Helmholtz Centre Potsdam - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences
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A systematic review protocol for meta-analyses of conference papers presented at the Japanese Psychological Association and the Japanese Society for Social Psychology in 2013 and 2018 (stage 2)
No full textThis project will conduct a systematic review of conference papers that had been presented at the Japanese Psychological Association and Japanese Society of Social Psychology. This is a protocol for the stage 2 data collection
Sequential Unit Asking - Study 1
No full textIn this study, we investigate a novel technique to overcome scope insensitivity in the context of donations. Our sequential Unit Asking technique sequentially increases the number of units (e.g., number of children) and asks participants how much they would be willing to donate to help these units. We compare this technique to classical Unit Asking (Hsee et al., 2013) where participants are only asked about one unit and the final units (e.g. 100 units). Furthermore, we will compare the sequential Unit Asking technique to direct asking where participants are only asked about the final units
Registered report: Can reinstating location improve mnemonic fidelity of visual mental representations?
No full textStage 1 IPA at Corte
Species-Family Study 1
No full textWe are investigating how children and adults weigh species category, number of entities, and social relationships when making judgements about who to prioritize in different scenarios
The effects of scarcity on perspective-taking moderated by childhood (vs. current) SES.
No full textProject working title: The effects of scarcity on perspective-taking moderated by childhood (vs. current) SES.
Authors: Chang Hyun Ha, Sang Hee Park
Affiliation: Chungbuk National Universit
Investigating intentions to get a coronavirus vaccine: testing the decoy effect
No full textThe aim of our study is to demonstrate the positive impact of adding a decoy option to a hypothetical vaccine invitation scenario. Specifically, the study will test whether offering disinclined individuals an additional less convenient vaccination appointment (decoy option) would increase the likelihood of individuals choosing the default vaccination appointment (target option)
The Role of Expectation and Experience in the Control of Attention
No full textCognitive control refers to the ability to prevent automatic and unwanted behavior to act in a goal-directed manner. In the classic color-word Stroop task, participants are required to name the color of the stimulus while ignoring its meaning. Participants encounter either a congruent (e.g., the word blue in blue ink) or an incongruent (e.g., the word blue in yellow ink) stimulus. Since participants need to attend to the relevant dimension of the stimulus while ignoring the irrelevant dimension, it requires selective attention. A robust result of the Stroop task is the observation of faster and more accurate responses with the congruent items compared to the incongruent items, namely the Stroop effect.
Through manipulating the proportion of congruent and incongruent items in a list, researchers can create mostly congruent (e.g., 80% congruent) and mostly incongruent (e.g., 80% incongruent) lists. The list-wide proportion congruence manipulations showed that the Stroop effect can be modulated. The decreased Stroop effect in the mostly incongruent (MI) compared to the mostly congruent (MC) lists is known as the list-wide proportion congruence (LWPC) effect. The modulation of the Stroop effect indicates the control of attention.
The LWPC effect is generally attributed to the strategies of participants that are implemented as list-wide. In the MC lists, participants implement a relaxed strategy and allow the word reading process, since it generally causes a correct response. In the MI lists, participants implement a focused attention strategy and try to avoid the word reading process, since it generally causes a wrong response. While a relaxed strategy increases the Stroop effect for the MC lists, a focused strategy decreases the Stroop effect for the MI lists; creating the LWPC effect.
The influence of experience in the control of attention is a well-known effect evidenced by the LWPC effect. Participants can modulate their attentional settings according to what they experience throughout the list. Another possible factor influencing the control of attention is the expectation. Participants may update their attentional control settings according to what they expect from the list. However, the effect of expectation is not as well-grounded as the effect of experience.
An important piece of evidence for the influence of expectation on the performance is the finding of Entel, Tzelgov, & Bereby-Meyer (2014). They gave explicit cues to participants and explained that the list they will experience is an MC or an MI list. However, the cue was valid only for the second half of the experiment. Each group (receiving an MC-cue or an MI-cue) experienced an EC list in the first half of the experiment. Critically, a significant LWPC effect was observed with the EC lists. There was a larger Stroop effect with the MC-cued EC list, compared to the MI-cued EC list. Even though the experience of the participants was the same, different expectations lead to different attentional control settings. It shows the importance of expectations in the control of attention.
A way to investigate the effect of expectation is using the pre-cued list paradigm (Bugg, Diede, Cohen-Shikora, & Selmeczy, 2015). In the pre-cued list paradigm, multiple short lists with different PCs are presented throughout the experiment. Before each list, an informative (%80 MATCHING or %80 CONFLICTING) or noninformative (?????) cue is presented to participants. It allows researchers to observe the influence of expectation on each list. By comparing cued and uncued lists, experimenters are able to observe the influence of cue, in other words, the influence of expectation.
If the expectation influences the performance, the effect of control on performance should be stronger in the cued conditions. Increasing the influence of attentional control would result in a cue-induced MC shift (i.e., larger Stroop effect with the cued-MC list compared to the uncued-MC list) and a cue-induced MI shift (i.e., smaller Stroop effect with the cued-MI list compared to the uncued-MI list). If the basis for the control of attention is pure experience, there should be no difference between the cued and uncued lists. Bugg et al. found that while there is a significant cue-induced MC shift, there is not a significant cue-induced MI shift. Participants relaxed (a significant cue-induced MC shift) but did not heighten (non-significant cue-induced MI shift) their attentional settings according to their expectations.
In the current study, we aim to better understand the nature of cues and the influence of expectations by using valid and invalid cues together. By comparing the effect of expectation on validly- and invalidly-cued lists, we aim to understand whether expectation and experience have an additive or an interactive effect on the performance in a Stroop task
The Role of Expectation and Experience in the Control of Attention
No full textWe aim to understand the role of expectation and experience on the performance in a Stroop task using pre-cued list paradigm
Refinement of Drink Less app
No full textThis project details the process of refining the content and design of the Drink Less app to improve its usability and effectiveness using mixed methods
Is Parental Illness a Risk Indicator of Future Physical Child Abuse?
No full textA causal and explorative study looking at ways to utilize administrative data on parental health to identify families in need of early support. The study will draw on nation-wide health and socioeconomic data, including cases of physical child abuse recorded by the courts. Causal and explorative models, with health information as main exposure and physical child abuse as main outcome, will be built to look for patterns useful for public health initiatives