Helmholtz Centre Potsdam - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences
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Time Savoring Scale Development
No full textThe current study will develop and validate the Value of Time Index (VTI). We argue that age-related shifts in goals occur when people become aware of their lifetime limits and place increasing importance on the time remaining
The effect of first-movers in games with asymmetric endowments
No full textWe test the effect of cooperative and defecting first-movers in Public Goods Games with asymmetric endowments
Resigned silence: When unfairness leads to helplessness
No full textThis project includes two studies designed to experimentally investigate the impact of voice-outcome noncontingency on individuals' voice behavior persistence. Using voice is not always beneficial for individuals especially when it has no concrete impact on a situation. This lack of perceived impact can be interpreted as control deprivation: the subject attempted an action to change its environment, and that action had no impact. This situation, if repeated several times, is the basis for the development of a learned helplessness syndrome: lack of contingency between one's actions and outcomes (in our case, change a situation using voice) and perceived lack of control (Kofta & Sedek, 1989; Peterson et al., 1993; Seligman, 1975; Soral et al., 2021)
Imagery Capability, Vividness of Imagery and Attitudes toward Wayfinding
No full textUnpublished findings from our lab indicate a positive correlation between self-reported imagery vividness, as measured by the VVIQ (Marks, 1973) and self-reported wayfinding ability, as measured by the Wayfinding Questionnaire (WQ; van der Ham et al., 2013). Participants reported an extreme absence in mental imagery experience, known as aphantasia, differed substantially on the VVIQ and although significantly, only to a very small degree on the WQ. In addition, the WQ has three subscales that each focus on different aspects of the wayfinding ability (i.e., navigation and orientation (NO), distance estimation (DE), and spatial anxiety (SA)), our unpublished study also investigated the correlation between different subscales and the VVIQ scores. We found correlations between the strengths of the correlations, whereas the correlation between VVIQ and NO and DE are stronger than SA. When further investigation into each subscale, we noticed that a portion of statements in NO and DE are either explicitly or implicitly mentioned in the imagination of imagery while SA statements did not. Hence, we wondered whether the wording of the subjective questionnaires will influence participants’ perception of their ability, leading to covariations in correlations.
In the proposed study, we will follow up on this result and investigate whether aphantasia will have a self-perceived deficit in wayfinding ability (as measured by the WQ). We will also examine whether aphantasia’s perception of deficit can be reflected by their objective task performance (i.e., if aphantasia and/or participants scored low in WQ will translate to deficits in objectively scorable spatial orientation via narrative description), as measured by the Taylor & Tversky task (Taylor and Tversky, 1992). Further, we want to investigate into the subscales of the WQ and determine whether participants’ performance in objective spatial tasks (Taylor and Tversky Task) will covary differently with each WQ subscale.
As a secondary goal, we will also administer the objectively scored imagery task TAMI (Madan and Singhal, 2013), and assess whether aphantasic individuals differ in their objective imagery ability
The longitudinal relation between executive functioning and MEG multilayer network topology in glioma patients.
No full textCognitive impairment is a common symptom in patients with glioma (Caramanna et al., 2021; Klein, Duffau, & De Witt Hamer, 2012; van Kessel, Baumfalk, van Zandvoort, Robe, & Snijders, 2017), seen across multiple cognitive domains including executive functioning. The latter is a set of higher-order mental skills that include working memory, flexible thinking, and self-control. Integration of information across the brain is crucial to maintain executive functioning performance (Bullmore & Sporns, 2012). Moreover, further deterioration of executive functioning has been observed after surgical removal of a brain tumor (Ng et al., 2019; Noll et al., 2015; Satoer et al., 2012; Talacchi, Santini, Savazzi, & Gerosa, 2011; Wu et al., 2011).
Neural correlates of this cognitive impairment and subsequent deficit are sparse.
Magnetoencephalography (MEG) studies have revealed that post-operative cognitive changes are associated with both preoperative characteristics and temporal changes of the functional brain network using graph theory measures including functional connectivity and hub load (Carbo et al., 2017; Derks, Reijneveld, & Douw, 2014; van Dellen et al., 2012). That is, Van Dellen et al. (2012) showed that higher lower alpha band connectivity within the default mode resting state network after surgery was related to better verbal memory. Within the upper alpha band, higher connectivity of the right frontoparietal resting state network correlated with better attention, working memory and executive functioning. As also suggested from cross-sectional studies, increasing integration of the network related to improving cognitive functioning (Carbo et al., 2017; Derks, Reijneveld, & Douw, 2014): deteriorating verbal memory after tumor resection correlated with decreasing dynamic integrative hub functioning. More importantly, cognitive decline could be predicted by lower baseline hub integration (Carbo et al., 2017). Hub nodes are crucial for information flow throughout the system, serving as a connector to other nodes within or between brain networks. The extent to which hubs play an integrative or central role within the entire brain network seems generally related to cognitive functioning in glioma.
However, all the mentioned studies calculated graph theory network measures in each MEG frequency band separately (alpha, beta, delta etc). Recent work shows that applying a multilayer network approach that calculates network measures across different layers (frequency bands in the case of MEG data) yields additional information compared to single layer results (Brookes et al., 2016; De Domenico, Sasai, & Arenas, 2016; Guillon et al., 2017; Tewarie et al., 2016; Yu et al., 2017). For example, (Breedt et al., 2021) showed that higher multilayer centrality in the frontoparietal network related to better executive functioning in healthy controls, whereas this association was not observed in single layer analyses. In this study, we therefore aim to explore multilayer MEG connectivity before and after resective surgery in relation to executive functioning in glioma patients
The Effects of Co-Teaching and Related Collaborative Models of Instruction on Student Achievement: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
No full textThis review investigates the impact of collaborative models on students' academic achievement across various subjects, grades, types of students, interventions modes, and research designs (i.e. [C]RCTs, QES, and observational studies
