitudes. Although the results of the research did not fully support this hypothesis, most authors agree that attitudes are very important variables in determining consumer behavior. The brand is the one that creates a legend about the quality and reliability of a particular product. It is a long way from a regular company to a world-renowned interior. Also the logo as a trademark that consumers recognize plays a big role in recognition of a brand
City Zagreb - System and organizational structure
Get PDFU završnom radu pod naslovom „Grad Zagreb - ustroj i organizacijska struktura“ obrađeni su pojmovi vezani za grad Zagreb, nastanak i povijest, ustrojstvo vlasti, te razvoj grada kao posebne teritorijalne i upravne jedinice. Grad Zagreb je glavni i najveći grad Republike Hrvatske ujedno je kulturno, znanstveno, gospodarsko, političko, administrativno središte Republike Hrvatske sa sjedištem Sabora, Predsjednika i Vlade. Analizirane su karakteristike smještaja grada, prometni položaj, te njegov nastanak kroz ujedinjenje susjednih brežuljaka Gradeca i Kaptola. Samoupravni djelokrug grada uređen je Statutom Grada Zagreba. Također objašnjen je i poseban status koji mu pripada kao jedinici lokalne samouprave (grad) koji ima i položaj jedinice regionalne (područne) samouprave (županija) kroz detaljno analizirana Tijela Grada Zagreba - Gradska skupština kao predstavničko tijelo građana i Gradonačelnik kao nositelj izvršne vlasti. Govorit će se i o gradskim upravnim tijelima Zagreba koji obavljaju poslove iz djelokruga grada. Riječ će biti i o mjesnoj samoupravi u gradu Zagrebu koja je podijeljena na gradske četvrti i mjesne odbore.In the final work titled "The City of Zagreb - system and organization structure" have been elaborated the concepts related to the City of Zagreb, the origin and history, the structure of government, and the development of the city as a special territorial and administrative unit. The City of Zagreb is the main and largest city of the Republic of Croatia and at the same time the cultural, scientific, economic, political, administrative center of the Republic of Croatia with the seat of the Parliament, the President and the Government. The characteristics of the city's position, the traffic position and its formation are analyzed through the unification of the neighboring hills of Gradec and Kaptol. The self-governing sphere of the city is regulated by the Statute of the City of Zagreb. A special status has also been given to him as a unit of local self-government (city) which also has the status of a regional self-government unit through a detailed analysis of the bodies of the City of Zagreb - the City Assembly as the representative body of the citizen and the Mayor as the executive. Also will be talk about the city's administrative bodies in Zagreb who are doing business in the city. It will also be about local self-government in the city of Zagreb divided into city districts and local councils
Geoprometni položaj i usporedba prometa luka Rijeka, Kopar i Trst
Get PDFGlavne morske luke u europskim i svjetskim relacijama već su prije nekoliko desetljeća postale bitan ĉimbenik (glavna ĉvorišta) u povezivanju svih prometnih grana u transportu roba, osobito u prometovanju suvremenim tehnologijama transporta. To je izuzetno znaĉajno za transport tranzitnih, kao i roba izvozno-uvoznog karaktera. U ovome radu obraĊen je geoprometni položaj luka (Rijeka, Kopar i Trst). Analiziran je promet po glavnim vrstama tereta za razdoblje od 2011. do 2015. godine te je prikazano stanje kontejnerskog prometa. Dan je osvrt na terminale kojima raspolažu luke Rijeka, Kopar i Trst te je opisan plan za njihov daljnji razvitak.Main sea ports on European and world distances for few decades are very important factor (main hubs) in connecting all transport branches in transport of goods, mainly in circulation with modern technologies of transport. It is extremely important for transport of transitory and goods of import-export character. In this work is elaborated geotraffical position of ports (Rijeka, Koper and Trieste). Transport is analyzed by main type of loads for period from 2011 to 2015 and state of container transport is also shown. Review of terminals is given with which ports Rijeka, Koper and Trieste have at their disposal and also plan for further development is also described
Road Infrastructure in the City of Gospić
Get PDFU gradovima raskriţja moraju zadovoljavati sve sigurnosne aspekte prometa te moraju pruţiti protoĉnost vozila i odrţati maksimalnu sigurnost za sve sudionike prometa tijekom opterećenosti njezinih privoza. Ukoliko raskriţje ne zadovoljava sigurnosne prometne uvjete, potrebno je izvršiti detaljnu analizu raskriţja i utvrditi mane i sigurnosne konstrukcijske potrebe. Rekonstrukcijom raskriţja ispravljaju se greške nastale tijekom izvedbe raskriţja, ali se stvara novo prometno okruţenje koje se prilagoĊava potrebama korisnika. Procjenom i analizom opterećenja privoza nude se dodatne mogućnosti izvedbe raskriţja potrebama korisnicima grada Gospića. Modernim postupkom semaforizacije raskriţja i uporabom modernih tehnoloških ureĊaja pri istovremenom analiziranju i upravljanju raskriţjem, stvara se moderno prometno raskriţje kojima automatski upravlja sustav.In the cities, intersections must satisfy all safety aspects of traffic and they must provide vehicle flow and maintain maximum safety for all traffic participants during the burden of its driveways. If intersection doesn't satisfy safety aspects of traffic, it is necessary to carry out a detailed intersection analysis and to identify weaknesses and security construction needs. Reconstruction of the intersection corrects the errors that occurred during the construction of the intersection, but creates a new traffic environment that is tailored to the needs of users. Estimation and analysis of driveways loads offer additional possibilities for intersections to the needs of the users of the town of Gospić. With modern intersection semaphorization and the use of modern technological devices while simultaneously analyzing and managing intersection, a modern traffic intersection is created by the automated system
Analysis of Liquidity and Solvency Ratios and their Importance Making Business Decisions in a Case Study of HUP Zagreb d. d
Get PDFNelikvidnost i insolventnost poduzeća najznačajniji su problemi poslovanja poduzeća u Republici Hrvatskoj i gospodarstvu općenito jer takva poduzeća obično idu u stečaj, što povećava krug nelikvidnosti i nezaposlenost. Za poduzeće je važno da iz svoje imovine može pravovremeno podmirivati svoje obveze i da mu je vrijednost imovine veća od iznosa obveza, tj. da ne postane nelikvidno i insolventno. Odgovarajuće upravljanje imovinom poduzeća i rizikom likvidnosti te usklađivanje rokova plaćanja obveza prema dobavljačima i rokova naplate potraživanja od kupaca preduvjeti su koje menadžment i uprava poduzeća moraju osigurati kako bi spriječili nelikvidnost i insolventnost poduzeća. Za uspješno poslovanje neophodno je da menadžment i uprava, ali i svi poslovni partneri poduzeća u donošenju poslovnih odluka analiziraju pokazatelje aktivnosti kao pokazatelje uspješnosti upravljanja imovinom poduzeća, pokazatelje likvidnosti i solventnosti te novčani jaz. Na temelju podataka iz godišnjeg izvješća izračunati su i analizirani pokazatelji aktivnosti, likvidnosti i solventnosti, novčani jaz te pokazatelji likvidnosti i solventnosti na temelju novčanog toka za društvo HUP-Zagreb d. d. kako bi se prikazali postupci i značaj analize ovih pokazatelja u poslovanju te ocijenila likvidnost, solventnost i uspješnost poslovanja društva HUP-Zagreb d. d.Illiquid and insolvent companies are the most important problems in Croatian business and the economy in general because companies like that mostly end up in bankruptcy which makes the circle of illiquidity and unemployment bigger and bigger. It is important for a company to settle their liabilities on time as well as to make sure that their asset value is larger than their liabilities, i.e. the company should not become illiquid and insolvent. Appropriate management of company assets and the liquidity risk, as well as coordination of account payables and account receivables deadlines are the main preconditions that the management and the board of the company have to ensure to prevent illiquidity and insolvency. In order to achieve successful business operations, it is important that the management, the board and all of the company's business partners analyse activity ratios as indicators of successful asset management, liquidity and solvency ratios and the cash gap. Using the data from the annual report, activity, liquidity and solvency ratios, the cash gap as well as liquidity and solvency ratios based on cash flow for HUP-Zagreb d. d. have all been calculated and analysed in order to present the procedures and the importance of analyzing these ratios in business and to assess liquidity, solvency and the performance of the company HUP-Zagreb d.
Women in politics
Get PDFKroz povijest žene su uvijek bile podcjenjivane i osporavane, oduvijek se smatralo da je njihov zadatak biti kod kuće, brinuti se oko odgoja djece i istovremeno obavljati teške fizičke poslove u kućanstvu. Kako se razvijalo društvo, dolazi i do određenih promjena u položaju žena. S vremenom, počele su dobivati različite poslove, društvena prava, pravo glasa, a u konačnici i pravo odlučivanja i rada u politici.
Iako danas živimo u 21. stoljeću, postoje dijelovi svijeta u kojima žene nemaju gotovo nikakva prava. Ipak, većina zemalja omogućava emancipaciju žena i tako vrlo lako mogu uspjeti u poslovnom, društvenom i političkom životu. Statistički gledano, Island se nalazi na prvom mjestu što se tiče ravnopravnosti spolova, druga je Finska, a treća Norveška. Tako možemo vidjeti kako najveću ravnopravnost žene imaju u Skandinavskim zemljama. Na zadnjim mjestima, gdje žene imaju najmanja prava, nalaze se Jemen, Pakistan te Sirija.Through history, women have always been oppressed. It was believed that their job is to be at home, taking care of the children and doing manual labor at home. As society developed, so has the position of women. Through time they began working in different jobs, their social rights were improved, they gained the right to vote, and finally make decisions and work in politics.
Even though we live in the 21st century, there are still some parts of the world where women have almost no rights. However, most countries allow the emancipation of women, and they can become very successful in professional, social and political areas. Statistically, Iceland is the leader in women's rights, followed by Finland and Norway. Women have the most equality in Scandinavian countries. At the other side of the specter, where women have very few rights, are Yemen, Pakistan and Syria
Cycling Infrastructure
Get PDFBiciklizam je kretanje kopnom korištenjem bicikla. To je prijevozno sredstvo na ljudski pogon. Prema današnjim vaţećim prometnim pravilima u većini drţava bicikl se smatra prometnim sredstvom. Zbog toga je biciklist ravnopravan sudionik u prometu. Postoji zakonska regulativa koja propisuje minimalnu potrebnu starosti vozača, pravila kretanja po javnim prometnicama, tehničke zahtjeve na biciklu itd. Biciklistički promet je, u usporedbi s drugim uobičajenim prijevoznim sredstvima (primjerice automobilima), daleko manje opasan po onečišćenje okoliša, a ujedno vrlo pozitivnog učinka na zdravlje ljudi koji voze bicikle. Brojni gradovi osiguravaju za bicikliste različitu infrastrukturu, koja biciklistima olakšava i osigurava voţnju. Postojeća prometna mreţa u Hrvatskoj projektirana je i izvoĎena tako da daje primarnu ulogu motornim vozilima, naročito osobnom automobilu, te javnom gradskom prijevozu. Udio biciklista u gradskom prometu nije zanemariv, pogotovo u ruralnim sredinama gdje biciklizam ima dugu tradiciju. Ulaganjem u izgradnju biciklističke infrastrukture sa povećanjem svijesti graĎana o mogućnostima korištenja energetski, ekološki i financijski prihvatljivijih oblika prijevoza, biciklizam kontinuirano biljeţi pozitivan razvojni trend.Cycling is a form of land transportation with the use of a bicycle which is a vehicle powered by human force. Most countries worldwide nowadays have traffic regulations which classify bicycles as transportation medium or a vehicle making a cyclist an equal traffic participant. There are legal regulations which provide the necessary age of the driver (cyclist), rules of driving on public roadways, the technical demands of the bicycle, etc. Trafficking of bicycles is, compared to other forms of transportation (e.g. automobiles), far less dangerous for the environment, with the bonus fact that it has a positive effect on the health of the people driving bicycles. Many cities ensure that cyclist have a special infrastructure, making the trafficking of bicycles safer and easier.The existing traffic network in Croatia is designed and performed in a way that motor vehicles have the primary role - especially automobiles and public transportation. The portion of cyclists in public city transportation is substantial, and especially in rural areas where it holds a long tradition. With investments in construction of cycling infrastructure and working on educating citizens about the possibilities of using more acceptable forms of transportation (considering energy, ecology and finances), cycling is continually showing a positive growth trend